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Cyanate
 
 
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The cyanate ion
Ion

An ion is an atom or molecule which has lost or gained one or more electrons, giving it a positive or negative electrical charge. According to the Bohr_model this will be from or in the outer shield 'n'....
 is an anion consisting of one oxygen
Oxygen

Oxygen no O2 produced; 2) O2 produced, but absorbed in oceans & seabed rock; 3) O2 starts to gas out of the oceans, but is absorbed by land surfaces and formation of ozone layer; 4-5) O2 sinks filled and the gas accumulates]]...
 atom
Atom

|-! bgcolor=gray | Properties|-||}The atom is a basic unit of matter consisting of a dense, central atomic nucleus surrounded by a electron cloud of electric charge electrons....
, one carbon
Carbon

Carbon is a chemical element with chemical symbol C and atomic number 6. As a member of group 14 on the periodic table, it is nonmetallic and tetravalence?making four electrons available to form covalent bond chemical bonds....
 atom, and one nitrogen
Nitrogen

Nitrogen is a chemical element that has the symbol N and atomic number 7 and atomic mass 14.00674?. Elemental nitrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless and mostly inert diatomic gas at standard conditions, constituting 78% by volume of Earth's atmosphere....
 atom, [OCN]-, in that order, and possesses 1 unit of negative charge
Electric charge

Electric charge is a fundamental conserved property of some subatomic particles, which determines their electromagnetic interaction. Electrically charged matter is influenced by, and produces, electromagnetic fields....
, borne mainly by the nitrogen atom. In organic compound
Organic compound

An organic compound is any member of a large class of chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon. For historical reasons discussed below, a few types of compounds such as carbonates, simple oxides of carbon and cyanides, as well as the allotropes of carbon, are considered Inorganic compound....
s the cyanate group is a functional group
Functional group

In organic chemistry, functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules....
.

The structure of cyanate can be considered to resonate
Resonance (chemistry)

Resonance in chemistry is a key component of valence bond theory used to graphically represent and mathematically model certain types of molecular structures when no single, conventional Lewis structure can satisfactorily represent the observed structure or explain its properties....
 between two canonical forms:

The resonance hybrid resulting from these two contributory structures can be represented as

The cyanate ion is isoelectronic with carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalent bond to a single carbon atom. It is a gas at standard temperature and pressure and exists in Earth's atmosphere in this state....
, and so shares its linear shape.

The cyanate ion is an ambident nucleophile in nucleophilic substitution
Nucleophilic substitution

In organic chemistry and inorganic chemistry, nucleophilic substitution is a fundamental class of substitution reaction in which an "electron rich" nucleophile selectively bonds with or attacks the positive or partially positive charge of an atom attached to a group or atom called the leaving group; the positive or partially positive atom...
 because it can react to form an alkyl cyanate R-OCN (exception) or an alkyl isocyanate
Isocyanate

Isocyanate is the functional group of atoms ?N=C=O , not to be confused with the cyanate functional group which is arranged as ?O?C=N....
 R-NCO (rule).






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The cyanate ion
Ion

An ion is an atom or molecule which has lost or gained one or more electrons, giving it a positive or negative electrical charge. According to the Bohr_model this will be from or in the outer shield 'n'....
 is an anion consisting of one oxygen
Oxygen

Oxygen no O2 produced; 2) O2 produced, but absorbed in oceans & seabed rock; 3) O2 starts to gas out of the oceans, but is absorbed by land surfaces and formation of ozone layer; 4-5) O2 sinks filled and the gas accumulates]]...
 atom
Atom

|-! bgcolor=gray | Properties|-||}The atom is a basic unit of matter consisting of a dense, central atomic nucleus surrounded by a electron cloud of electric charge electrons....
, one carbon
Carbon

Carbon is a chemical element with chemical symbol C and atomic number 6. As a member of group 14 on the periodic table, it is nonmetallic and tetravalence?making four electrons available to form covalent bond chemical bonds....
 atom, and one nitrogen
Nitrogen

Nitrogen is a chemical element that has the symbol N and atomic number 7 and atomic mass 14.00674?. Elemental nitrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless and mostly inert diatomic gas at standard conditions, constituting 78% by volume of Earth's atmosphere....
 atom, [OCN]-, in that order, and possesses 1 unit of negative charge
Electric charge

Electric charge is a fundamental conserved property of some subatomic particles, which determines their electromagnetic interaction. Electrically charged matter is influenced by, and produces, electromagnetic fields....
, borne mainly by the nitrogen atom. In organic compound
Organic compound

An organic compound is any member of a large class of chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon. For historical reasons discussed below, a few types of compounds such as carbonates, simple oxides of carbon and cyanides, as well as the allotropes of carbon, are considered Inorganic compound....
s the cyanate group is a functional group
Functional group

In organic chemistry, functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules....
.

The structure of cyanate can be considered to resonate
Resonance (chemistry)

Resonance in chemistry is a key component of valence bond theory used to graphically represent and mathematically model certain types of molecular structures when no single, conventional Lewis structure can satisfactorily represent the observed structure or explain its properties....
 between two canonical forms:

The resonance hybrid resulting from these two contributory structures can be represented as

The cyanate ion is isoelectronic with carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalent bond to a single carbon atom. It is a gas at standard temperature and pressure and exists in Earth's atmosphere in this state....
, and so shares its linear shape.

The cyanate ion is an ambident nucleophile in nucleophilic substitution
Nucleophilic substitution

In organic chemistry and inorganic chemistry, nucleophilic substitution is a fundamental class of substitution reaction in which an "electron rich" nucleophile selectively bonds with or attacks the positive or partially positive charge of an atom attached to a group or atom called the leaving group; the positive or partially positive atom...
 because it can react to form an alkyl cyanate R-OCN (exception) or an alkyl isocyanate
Isocyanate

Isocyanate is the functional group of atoms ?N=C=O , not to be confused with the cyanate functional group which is arranged as ?O?C=N....
 R-NCO (rule). Aryl
Aryl

In the context of organic molecules, aryl refers to any functional group or substituent derived from a simple aromatic ring, may it be phenyl, thiophene, indole, etc ....
 cyanates (C6H5OCN) can be formed by a reaction of phenol
Phenol

Phenol, also known as carbolic acid, is a toxic, white crystalline solid with a sweet tarry odor, commonly referred to as a "hospital smell"....
 with cyanogen chloride
Cyanogen

Cyanogen is the chemical compound with the chemical formula 2. It is a colorless, toxic gas with a pungency odor.The molecule is a pseudohalogen....
 (ClCN) in the presence of a base.

Cyanates are salts or esters of cyanic acid, for example potassium cyanate
Potassium cyanate

Potassium cyanate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula KOCN. It is the conjugate base of cyanic acid, HOCN. This reagent is used to prepare herbicide....
 (KOCN) or methyl cyanate. See also cyanate ester
Cyanate ester

Cyanate esters are chemical substances generally based on a bisphenol or novolac derivative, in which the hydrogen atom of the phenolic OH group is substituted by a cyanide group....
.

The cyanate ion is relatively non-toxic in comparison with cyanide
Cyanide

A cyanide is any chemical compound that contains the nitrile , which consists of a carbon atom chemical bond to a nitrogen atom. Inorganic cyanides are hydrogen cyanide salts in which cyanide is generally the anion CN-....
s. Use of this fact is made in cyanide decontamination processes where a permanganate
Permanganate

A permanganate is the general name for a chemical compound containing the manganate ion, . Because manganese is in the +7 oxidation state, the manganate ion is a strong oxidizing agent....
 oxidation
Redox

Redox describes all chemical reactions in which atoms have their oxidation number changed.This can be either a simple redox process such as the oxidation of carbon to yield carbon dioxide or the reduction of carbon by hydrogen to yield methane , or it can be a complex process such as the oxidation of sugar in the human body through a ser...
 converts toxic cyanide to safer cyanate.

The fulminate
Fulminate

Fulminates are Chemistry Chemical compound which include the fulminate ion. The fulminate ion, CNO- is a pseudohalic ion, acting like a halogen with its charge and reactivity....
 ion [ONC]- has the same chemical formula
Chemical formula

A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound, and how the relationship between those atoms changes in chemical reactions....
 but a different structure — it is a structural isomer
Structural isomerism

Structural isomerism, or constitutional isomerism, is a form of isomer in which molecules with the same molecular formula have atoms bonded together in different orders, as opposed to stereoisomerism....
 of cyanate.