Antidiarrhoeal

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Types

• Electrolyte
  Electrolyte
  
  An electrolyte is any substance containing free ions that behaves as an electrical conductor medium. Because they generally consist of ions in solution, electrolytes are also known as ionic solutions, but molten electrolytes and solid electrolytes are also possible....
   solutions are used to replace lost fluids and salt
  Salt
  
  A salt, in chemistry, is defined as the product formed from the neutralisation reaction of acids and base . Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions so that the product is electrically electric charge ....
  s in acute cases.
• Bulking agents like methylcellulose
  Methylcellulose
  
  Methyl cellulose is a chemical compound derived from cellulose. It is a hydrophile white powder in pure form and dissolves in cold water, forming a clear viscous solution or gel....
  , guar gum
  Guar gum
  
  Guar gum, also called guaran, is a galactomannan. It is primarily the ground endosperm of guar beans. The guar seeds are dehusked, milled and screened to obtain the guar gum....
   or plant fibre
  Dietary fiber
  
  Dietary fiber, sometimes called "roughage", is the indigestible portion of plant foods that pushes food through the digestive system, absorbing water and easing defecation....
   (bran
  Bran
  
  Bran is the hard outer layer of grain and consists of combined aleurone and pericarp. Along with cereal germ, it is an integral part of whole grains, and is often produced as a by-product of milling in the production of refined grains....
  , sterculia
  Sterculia
  
  Sterculia is a genus colloquially termed the tropical chestnuts.Sterculia species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including the leaf-miner Bucculatricidae, which feeds exclusively on the genus....
  , ispaghul, etc.) are used for diarrhea in functional bowel disease and to control ileostomy
  Ileostomy
  
  An ileostomy is a stoma that has been constructed by bringing the end or loop of small intestine out onto the surface of the skin. Intestinal waste passes out of the ileostomy and is collected in an external Ostomy pouching system stuck to the skin....
   output.
• Absorbent
  Absorption (chemistry)
  
  File:Absorber.svgAbsorption, in chemistry, is a physical or chemical phenomenon or a Process in which atoms, molecules, or ions enter some bulk phase - gas, liquid or solid material....
  s absorb toxic substances that cause infective diarrhea, methylcellulose is an absorbent as well.
• Opioid
  Opioid
  
  An opioid is a chemical substance that has a morphine-like action in the body. The main use is for analgesia. These agents work by binding to opioid receptors, which are found principally in the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract....
  s' classical use besides pain relief is as an anti-diarrheal drug. Opioids have agonist
  Agonist
  
  An agonist is a term used to describe a type of Ligand or drug that binds and alters the activity of a Receptor . The ability to alter the activity of a receptor, also known as the agonist's efficacy is a property that distinguishes it from receptor antagonist, a type of receptor ligand which also binds a receptor but which does not alter t...
   actions on the intestinal opioid receptors, which when activated cause constipation
  Constipation
  
  Constipation, costiveness, or irregularity, is a condition of the digestive system in which a person experiences hard feces that are difficult to expel....
  . Drugs such as morphine
  Morphine
  
  Morphine is a highly potent opiate analgesic Medication, is the principal active agent in opium, and is considered to be the prototypical opioid....
   or codeine
  Codeine
  
  Codeine or methylmorphine is an opiate used for its analgesic, Cough medicine and Antidiarrhoeal properties. It is by far the most widely used opiate in the world and probably the most commonly used drug overall according to numerous reports over the years by organizations such as the World Health Organization and its League of Nations...
   can be used to relieve diarrhea this way. A notable opioid for the purpose of relief of diarrhea is Loperamide
  Loperamide
  
  Loperamide, a synthetic piperidine derivative, is a medication effective against diarrhea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease....
   which only is an agonist of the µ opioid receptor
  Mu Opioid receptor
  
  The ? opioid receptors are a class of opioid receptors with high affinity for enkephalins and beta-endorphin but low affinity for dynorphins....
  s in the large intestine and does not have opioid affects in the central nervous system
  Central nervous system
  
  The central nervous system is the part of the nervous system that functions to coordinate the activity of all parts of the bodies of multicellular organisms....
   as it doesn't cross the blood brain barrier
  Blood-brain barrier
  
  The blood-brain barrier is a metabolic or cellular structure in the central nervous system that restricts the passage of various chemical substances and microscopic objects between the bloodstream and the neural tissue itself, while still allowing the passage of substances essential to metabolism function ....
   in significant amounts. This enables loperamide it to be used to the same benefit as other opioid drugs but without the CNS side effects or potential for abuse.

See also

• ATC_code_A07#A07F_Antidiarrheal_micro-organisms
  ATC code A07
  
  A07 Antidiarrheals, intestinal anti-inflammatory/anti-infective agents is a therapeutic subgroup of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System....