Arsenyev
Encyclopedia
Arsenyev is a town in Primorsky Krai
, Russia
, located about 250 kilometres (155.3 mi) northeast of Vladivostok
. Population:
. In 1901 the migrant peasants from what is now Poltava Oblast
, Ukraine
settled here. In 1937, the settlement was connected to the Trans-Siberian Railway
by a branch-line. In 1940, the first aviation plant in the Russian Far East
, which is now called Progress Arsenyev Aircraft Works, was built in Semyonovka. In 1952, Semyonovka was granted town status and renamed Arsenyev, after Vladimir Arsenyev
, an explorer of the Far East, a scientist, a traveler, and a writer, who visited Semyonovka in 1912.
is 701 millimetres (27.6 in), the annual humidity is 71%. The soil freezes as deep as 2 metres (6.6 ft)
deposits that are used by the local plant of construction materials. There are granite
and basalt
beds within 10–12 km distance from the town. The suburban flora includes Japanese Yew
(Taxus cuspidata), Amur velvet, Manchurian Walnut
(Juglans mandschurica), Ermann's Birch
(Betula ermannii), Eleutherococcus
, Lotus
(Nelumbo nucifera, a rare and very beautiful water-plant that can be found in several small lakes twelve kilometers from Arsenyev). There is a variety of fauna species in the area, including mammal
s, birds, and insects characteristic of Primorye. The tiger
(Panthera tigris), wildcat
(Felis spp.), mandarin duck
(Aix galericulata), several species of unique butterflies including Catocala and species of Noctuid moth can be found.
The town location is compact and comfortable. It is a green town in summer. There is much snow during winter in Arsenyev, and this creates perfect conditions for skiing around the town. Arsenyev is surrounded by an almost untouched Ussuri taiga
. The ecological situation in Arsenyev is more favorable in comparison with other cities and towns of the krai, due to the absence of polluting enterprises in the town and its suburbs.
s, furniture
, and baby prams, that were by-products of Askold and Progress. All of this constitutes a threat to unemployment to most of the town population, which has been employed by these two plants. One possible solution to the problem is exporting military helicopters of Progress Stock Company, which have received worldwide approval. Due to the highly technical industries located there, Arsenyev is characterized by a larger proportion of specialists with higher education compared with other cities of the Krai.
, on the right bank of the Arsenyevka river
(the Ussuri
's tributary
). The river is 294 km (200 mi) long. The valley of the Arsenyevka river is 2–3 km (1–2 mi) wide. The river is the source of water for the town and for the rice plantations of the adjacent Anuchinsky District
. In 1954, a dam was constructed on the Dachnaya River (the Arsenyevka
's tributary). It is located in the center of Arsenyev, forming a pool with fountains. The town park is adjacent to it. This is the favorite recreation place of the town's residents. The water reservoir for the town is located on the upper reaches of the Dachnaya river. The town of Arsenyev is built on flat land.
Arsenyev is an attraction primarily for lovers of mountain-skiing. There is a mountain-skiing base in Arsenyev. There is much snow in the Arsenyev area in winter. The mountain normally used for mountain skiers is 10 km (7 mi) from the town and rises as high as 870 m (2,854 ft) above sea level
. Training for mountain-skiing beginners is available. Tourists are welcome on week-ends. You can stop at the Salyut recreation center at the foot of the mountain.
, founded in 1958 in the public garden on Gorky Avenue.
The Uvalnaya Hill displays the monument to Russian explorer Vladimir Arsenyev
and his guide gol'd Dersu Uzala
("Uza" is more correct in gol'd lang.), built in 1972 by donations from Arsenyev's residents.
In the area surrounding Arsenyev there are also many archaeological and natural monuments, acquainting visitors with the culture of the ancient tribes inhabiting these lands, with relicts and endemic plants and animals.
Arsenyev's History Museum was opened in 1969. Over 40,000 exhibits are displayed, including the personal belongings of the first dwellers of the Semyonovka settlement, a collection of butterflies found in Central Primorye, ethnographic and archaeological collections. The museum attracts about 35,000 people a year.
Primorsky Krai
Primorsky Krai , informally known as Primorye , is a federal subject of Russia . Primorsky means "maritime" in Russian, hence the region is sometimes referred to as Maritime Province or Maritime Territory. Its administrative center is in the city of Vladivostok...
, Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
, located about 250 kilometres (155.3 mi) northeast of Vladivostok
Vladivostok
The city is located in the southern extremity of Muravyov-Amursky Peninsula, which is about 30 km long and approximately 12 km wide.The highest point is Mount Kholodilnik, the height of which is 257 m...
. Population:
History
The history of Arsenyev begins in 1895, when the settlement of Semyonovka was founded. The first settlement dwellers were the Old BelieversOld Believers
In the context of Russian Orthodox church history, the Old Believers separated after 1666 from the official Russian Orthodox Church as a protest against church reforms introduced by Patriarch Nikon between 1652–66...
. In 1901 the migrant peasants from what is now Poltava Oblast
Poltava Oblast
Poltava Oblast is an oblast of central Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Poltava.Other important cities within the oblast include: Komsomolsk, Kremenchuk, Lubny and Myrhorod.-Geography:...
, Ukraine
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
settled here. In 1937, the settlement was connected to the Trans-Siberian Railway
Trans-Siberian Railway
The Trans-Siberian Railway is a network of railways connecting Moscow with the Russian Far East and the Sea of Japan. It is the longest railway in the world...
by a branch-line. In 1940, the first aviation plant in the Russian Far East
Russian Far East
Russian Far East is a term that refers to the Russian part of the Far East, i.e., extreme east parts of Russia, between Lake Baikal in Eastern Siberia and the Pacific Ocean...
, which is now called Progress Arsenyev Aircraft Works, was built in Semyonovka. In 1952, Semyonovka was granted town status and renamed Arsenyev, after Vladimir Arsenyev
Vladimir Arsenyev
Vladimir Klavdiyevich Arsenyev was a Russian explorer of the Far East who recounted his travels in a series of books - "По Уссурийскому Краю" and "Дерсу Узала" - telling of his military journeys to the Ussuri basin with Dersu Uzala, a native hunter, from 1902 to 1907...
, an explorer of the Far East, a scientist, a traveler, and a writer, who visited Semyonovka in 1912.
Climate
The climate of the town is characterized by a great contrast between summer and winter temperatures in comparison with the coastal Primorye. The average temperature in January is -18 C. The average temperature in July is 21 °C (69.8 °F). The absolute low recorded was -46 C, record high was 39 °C (102.2 °F). Spring is characterized by an increase of 10°C in the average daily temperature from March through April. The annual precipitationPrecipitation (meteorology)
In meteorology, precipitation In meteorology, precipitation In meteorology, precipitation (also known as one of the classes of hydrometeors, which are atmospheric water phenomena is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls under gravity. The main forms of precipitation...
is 701 millimetres (27.6 in), the annual humidity is 71%. The soil freezes as deep as 2 metres (6.6 ft)
Nature
Within the precincts of the town there are large clayClay
Clay is a general term including many combinations of one or more clay minerals with traces of metal oxides and organic matter. Geologic clay deposits are mostly composed of phyllosilicate minerals containing variable amounts of water trapped in the mineral structure.- Formation :Clay minerals...
deposits that are used by the local plant of construction materials. There are granite
Granite
Granite is a common and widely occurring type of intrusive, felsic, igneous rock. Granite usually has a medium- to coarse-grained texture. Occasionally some individual crystals are larger than the groundmass, in which case the texture is known as porphyritic. A granitic rock with a porphyritic...
and basalt
Basalt
Basalt is a common extrusive volcanic rock. It is usually grey to black and fine-grained due to rapid cooling of lava at the surface of a planet. It may be porphyritic containing larger crystals in a fine matrix, or vesicular, or frothy scoria. Unweathered basalt is black or grey...
beds within 10–12 km distance from the town. The suburban flora includes Japanese Yew
Taxus cuspidata
Taxus cuspidata is a member of the genus Taxus, native to Japan, Korea, northeast China and the extreme southeast of Russia....
(Taxus cuspidata), Amur velvet, Manchurian Walnut
Walnut
Juglans is a plant genus of the family Juglandaceae, the seeds of which are known as walnuts. They are deciduous trees, 10–40 meters tall , with pinnate leaves 200–900 millimetres long , with 5–25 leaflets; the shoots have chambered pith, a character shared with the wingnuts , but not the hickories...
(Juglans mandschurica), Ermann's Birch
Birch
Birch is a tree or shrub of the genus Betula , in the family Betulaceae, closely related to the beech/oak family, Fagaceae. The Betula genus contains 30–60 known taxa...
(Betula ermannii), Eleutherococcus
Araliaceae
Araliaceae is a family of flowering plants, also known as the Aralia family or Ivy family. The family includes 254 species of trees, shrubs, lianas and perennial herbaceous plants into 2 subfamilies...
, Lotus
Nelumbo nucifera
Nelumbo nucifera, known by a number of names including Indian Lotus, Sacred Lotus, Bean of India, or simply Lotus, is a plant in the monogeneric family Nelumbonaceae...
(Nelumbo nucifera, a rare and very beautiful water-plant that can be found in several small lakes twelve kilometers from Arsenyev). There is a variety of fauna species in the area, including mammal
Mammal
Mammals are members of a class of air-breathing vertebrate animals characterised by the possession of endothermy, hair, three middle ear bones, and mammary glands functional in mothers with young...
s, birds, and insects characteristic of Primorye. The tiger
Tiger
The tiger is the largest cat species, reaching a total body length of up to and weighing up to . Their most recognizable feature is a pattern of dark vertical stripes on reddish-orange fur with lighter underparts...
(Panthera tigris), wildcat
Felis
Felis is a genus of cats in the family Felidae, including the familiar domestic cat and its closest wild relatives. The wild species are distributed widely across Europe, southern and central Asia, and Africa; the domestic cat has been introduced worldwide.Members of the genus Felis are all small...
(Felis spp.), mandarin duck
Mandarin Duck
The Mandarin Duck , or just Mandarin, is a medium-sized perching duck, closely related to the North American Wood Duck. It is 41–49 cm long with a 65–75 cm wingspan.-Description:...
(Aix galericulata), several species of unique butterflies including Catocala and species of Noctuid moth can be found.
The town location is compact and comfortable. It is a green town in summer. There is much snow during winter in Arsenyev, and this creates perfect conditions for skiing around the town. Arsenyev is surrounded by an almost untouched Ussuri taiga
Taiga
Taiga , also known as the boreal forest, is a biome characterized by coniferous forests.Taiga is the world's largest terrestrial biome. In North America it covers most of inland Canada and Alaska as well as parts of the extreme northern continental United States and is known as the Northwoods...
. The ecological situation in Arsenyev is more favorable in comparison with other cities and towns of the krai, due to the absence of polluting enterprises in the town and its suburbs.
Business and industry
As of 1999, the economy of the town is dominated by state enterprises. The proportion of their employees comprises two-thirds of able-bodied population. Other industries employ an additional 12,000 people. There are about 4,000 unemployed in Arsenyev. The largest enterprise of the town are Askold Shipbuilding Plant and Progress, producing generally products for defense. At present the volume of the output has been lowered due to the reduction of demand for military products. The high prices of raw materials have led to a halt in the production of umbrellaUmbrella
An umbrella or parasol is a canopy designed to protect against rain or sunlight. The term parasol usually refers to an item designed to protect from the sun; umbrella refers to a device more suited to protect from rain...
s, furniture
Furniture
Furniture is the mass noun for the movable objects intended to support various human activities such as seating and sleeping in beds, to hold objects at a convenient height for work using horizontal surfaces above the ground, or to store things...
, and baby prams, that were by-products of Askold and Progress. All of this constitutes a threat to unemployment to most of the town population, which has been employed by these two plants. One possible solution to the problem is exporting military helicopters of Progress Stock Company, which have received worldwide approval. Due to the highly technical industries located there, Arsenyev is characterized by a larger proportion of specialists with higher education compared with other cities of the Krai.
Tourism
Arsenyev is situated between the Blue and Eastern-Blue Ranges of the Sikhote-AlinSikhote-Alin
The Sikhote-Alin is a mountain range in Primorsky and Khabarovsk Krais, Russia, extending about 900 km to the northeast of the Russian Pacific seaport of Vladivostok...
, on the right bank of the Arsenyevka river
Arsenyevka River
Arsenyevka River is a left tributary of Ussuri River in Anuchinsky and Yakovlevsky Districts, Primorsky Krai.The length of river is approximately 294 km, and basin area is 7,060 km². It rises on western slope of Sikhote-Alin....
(the Ussuri
Ussuri River
The Usuri ula is a river in the south of the Outer Manchuria and east of Inner Manchuria . It rises in the Sikhote-Alin range, flowing north, forming part of the Sino-Russian border based on the Sino-Russian Convention of Peking in 1860, until it joins the Amur River at Khabarovsk . It is...
's tributary
Tributary
A tributary or affluent is a stream or river that flows into a main stem river or a lake. A tributary does not flow directly into a sea or ocean...
). The river is 294 km (200 mi) long. The valley of the Arsenyevka river is 2–3 km (1–2 mi) wide. The river is the source of water for the town and for the rice plantations of the adjacent Anuchinsky District
Anuchinsky District
Anuchinsky District is an administrative and municipal district of Primorsky Krai, Russia; one of the twenty-two in the krai. It is located in the southern portion of the krai and borders with Spassky District in the north, Yakovlevsky District and the territory of the town of Arsenyev in the...
. In 1954, a dam was constructed on the Dachnaya River (the Arsenyevka
Arsenyevka River
Arsenyevka River is a left tributary of Ussuri River in Anuchinsky and Yakovlevsky Districts, Primorsky Krai.The length of river is approximately 294 km, and basin area is 7,060 km². It rises on western slope of Sikhote-Alin....
's tributary). It is located in the center of Arsenyev, forming a pool with fountains. The town park is adjacent to it. This is the favorite recreation place of the town's residents. The water reservoir for the town is located on the upper reaches of the Dachnaya river. The town of Arsenyev is built on flat land.
Arsenyev is an attraction primarily for lovers of mountain-skiing. There is a mountain-skiing base in Arsenyev. There is much snow in the Arsenyev area in winter. The mountain normally used for mountain skiers is 10 km (7 mi) from the town and rises as high as 870 m (2,854 ft) above sea level
Sea level
Mean sea level is a measure of the average height of the ocean's surface ; used as a standard in reckoning land elevation...
. Training for mountain-skiing beginners is available. Tourists are welcome on week-ends. You can stop at the Salyut recreation center at the foot of the mountain.
Sightseeing
There is a monument to Maxim GorkyMaxim Gorky
Alexei Maximovich Peshkov , primarily known as Maxim Gorky , was a Russian and Soviet author, a founder of the Socialist Realism literary method and a political activist.-Early years:...
, founded in 1958 in the public garden on Gorky Avenue.
The Uvalnaya Hill displays the monument to Russian explorer Vladimir Arsenyev
Vladimir Arsenyev
Vladimir Klavdiyevich Arsenyev was a Russian explorer of the Far East who recounted his travels in a series of books - "По Уссурийскому Краю" and "Дерсу Узала" - telling of his military journeys to the Ussuri basin with Dersu Uzala, a native hunter, from 1902 to 1907...
and his guide gol'd Dersu Uzala
Dersu Uzala
Dersu Uzala is the title of a 1923 book by the Russian explorer Vladimir Arsenyev.-Plot:Arsenyev's book tells of his travels in the Ussuri basin in the Russian Far East. Dersu was the name of a Nanai hunter who acted as a guide for Arsenyev's surveying crew from 1902 to 1907, and saved them from...
("Uza" is more correct in gol'd lang.), built in 1972 by donations from Arsenyev's residents.
In the area surrounding Arsenyev there are also many archaeological and natural monuments, acquainting visitors with the culture of the ancient tribes inhabiting these lands, with relicts and endemic plants and animals.
Arsenyev's History Museum was opened in 1969. Over 40,000 exhibits are displayed, including the personal belongings of the first dwellers of the Semyonovka settlement, a collection of butterflies found in Central Primorye, ethnographic and archaeological collections. The museum attracts about 35,000 people a year.