Yuly Rybakov
Encyclopedia
Yuly Andreyevuch Rybakov (25 February 1946) is a human rights
activist, a former member of the State Duma
(1993–2003), a former Chairman of the Subcommittee on Human Rights (2000–2003), the founder of the magazine "Terra incognita", a former political prisoner.
, Kemerovo Oblast
in Siberia, at a camp for political prisoners
, to a family of naval officers from St. Petersburg. His parents were illegally purged. In 1974 Rybakov finished art school, college, and later studied at the Ilya Repin Leningrad Institute for Painting
.
He was arrested by the KGB
in 1976 for taking part in the dissident movement for human rights, as well as the distribution of Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
's books, leaflets and creating slogans (such as the inscription on the wall of the bastion of the Czar's Peter and Paul Fortress
: "you may crucify freedom, but the human soul knows no shackles"). He was arrested under the 70th ( "anti-Soviet") article of the Criminal Code. He was convicted for a particularly daring act of "hooliganism" and embezzlement to 6 years imprisonment at a stronger prison regime. In 1982 he returned to Leningrad
and studied law. In 1988 he became one of the organizers and leaders of the Leningrad branch of the Democratic Union
Party, which stated publicly its goal to eliminate the Communist Party's monopoly on power and establish democracy in Russia.
In 1990 he was elected to the Leningrad City Council, and organized the first state commission on human rights.
In 1993 elected to the State Duma
.
After the death of Galina Starovoytova, he headed the Democratic Russia
Party. He resigned as chairman in October 2000
. In the same year, he was elected to the State Duma of III convocation.
In March 2010
, he signed an address of the Russian opposition, entitled Putin must go
.
, Rybakov, together with the State Duma Sergei Kovalev
and Viktor Kurochkin, on behalf of Prime Minister Viktor Chernomyrdin
negotiated with Shamil Basayev
, who seized the hospital. The talks failed to agree on the release of most hostages - to ensure the safety of terrorists along with them on the buses back to Chechnya, only 140 volunteers were to go, including negotiators. In the village of Zandag, Rybakov was released along with the other hostages.
During the war in Chechnya from 1996-1999
, Rybakov participated in the liberation of 2,500 servicemen who were in Chechen captivity.
From 2000 to 2003 he was chairman of the Subcommittee on Human Rights of the State Duma
.
Since 2006 he was member of the Yabloko
Party, co-chair the human rights group in the party Yabloko.
Since 2007 he has not been in a political party.
In June 2007, the "Human Rights Council of St. Petersburg" was formed, which included several human rights organizations and defenders such as Yuli Rybakov, Yuriy Nesterov, Natalia Evdokimova and Leonid Romankov.
Human rights
Human rights are "commonly understood as inalienable fundamental rights to which a person is inherently entitled simply because she or he is a human being." Human rights are thus conceived as universal and egalitarian . These rights may exist as natural rights or as legal rights, in both national...
activist, a former member of the State Duma
State Duma
The State Duma , common abbreviation: Госду́ма ) in the Russian Federation is the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia , the upper house being the Federation Council of Russia. The Duma headquarters is located in central Moscow, a few steps from Manege Square. Its members are referred to...
(1993–2003), a former Chairman of the Subcommittee on Human Rights (2000–2003), the founder of the magazine "Terra incognita", a former political prisoner.
Biography
Yuli Rybakov was born in 1946 in MariinskMariinsk
Mariinsk is a town in Kemerovo Oblast, Russia, located on the Kiya River northeast of Kemerovo. Population: 39,700 .It was founded in the 18th century as the village of Kiyskoye . In 1856, it was granted town status and renamed Mariinsk after Empress Maria, consort of Alexander II, one...
, Kemerovo Oblast
Kemerovo Oblast
Kemerovo Oblast , also known as Kuzbass after the Kuznetsk Basin, is a federal subject of Russia , located in southwestern Siberia, where the West Siberian Plain meets the South Siberian mountains...
in Siberia, at a camp for political prisoners
Gulag
The Gulag was the government agency that administered the main Soviet forced labor camp systems. While the camps housed a wide range of convicts, from petty criminals to political prisoners, large numbers were convicted by simplified procedures, such as NKVD troikas and other instruments of...
, to a family of naval officers from St. Petersburg. His parents were illegally purged. In 1974 Rybakov finished art school, college, and later studied at the Ilya Repin Leningrad Institute for Painting
Imperial Academy of Arts
The Russian Academy of Arts, informally known as the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, was founded in 1757 by Ivan Shuvalov under the name Academy of the Three Noblest Arts. Catherine the Great renamed it the Imperial Academy of Arts and commissioned a new building, completed 25 years later in 1789...
.
He was arrested by the KGB
KGB
The KGB was the commonly used acronym for the . It was the national security agency of the Soviet Union from 1954 until 1991, and was the premier internal security, intelligence, and secret police organization during that time.The State Security Agency of the Republic of Belarus currently uses the...
in 1976 for taking part in the dissident movement for human rights, as well as the distribution of Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn was aRussian and Soviet novelist, dramatist, and historian. Through his often-suppressed writings, he helped to raise global awareness of the Gulag, the Soviet Union's forced labor camp system – particularly in The Gulag Archipelago and One Day in the Life of...
's books, leaflets and creating slogans (such as the inscription on the wall of the bastion of the Czar's Peter and Paul Fortress
Peter and Paul Fortress
The Peter and Paul Fortress is the original citadel of St. Petersburg, Russia, founded by Peter the Great in 1703 and built to Domenico Trezzini's designs from 1706-1740.-History:...
: "you may crucify freedom, but the human soul knows no shackles"). He was arrested under the 70th ( "anti-Soviet") article of the Criminal Code. He was convicted for a particularly daring act of "hooliganism" and embezzlement to 6 years imprisonment at a stronger prison regime. In 1982 he returned to Leningrad
Leningrad
Leningrad is the former name of Saint Petersburg, Russia.Leningrad may also refer to:- Places :* Leningrad Oblast, a federal subject of Russia, around Saint Petersburg* Leningrad, Tajikistan, capital of Muminobod district in Khatlon Province...
and studied law. In 1988 he became one of the organizers and leaders of the Leningrad branch of the Democratic Union
Democratic Union (Russia)
Democratic Union is a Russian liberal party led by a controversial Russian female politician Valeria Novodvorskaya. The orientation has been radically liberal and pro-reform...
Party, which stated publicly its goal to eliminate the Communist Party's monopoly on power and establish democracy in Russia.
In 1990 he was elected to the Leningrad City Council, and organized the first state commission on human rights.
In 1993 elected to the State Duma
State Duma
The State Duma , common abbreviation: Госду́ма ) in the Russian Federation is the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia , the upper house being the Federation Council of Russia. The Duma headquarters is located in central Moscow, a few steps from Manege Square. Its members are referred to...
.
After the death of Galina Starovoytova, he headed the Democratic Russia
Democratic Russia
Democratic Russia was generic name for several political entities that played a transformative role in Russia's transition from Communist rule:...
Party. He resigned as chairman in October 2000
October 2000
October 2000: January – February – March – April – May – June – July – August – September – October – November – December-----October 1, 2000:...
. In the same year, he was elected to the State Duma of III convocation.
In March 2010
March 2010
March 2010 was the third month of that year. It began on a Monday and ended after 31 days on a Wednesday.- Portal:Current events :This is an archived version of Wikipedia's Current events Portal from March 2010....
, he signed an address of the Russian opposition, entitled Putin must go
Putin must go
"Putin must go" is a website and a public campaign of the same name organised for the collection of signatures under an open letter demanding the resignation of the Prime Minister of Russia Vladimir Putin...
.
Events in Budennovsk
In 1995, in the midst of Budyonnovsk hospital hostage crisisBudyonnovsk hospital hostage crisis
The Budyonnovsk hospital hostage crisis took place from 14 June to 19 June 1995, when a group of 80 to 200 Chechen terrorists led by Shamil Basayev attacked the southern Russian city of Budyonnovsk , some north of the border with the Russian republic of Chechnya...
, Rybakov, together with the State Duma Sergei Kovalev
Sergei Kovalev
Sergei Kovalev is a Russian human rights activist and politician and a former Soviet dissident and political prisoner.- Early career and arrest :...
and Viktor Kurochkin, on behalf of Prime Minister Viktor Chernomyrdin
Viktor Chernomyrdin
Viktor Stepanovich Chernomyrdin was the founder and the first chairman of the Gazprom energy company, the longest serving Prime Minister of Russia and Acting President of Russia for a day in 1996. He was a key figure in Russian politics in the 1990s, and a great contributor to the Russian...
negotiated with Shamil Basayev
Shamil Basayev
Shamil Salmanovich Basayev was a Chechen militant Islamist and a leader of the Chechen rebel movement.Starting as a field commander in the Transcaucasus, Basayev led guerrilla campaigns against the Russian troops for years, as well as launching mass-hostage takings of civilians, with his goal...
, who seized the hospital. The talks failed to agree on the release of most hostages - to ensure the safety of terrorists along with them on the buses back to Chechnya, only 140 volunteers were to go, including negotiators. In the village of Zandag, Rybakov was released along with the other hostages.
Advocacy of Human Rights
In 1990 Rybakov created the first Soviet Human Rights Commission. Member of the International Society for Human Rights, the editorial board of the journals "The Edge" and "Seeding" partnership "Free Culture".During the war in Chechnya from 1996-1999
Second Chechen War
The Second Chechen War, in a later phase better known as the War in the North Caucasus, was launched by the Russian Federation starting 26 August 1999, in response to the Invasion of Dagestan by the Islamic International Peacekeeping Brigade ....
, Rybakov participated in the liberation of 2,500 servicemen who were in Chechen captivity.
From 2000 to 2003 he was chairman of the Subcommittee on Human Rights of the State Duma
State Duma
The State Duma , common abbreviation: Госду́ма ) in the Russian Federation is the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia , the upper house being the Federation Council of Russia. The Duma headquarters is located in central Moscow, a few steps from Manege Square. Its members are referred to...
.
Since 2006 he was member of the Yabloko
Yabloko
The Russian United Democratic Party "Yabloko" The Russian United Democratic Party "Yabloko" The Russian United Democratic Party "Yabloko" (Russian: Росси́йская объединённая демократи́ческая па́ртия «Я́блоко» Rossiyskaya obyedinyonnaya demokraticheskaya partiya "Yabloko"; is a Russian social...
Party, co-chair the human rights group in the party Yabloko.
Since 2007 he has not been in a political party.
In June 2007, the "Human Rights Council of St. Petersburg" was formed, which included several human rights organizations and defenders such as Yuli Rybakov, Yuriy Nesterov, Natalia Evdokimova and Leonid Romankov.
Quotes
- "You may crucify freedom, but the human soul knows no shackles." (Made for the Czar bastion of the fortress, in 1976)
- "Lawlessness and lawlessness have become the usual norm of Russian life. Law and justice in our country is Terra incognita, an unknown land; we are just starting to settle in."
- "Explosions in the Moscow metro is the result of the criminal policy of Russia in the Caucasus and Chechnya in the first place."
External links
- Rybakov's website "Human rights" (Russian/English)
- Law and Order - Terra incognita (Human Rights Almanac) (Russian)
- Interview on the book of memoirs on Radio Liberty
- Article on the book of memoirs "My Century" by Yuli Rybakov's on "Novaya Gazeta" (Russian)
- The "Soloveckii Stone" in St. Petersburg set up two artists (Russian/English)
- Members of the "Human Rights Council of St. Petersburg" (Russian)
- The "Soloveckii Stone" in St. Petersburg (Russian/English)