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Aryl
 
 
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In the context of organic molecules, aryl refers to any functional group
Functional group

In organic chemistry, functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules....
 or substituent
Substituent

In organic chemistry, a substituent is an atom or group of atoms substituted in place of a hydrogen atom on the parent chain of a hydrocarbon. The suffix -yl is used when naming organic compounds that contain a substituent....
 derived from a simple aromatic ring
Simple aromatic ring

Simple aromatic rings, also known as simple arenes or simple aromatics, are aromatic organic compounds that consist only of a conjugated system planar ring system with delocalized_electron pi electron clouds....
, may it be phenyl, thiophenyl
Thiophene

Thiophene is the heterocyclic compound with the formula C4H4S. Consisting of a flat five-membered ring, it is aromaticity as indicated by its extensive substitution reactions....
, indolyl
Indole

Indole is an aromatic Heterocyclic compound organic compound. It has a bicyclic structure, consisting of a six-membered benzene ring fused to a five-membered nitrogen-containing pyrrole ring....
, etc (see IUPAC nomenclature
IUPAC nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature is a system of naming chemical compounds and of describing the science of chemistry in general. It is developed and kept up to date under the auspices of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry ....
). "Aryl" is used for the sake of abbreviation or generalization.

A simple aryl group is phenyl, C6H5; it is derived from benzene
Benzene

Benzene, or benzol, is an organic compound chemical compound and a known carcinogen with the molecular formula Carbon6Hydrogen6....
. The tolyl group, CH3C6H4, is derived from toluene
Toluene

Toluene, also known as methylbenzene or phenylmethane, is a clear, Water -insoluble liquid with the typical smell of paint thinners, redolent of the sweet smell of the related compound benzene....
 (methylbenzene). The xylyl
Xylyl

A xylyl is one of a group of radical denoted by the formula 2C6H3. Xylyls are derived from three xylenes with a hydrogen atom removed....
 group, (CH3)2C6H3, is derived from xylene
Xylene

The term xylene or xylol refers to a mixture of three aromatic hydrocarbon isomers which is used as a solvent in the printing, rubber, and leather industries....
 (dimethylbenzene).

Biaryls may display axial chirality
Axial chirality

Axial chirality is a special case of chirality in which a molecule does not possess a stereogenic center but an axis of chirality - an axis is about which a set of substituents is held in a spatial arrangement that is not superposable on its mirror image....
.








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Encyclopedia


In the context of organic molecules, aryl refers to any functional group
Functional group

In organic chemistry, functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules....
 or substituent
Substituent

In organic chemistry, a substituent is an atom or group of atoms substituted in place of a hydrogen atom on the parent chain of a hydrocarbon. The suffix -yl is used when naming organic compounds that contain a substituent....
 derived from a simple aromatic ring
Simple aromatic ring

Simple aromatic rings, also known as simple arenes or simple aromatics, are aromatic organic compounds that consist only of a conjugated system planar ring system with delocalized_electron pi electron clouds....
, may it be phenyl, thiophenyl
Thiophene

Thiophene is the heterocyclic compound with the formula C4H4S. Consisting of a flat five-membered ring, it is aromaticity as indicated by its extensive substitution reactions....
, indolyl
Indole

Indole is an aromatic Heterocyclic compound organic compound. It has a bicyclic structure, consisting of a six-membered benzene ring fused to a five-membered nitrogen-containing pyrrole ring....
, etc (see IUPAC nomenclature
IUPAC nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature is a system of naming chemical compounds and of describing the science of chemistry in general. It is developed and kept up to date under the auspices of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry ....
). "Aryl" is used for the sake of abbreviation or generalization.

A simple aryl group is phenyl, C6H5; it is derived from benzene
Benzene

Benzene, or benzol, is an organic compound chemical compound and a known carcinogen with the molecular formula Carbon6Hydrogen6....
. The tolyl group, CH3C6H4, is derived from toluene
Toluene

Toluene, also known as methylbenzene or phenylmethane, is a clear, Water -insoluble liquid with the typical smell of paint thinners, redolent of the sweet smell of the related compound benzene....
 (methylbenzene). The xylyl
Xylyl

A xylyl is one of a group of radical denoted by the formula 2C6H3. Xylyls are derived from three xylenes with a hydrogen atom removed....
 group, (CH3)2C6H3, is derived from xylene
Xylene

The term xylene or xylol refers to a mixture of three aromatic hydrocarbon isomers which is used as a solvent in the printing, rubber, and leather industries....
 (dimethylbenzene).

Biaryls may display axial chirality
Axial chirality

Axial chirality is a special case of chirality in which a molecule does not possess a stereogenic center but an axis of chirality - an axis is about which a set of substituents is held in a spatial arrangement that is not superposable on its mirror image....
.

See also

  • Alkyl
    Alkyl

    An alkyl is a univalent Radical consisting of carbon and hydrogen atoms, arranged in a chain. The Alkyls form homologous series with the general formula CnH2n+1....
  • Aromatic hydrocarbon
    Aromatic hydrocarbon

    An aromatic hydrocarbon or arene is a hydrocarbon, of which the molecular structure incorporates one or more planar sets of six carbon atoms that are connected by delocalised electrons numbering the same as if they consisted of alternating single and double covalent bonds....
  • Aromaticity
    Aromaticity

    Aromaticity is a chemical property in which a conjugated system ring of unsaturated bonds, lone pairs, or empty orbitals exhibit a stabilization stronger than would be expected by the stabilization of conjugation alone....
  • Heterocycle