Butyl

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• n-Butyl group: CH₃–CH₂–CH₂–CH₂– (fully systematic name: butyl)
• sec-Butyl group: CH₃–CH₂–CH(CH₃)– (fully systematic name: 1-methylpropyl)

• Isobutyl group: (CH₃)₂CH–CH₂– (fully systematic name: 2-methylpropyl)
• tert-Butyl group: (CH₃)₃C– (fully systematic name: 1,1-dimethylethyl)

sec-butyl", and "tert-butyl" are all retained trivial names.

skeletal formula Skeletal formula The skeletal formula of an organic compound is a shorthand representation of its molecular geometry. Skeletal formulae are ubiquitous in organic chemistry because they show complicated structures clearly and they are quick and simple to draw....	common name Common name A common name is a name in general use within a community . A common name is not necessarily a commonly used name.Many of the conventions and traditions described in this article are based on the English language, and thus may not apply to common names in other languages....	IUPAC name	systematic name Systematic name There are millions of possible objects that can be described in science, too many to create common names for every one. As a response, a number of systems of systematic names have been created....	alternate notation
	n-butyl	butyl	butyl	butan-1-yl
	isobutyl	isobutyl	2-methylpropyl	2-methylpropan-1-yl
	sec-butyl	sec-butyl	1-methylpropyl	butan-2-yl
	tert-butyl	tert-butyl	1,1-dimethylethyl	2-methylpropan-2-yl

Butyl is the largest substituent for which trivial names are commonly used for all isomers.

The prefixes iso, sec and tert refer to the number of carbons connected to the primary carbon (also known as R^I ("R prime"), the carbon that is connected to R). Iso means one, sec- means two and tert- means three.

Some examples

The following are the four isomers of "butyl acetate":

n-butyl acetate Butyl acetate n-Butyl acetate, also known as butyl ethanoate, is an organic compound commonly used as a solvent in the production of lacquers and other products....	isobutyl acetate Isobutyl acetate The chemical compound isobutyl acetate, with systematic name 2-methylpropyl ethanoate, is a common solvent. It is produced from the esterification of isobutanol with acetic acid....	sec-butyl acetate Sec-Butyl acetate sec-Butyl acetate, or s-butyl acetate, is a solvent commonly used as a solvent in lacquers and enamels, where it is used in the production of acyclic poluymers, vinvyl resins and nitrocellulose ....	tert-butyl acetate Tert-Butyl acetate tert-Butyl acetate, or t-butyl acetate is a colourless flammable liquid with a camphor- or blueberry-like smell. It is used as a solvent in the production of lacquers, enamels, inks, adhesives, thinners and industrial cleaners....

Etymology

As the number of carbons in an alkyl chain increases, butyl is the last to be named historically instead of through Greek

Greek language

Greek is an Indo-European languages native to the southern Balkan peninsula, the language of the Greek people. It forms an independent branch within Indo-European....
 numbers. The name is derived from butyric acid

Butyric acid

Butyric acid , also known under the systematic name butanoic acid, is a carboxylic acid with the structural formula carbonhydrogen3CH2CH2-carboxyl group....
, a four carbon carboxylic acid

Carboxylic acid

Carboxylic acids are organic acids characterized by the presence of a carboxyl group, which has the Chemical formula -COH, usually written -COOH or -CO2H....
 found in rancid

Decomposition

Decomposition refers to the process by which tissues of dead organisms break down into simpler forms of matter. Such a breakdown of dead organisms is essential for new growth and development of living organisms because it recycles the finite chemical constituents and frees up the limited physical space in the biome....
 butter

Butter

Butter is a dairy product made by churning fresh or fermentation cream or milk. It is generally used as a spread and a condiment, as well as in cooking applications such as baking, sauce making, and frying....
. The name of butyric acid, in turn, comes from Latin

Latin

Latin is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Through the Military history of the Roman Empire, Latin spread throughout the Mediterranean and a large part of Europe....
 butyrum, "butter".

Tert-butyl effect

The tert-butyl substituent

Substituent

In organic chemistry, a substituent is an atom or group of atoms substituted in place of a hydrogen atom on the parent chain of a hydrocarbon. The suffix -yl is used when naming organic compounds that contain a substituent....
 is very bulky and used in chemistry for kinetic stabilisation together with other bulky groups such as the related trimethylsilyl

Trimethylsilyl

A trimethylsilyl group is a functional group in organic chemistry. This group consists of three methyl groups bonded to a silicon atom [−Si3], which is in turn bonded to the rest of a molecule....
 group. The effect that the t-butyl group exerts on the progress of a chemical reaction is called the

See also

• Methyl
• Ethyl
  Ethyl group
  
  In chemistry, an ethyl group is an alkyl functional group derived from ethane . It has the chemical formula -Carbon2Hydrogen5 and is very often abbreviated -Et....
  
• Propyl
  Propyl
  
  In organic chemistry, propyl is a three-carbon alkyl substituent with chemical formula -Carbon3Hydrogen7. It is the substituent form of the alkane propane....
  
• Pentyl
  Pentyl
  
  In organic chemistry, pentyl is a five-carbon alkyl radical with chemical formula -C5H11. It is the substituent form of the alkane pentane....
   / amyl
  Amyl
  
  The word or root amyl has two meanings, in organic chemistry and biochemistry....