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The Battle of Solway Moss took place on Solway Moss
Solway Moss

Solway Moss is a moss , in Cumbria, England near the Scotland border. , the moss is the subject of a campaign by organisations including the RSPB and Friends of the Earth to get the area declared a Special Area of Conservation in order to prevent the destruction of the rare raised bog ecology ....
 near the River Esk
River Esk

River Esk is the name of several rivers:...
 in the Scottish Borders
Scottish Borders

The Scottish Borders , often referred to simply as the Borders, is one of 32 local government Council areas of Scotland of Scotland. It is bordered by Dumfries and Galloway in the west, South Lanarkshire and West Lothian in the north west, City of Edinburgh, East Lothian, Midlothian to the north; and the Metropolitan and non-metropolit...
 in November 1542 between forces from England
England

native_name =|conventional_long_name = England|common_name = England|image_flag = Flag of England.svg|image_coat = England COA.svg|symbol_type = Royal Coat of Arms...
 and Scotland
Scotland

conventional_long_name = ScotlandAlba|common_name= Scotland|image_flag = Flag of Scotland.svg|flag_width = 130px...
 .

When Henry VIII of England
Henry VIII of England

Henry VIII was King of England from 21 April 1509 until his death. He was also Lordship of Ireland and claimant to the Early Modern France. Henry was the second monarch of the House of Tudor, succeeding his father, Henry VII of England....
 broke from the Roman Catholic Church, he asked James V of Scotland
James V of Scotland

James V was King of Scots from 9 September 1513 until his premature death at the age of thirty, which followed the Scottish defeat at the Battle of Solway Moss....
, his nephew, to do the same. James ignored his uncle's request, and further insulted him by refusing to meet with Henry at York
York

York is a walled city, sited at the confluence of the rivers River Ouse, Yorkshire and River Foss in North Yorkshire, England. The city status in the United Kingdom is noted for its rich heritage and it has played an important role throughout much of its almost 2,000 year existence....
. Furious, Henry VIII sent troops against Scotland. In retaliation for the massive English raid into Scotland, James responded by assigning Robert, Lord Maxwell, the Scottish Warden of West March, the task of raising an army.

On 24 November 1542, an army of 15,000-18,000 Scots advanced south.






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The Battle of Solway Moss took place on Solway Moss
Solway Moss

Solway Moss is a moss , in Cumbria, England near the Scotland border. , the moss is the subject of a campaign by organisations including the RSPB and Friends of the Earth to get the area declared a Special Area of Conservation in order to prevent the destruction of the rare raised bog ecology ....
 near the River Esk
River Esk

River Esk is the name of several rivers:...
 in the Scottish Borders
Scottish Borders

The Scottish Borders , often referred to simply as the Borders, is one of 32 local government Council areas of Scotland of Scotland. It is bordered by Dumfries and Galloway in the west, South Lanarkshire and West Lothian in the north west, City of Edinburgh, East Lothian, Midlothian to the north; and the Metropolitan and non-metropolit...
 in November 1542 between forces from England
England

native_name =|conventional_long_name = England|common_name = England|image_flag = Flag of England.svg|image_coat = England COA.svg|symbol_type = Royal Coat of Arms...
 and Scotland
Scotland

conventional_long_name = ScotlandAlba|common_name= Scotland|image_flag = Flag of Scotland.svg|flag_width = 130px...
 .

When Henry VIII of England
Henry VIII of England

Henry VIII was King of England from 21 April 1509 until his death. He was also Lordship of Ireland and claimant to the Early Modern France. Henry was the second monarch of the House of Tudor, succeeding his father, Henry VII of England....
 broke from the Roman Catholic Church, he asked James V of Scotland
James V of Scotland

James V was King of Scots from 9 September 1513 until his premature death at the age of thirty, which followed the Scottish defeat at the Battle of Solway Moss....
, his nephew, to do the same. James ignored his uncle's request, and further insulted him by refusing to meet with Henry at York
York

York is a walled city, sited at the confluence of the rivers River Ouse, Yorkshire and River Foss in North Yorkshire, England. The city status in the United Kingdom is noted for its rich heritage and it has played an important role throughout much of its almost 2,000 year existence....
. Furious, Henry VIII sent troops against Scotland. In retaliation for the massive English raid into Scotland, James responded by assigning Robert, Lord Maxwell, the Scottish Warden of West March, the task of raising an army.

On 24 November 1542, an army of 15,000-18,000 Scots advanced south. Maxwell, though never officially designated commander of the force, declared he would lead the attack in person. However, he fell sick, never reaching the scene of the battle.

The Scots advance was met at Solway Moss by Sir Thomas Wharton
Thomas Wharton, 1st Baron Wharton

Thomas Wharton, 1st Baron Wharton was born in Kirkby Stephen, Westmorland, England, the eldest son of Sir Thomas Wharton of Wharton Hall and his wife Agnes Warcup....
 and his 3,000 men. With the earlier loss of Maxwell, Sir Oliver Sinclair de Pitcairns, James V's favourite
Favourite

In historical writings, when used in reference to a person, favourite, also spelled favorite , means the intimate companion of a ruler or other important person....
, declared himself to be James's chosen commander. Unfortunately, the other commanders refused to accept his command and the command structure totally disintegrated.

The battle (better described as a rout) was uncoordinated and resulted in few deaths, but the English captured twelve hundred prisoners, including Sinclair and the Earls of Cassill and Glencairn.

James, who was not present at the battle (he remained at Lochmaben
Lochmaben

Lochmaben is a small town in Scotland, and site of a once-important castle. It lies four miles west of Lockerbie, in Dumfries and Galloway....
), withdrew to Falkland Palace
Falkland Palace

Falkland Palace in Fife, Scotland is a former royal palace of the King of Scots. Today it is in the care of the National Trust for Scotland, and serves as a tourist attraction....
 humiliated and ill with fever. He died there two weeks later at the age of thirty. He left behind a six-day-old daughter, Mary, Queen of Scots
Mary I of Scotland

Mary I was Queen of Scots from 14 December 1542 to 24 July 1567.She was the only surviving legitimate child of James V of Scotland. She was only six days old when her father died and left her Queen of Scots....
.

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