XML Paper Specification
Encyclopedia
Open XML Paper Specification (also referred to as OpenXPS), is an open specification for a page description language
and a fixed-document format originally developed by Microsoft
as XML Paper Specification (XPS) that was later standardized by Ecma International
as international standard ECMA-388. It is an XML
-based (more precisely XAML-based) specification, based on a new print path and a color-managed
vector-based
document format that supports device independence
and resolution independence
. OpenXPS was standardized as an open standard
document format on June 16, 2009.
, allowing it to incorporate vector-graphic
elements in documents, using XAML to mark up the Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) primitives. The elements used are described in terms of paths and other geometrical primitives.
An XPS file is in fact a Unicode
d ZIP
archive using the Open Packaging Conventions, containing the files which make up the document. These include an XML markup file for each page, text, embedded fonts
, raster images, 2D vector graphics
, as well as the digital rights management
information. The contents of an XPS file can be examined simply by opening it in an application which supports ZIP files.
s, transparencies
, CMYK color space
s, printer calibration
, multiple-ink systems and print schemas
. XPS supports the Windows Color System
color management
technology for color conversion precision across devices and higher dynamic range. It also includes a software raster image processor (RIP)
which is downloadable separately. The print subsystem also has support for named colors
, simplifying color definition for images transmitted to printers supporting those colors.
XPS also supports HD Photo images natively for raster images. The XPS format used in the spool file represents advanced graphics effects such as 3D images, glow effects, and gradients as Windows Presentation Foundation primitives, which are processed by the printer drivers without rasterization
, preventing rendering artifacts and reducing computational load.
's PDF
format, XPS is a fixed-layout document format designed to preserve document fidelity, providing device-independent document appearance. PDF is a database of objects, created from PostScript
and also directly generated from many applications, whereas XPS is based on XML. Both formats are compressed
, albeit using different methods. The filter pipeline architecture of XPS is also similar to the one used in printers supporting the PostScript page description language. PDF includes dynamic capabilities not supported by the XPS format.
Because the printing architecture of Windows Vista uses XPS as the spooler format, it has native support for generating and reading XPS documents. XPS documents can be created by printing to the virtual
XPS printer driver
. The XPS Viewer is installed by default in Windows Vista
and Windows 7. The viewer is hosted within Internet Explorer
(IE) in Windows Vista, but is a native application in 7 which supports digital signatures. The IE-hosted XPS viewer and the XPS Document Writer are also available to Windows XP
users when they download the .NET Framework
3.0. The IE-hosted viewer supports digital rights management
and digital signature
s. Users who do not wish to view XPS documents in the browser can download the XPS Essentials Pack, which includes a standalone viewer and the XPS Document Writer. The XPS Essentials Pack also includes providers to enable the IPreview and IFilter capabilities used by Windows Desktop Search
, as well as shell handlers to enable thumbnail views and file properties for XPS documents in Windows Explorer
. The XPS Essentials Pack is available for Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, and Windows Vista. Installing this pack enables operating system
s prior to Windows Vista to use the XPS print spooler instead of the GDI-based WinPrint, which can produce better quality prints for printers that support XPS in hardware (directly consume the format). The print spooler format on these operating systems when printing to older, non-XPS-aware printers, however, remains unchanged.
, Sharp
, Canon
, Epson, Hewlett-Packard
, and Xerox
and software and hardware companies such as Software Imaging
, Pagemark Technology Inc., Informative Graphics Corp. (IGC), NiXPS NV, Zoran, and Global Graphics
.
Native XPS printers have been introduced by Canon, Konica Minolta, Toshiba
, and Xerox.
Devices at the Certified for Windows level of Windows Logo conformance
certification have been required to have XPS drivers for printing since 1 June 2007.
was chosen by Microsoft
to provide consultancy and proof of concept development services on XPS and worked with the Windows development teams on the specification and reference architecture for the new format.
Microsoft submitted the XPS specification to Ecma International
.
In June 2007 Ecma International Technical Committee 46 (TC46) was set up to develop a standard based on the Open XML Paper Specification (OpenXPS).
At the 97th General Assembly held in Budapest
, June 16, 2009, Ecma International approved Open XML Paper Specification (OpenXPS) as an Ecma standard (ECMA-388).
TC46's members are:
Page description language
A page description language is a language that describes the appearance of a printed page in a higher level than an actual output bitmap. An overlapping term is printer control language, but it should not be confused as referring solely to Hewlett-Packard's PCL...
and a fixed-document format originally developed by Microsoft
Microsoft
Microsoft Corporation is an American public multinational corporation headquartered in Redmond, Washington, USA that develops, manufactures, licenses, and supports a wide range of products and services predominantly related to computing through its various product divisions...
as XML Paper Specification (XPS) that was later standardized by Ecma International
Ecma International
Ecma International is an international, private non-profit standards organization for information and communication systems. It acquired its name in 1994, when the European Computer Manufacturers Association changed its name to reflect the organization's global reach and activities...
as international standard ECMA-388. It is an XML
XML
Extensible Markup Language is a set of rules for encoding documents in machine-readable form. It is defined in the XML 1.0 Specification produced by the W3C, and several other related specifications, all gratis open standards....
-based (more precisely XAML-based) specification, based on a new print path and a color-managed
Color management
In digital imaging systems, color management is the controlled conversion between the color representations of various devices, such as image scanners, digital cameras, monitors, TV screens, film printers, computer printers, offset presses, and corresponding media.The primary goal of color...
vector-based
Vector graphics
Vector graphics is the use of geometrical primitives such as points, lines, curves, and shapes or polygon, which are all based on mathematical expressions, to represent images in computer graphics...
document format that supports device independence
Device Independence
Device independence is the process of making a software application be able to function on a wide variety of devices regardless of the local hardware on which the software is used.- Desktop computing :...
and resolution independence
Resolution independence
In computing, resolution independence is the concept that elements on a computer screen can be drawn at sizes independent from the pixel grid. This is done so that those with larger screens and more compact screens can still view the UI at the same size....
. OpenXPS was standardized as an open standard
Open standard
An open standard is a standard that is publicly available and has various rights to use associated with it, and may also have various properties of how it was designed . There is no single definition and interpretations vary with usage....
document format on June 16, 2009.
Format
The XPS document format consists of structured XML markup that defines the layout of a document and the visual appearance of each page, along with rendering rules for distributing, archiving, rendering, processing and printing the documents. Notably, the markup language for XPS is a subset of XAMLXAML
Extensible Application Markup Language is a declarative XML-based language created by Microsoft used for initializing structured values and objects. It is available under Microsoft's Open Specification Promise...
, allowing it to incorporate vector-graphic
Vector graphics
Vector graphics is the use of geometrical primitives such as points, lines, curves, and shapes or polygon, which are all based on mathematical expressions, to represent images in computer graphics...
elements in documents, using XAML to mark up the Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) primitives. The elements used are described in terms of paths and other geometrical primitives.
An XPS file is in fact a Unicode
Unicode
Unicode is a computing industry standard for the consistent encoding, representation and handling of text expressed in most of the world's writing systems...
d ZIP
ZIP (file format)
Zip is a file format used for data compression and archiving. A zip file contains one or more files that have been compressed, to reduce file size, or stored as is...
archive using the Open Packaging Conventions, containing the files which make up the document. These include an XML markup file for each page, text, embedded fonts
Odttf
ODTTF is an embedded font file type used in Microsoft's XML Paper Specification and Microsoft Office 2007 formats. The file type refers to an obfuscated subsetted font based on the fonts used in the original document....
, raster images, 2D vector graphics
Vector graphics
Vector graphics is the use of geometrical primitives such as points, lines, curves, and shapes or polygon, which are all based on mathematical expressions, to represent images in computer graphics...
, as well as the digital rights management
Digital rights management
Digital rights management is a class of access control technologies that are used by hardware manufacturers, publishers, copyright holders and individuals with the intent to limit the use of digital content and devices after sale. DRM is any technology that inhibits uses of digital content that...
information. The contents of an XPS file can be examined simply by opening it in an application which supports ZIP files.
Features
XPS specifies a set of document layout functionality for paged, printable documents. It also has support for features such as color gradientColor gradient
In computer graphics, a color gradient specifies a range of position-dependent colors, usually used to fill a region. For example, many window managers allow the screen background to be specified as a gradient...
s, transparencies
Transparency (graphic)
Transparency is possible in a number of graphics file formats. The term transparency is used in various ways by different people, but at its simplest there is "full transparency" i.e. something that is completely invisible. Of course, only part of a graphic should be fully transparent, or there...
, CMYK color space
Color space
A color model is an abstract mathematical model describing the way colors can be represented as tuples of numbers, typically as three or four values or color components...
s, printer calibration
Color calibration
The aim of color calibration is to measure and/or adjust the color response of a device to a known state. In ICC terms this is the basis for a additional color characterization of the device and later profiling. In non ICC workflows calibration refers sometimes to establishing a known relationship...
, multiple-ink systems and print schemas
XML schema
An XML schema is a description of a type of XML document, typically expressed in terms of constraints on the structure and content of documents of that type, above and beyond the basic syntactical constraints imposed by XML itself...
. XPS supports the Windows Color System
Windows Color System
Windows Color System is a platform for color management first included with Windows Vista that aims to achieve color consistency across various software and hardware, including cameras, monitors, printers and scanners. Different devices interpret the same colors differently, according to their...
color management
Color management
In digital imaging systems, color management is the controlled conversion between the color representations of various devices, such as image scanners, digital cameras, monitors, TV screens, film printers, computer printers, offset presses, and corresponding media.The primary goal of color...
technology for color conversion precision across devices and higher dynamic range. It also includes a software raster image processor (RIP)
Raster image processor
A raster image processor is a component used in a printing system which produces a raster image also known as a bitmap. The bitmap is then sent to a printing device for output. The input may be a page description in a high-level page description language such as PostScript, Portable Document...
which is downloadable separately. The print subsystem also has support for named colors
Indexed color
In computing, indexed color is a technique to manage digital images' colors in a limited fashion, in order to save computer memory and file storage, while speeding up display refresh and file transfers...
, simplifying color definition for images transmitted to printers supporting those colors.
XPS also supports HD Photo images natively for raster images. The XPS format used in the spool file represents advanced graphics effects such as 3D images, glow effects, and gradients as Windows Presentation Foundation primitives, which are processed by the printer drivers without rasterization
Rasterisation
Rasterisation is the task of taking an image described in a vector graphics format and converting it into a raster image for output on a video display or printer, or for storage in a bitmap file format....
, preventing rendering artifacts and reducing computational load.
Similarities with PDF and PostScript
Like Adobe SystemsAdobe Systems
Adobe Systems Incorporated is an American computer software company founded in 1982 and headquartered in San Jose, California, United States...
's PDF
Portable Document Format
Portable Document Format is an open standard for document exchange. This file format, created by Adobe Systems in 1993, is used for representing documents in a manner independent of application software, hardware, and operating systems....
format, XPS is a fixed-layout document format designed to preserve document fidelity, providing device-independent document appearance. PDF is a database of objects, created from PostScript
PostScript
PostScript is a dynamically typed concatenative programming language created by John Warnock and Charles Geschke in 1982. It is best known for its use as a page description language in the electronic and desktop publishing areas. Adobe PostScript 3 is also the worldwide printing and imaging...
and also directly generated from many applications, whereas XPS is based on XML. Both formats are compressed
Lossless data compression
Lossless data compression is a class of data compression algorithms that allows the exact original data to be reconstructed from the compressed data. The term lossless is in contrast to lossy data compression, which only allows an approximation of the original data to be reconstructed, in exchange...
, albeit using different methods. The filter pipeline architecture of XPS is also similar to the one used in printers supporting the PostScript page description language. PDF includes dynamic capabilities not supported by the XPS format.
Viewing and creating XPS documents
XPS is supported on several versions of Windows.Because the printing architecture of Windows Vista uses XPS as the spooler format, it has native support for generating and reading XPS documents. XPS documents can be created by printing to the virtual
Virtual printer
A virtual printer is a piece of computer software whose user interface and API resemble that of a printer driver, but which is not connected with a physical computer printer....
XPS printer driver
Printer driver
In computers, a printer driver or a print processor is a piece of software that converts the data to be printed to the form specific to a printer...
. The XPS Viewer is installed by default in Windows Vista
Windows Vista
Windows Vista is an operating system released in several variations developed by Microsoft for use on personal computers, including home and business desktops, laptops, tablet PCs, and media center PCs...
and Windows 7. The viewer is hosted within Internet Explorer
Internet Explorer
Windows Internet Explorer is a series of graphical web browsers developed by Microsoft and included as part of the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems, starting in 1995. It was first released as part of the add-on package Plus! for Windows 95 that year...
(IE) in Windows Vista, but is a native application in 7 which supports digital signatures. The IE-hosted XPS viewer and the XPS Document Writer are also available to Windows XP
Windows XP
Windows XP is an operating system produced by Microsoft for use on personal computers, including home and business desktops, laptops and media centers. First released to computer manufacturers on August 24, 2001, it is the second most popular version of Windows, based on installed user base...
users when they download the .NET Framework
.NET Framework
The .NET Framework is a software framework that runs primarily on Microsoft Windows. It includes a large library and supports several programming languages which allows language interoperability...
3.0. The IE-hosted viewer supports digital rights management
Digital rights management
Digital rights management is a class of access control technologies that are used by hardware manufacturers, publishers, copyright holders and individuals with the intent to limit the use of digital content and devices after sale. DRM is any technology that inhibits uses of digital content that...
and digital signature
Digital signature
A digital signature or digital signature scheme is a mathematical scheme for demonstrating the authenticity of a digital message or document. A valid digital signature gives a recipient reason to believe that the message was created by a known sender, and that it was not altered in transit...
s. Users who do not wish to view XPS documents in the browser can download the XPS Essentials Pack, which includes a standalone viewer and the XPS Document Writer. The XPS Essentials Pack also includes providers to enable the IPreview and IFilter capabilities used by Windows Desktop Search
Windows Search
Windows Search is an indexed desktop search platform released by Microsoft for the Windows operating system....
, as well as shell handlers to enable thumbnail views and file properties for XPS documents in Windows Explorer
Windows Explorer
This article is about the Windows file system browser. For the similarly named web browser, see Internet ExplorerWindows Explorer is a file manager application that is included with releases of the Microsoft Windows operating system from Windows 95 onwards. It provides a graphical user interface...
. The XPS Essentials Pack is available for Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, and Windows Vista. Installing this pack enables operating system
Operating system
An operating system is a set of programs that manage computer hardware resources and provide common services for application software. The operating system is the most important type of system software in a computer system...
s prior to Windows Vista to use the XPS print spooler instead of the GDI-based WinPrint, which can produce better quality prints for printers that support XPS in hardware (directly consume the format). The print spooler format on these operating systems when printing to older, non-XPS-aware printers, however, remains unchanged.
Software
| Name | Platform | Function |
|---|---|---|
| Evince Evince Evince is a document viewer for PDF, PostScript, DjVu, TIFF and DVI designed for the GNOME desktop environment.The developers of Evince intended to replace the multiple GNOME document viewers with a single and simple application. The Evince motto sums up the project aim: "Simply a Document... |
|
Evince is a document viewer for multiple document formats. It can display XPS documents thanks to libgxps. |
| Harlequin RIP Harlequin RIP The Harlequin RIP was first released in 1990 under the name “ScriptWorks” running as a command-line application to render PostScript language files under Unix... |
Microsoft Windows, Macintosh, Linux, ThreadX etc. | Render Microsoft XPS files for print or display. Used in desktop printers, digital production presses, prepress Prepress Prepress is the term used in the printing and publishing industries for the processes and procedures that occur between the creation of a print layout and the final printing... and a variety of software |
| Okular Okular Okular is the document viewer for KDE SC 4 . It is based on KPDF and it replaced KPDF, KGhostView, KFax, KFaxview and KDVI in KDE 4.Its functionality can be easily embedded in other applications.... |
Linux Linux is a Unix-like computer operating system assembled under the model of free and open source software development and distribution. The defining component of any Linux system is the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released October 5, 1991 by Linus Torvalds... FreeBSD FreeBSD is a free Unix-like operating system descended from AT&T UNIX via BSD UNIX. Although for legal reasons FreeBSD cannot be called “UNIX”, as the direct descendant of BSD UNIX , FreeBSD’s internals and system APIs are UNIX-compliant... Microsoft Windows Microsoft Windows is a series of operating systems produced by Microsoft.Microsoft introduced an operating environment named Windows on November 20, 1985 as an add-on to MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces . Microsoft Windows came to dominate the world's personal... |
Okular, the document viewer of the KDE KDE KDE is an international free software community producing an integrated set of cross-platform applications designed to run on Linux, FreeBSD, Microsoft Windows, Solaris and Mac OS X systems... project, can display XPS documents. |
| STDU Viewer STDU Viewer STDU Viewer is a compact viewer for PDF, WWF, DjVu, Comic Book Archive , FB2, XPS, TCR, multi-page TIFF, TXT, PalmDoc , EMF, WMF, BMP, GIF, JPG, JPEG, PNG, PSD, PCX, DCX files... |
Microsoft Windows | STDU Viewer and display and organize XPS documents (as well as other electronic document formats). |
| XPS Annotator XPS Annotator XPS Annotator is document management software for Microsoft Windows that allows users to view, annotate, convert, sign and print XPS documents. Software was first released in 12 March 2009... |
Microsoft Windows Microsoft Windows Microsoft Windows is a series of operating systems produced by Microsoft.Microsoft introduced an operating environment named Windows on November 20, 1985 as an add-on to MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces . Microsoft Windows came to dominate the world's personal... |
XPS Annotator can display, digitally-sign Digital signature A digital signature or digital signature scheme is a mathematical scheme for demonstrating the authenticity of a digital message or document. A valid digital signature gives a recipient reason to believe that the message was created by a known sender, and that it was not altered in transit... and annotate Annotation An annotation is a note that is made while reading any form of text. This may be as simple as underlining or highlighting passages.Annotated bibliographies give descriptions about how each source is useful to an author in constructing a paper or argument... XPS documents. In addition, it can convert XPS documents to common picture formats. |
Hardware
XPS has the support of printing companies such as Konica MinoltaKonica Minolta
is a Japanese manufacturer of office equipment, medical imaging, graphic imaging, optical devices, and measuring instruments. It is headquartered in the Marunouchi Center Building in Marunouchi, Chiyoda, Tokyo, with a Kansai office in Nishi-ku, Osaka, Osaka Prefecture...
, Sharp
Sharp Corporation
is a Japanese multinational corporation that designs and manufactures electronic products. Headquartered in Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan, Sharp employs more than 55,580 people worldwide as of June 2011. The company was founded in September 1912 and takes its name from one of its founder's first...
, Canon
Canon Inc.
is a Japanese multinational corporation that specialises in the manufacture of imaging and optical products, including cameras, camcorders, photocopiers, steppers and computer printers. Its headquarters are located in Ōta, Tokyo, Japan.-Origins:...
, Epson, Hewlett-Packard
Hewlett-Packard
Hewlett-Packard Company or HP is an American multinational information technology corporation headquartered in Palo Alto, California, USA that provides products, technologies, softwares, solutions and services to consumers, small- and medium-sized businesses and large enterprises, including...
, and Xerox
Xerox
Xerox Corporation is an American multinational document management corporation that produced and sells a range of color and black-and-white printers, multifunction systems, photo copiers, digital production printing presses, and related consulting services and supplies...
and software and hardware companies such as Software Imaging
Software Imaging
Software Imaging is an Oxford based, UK private company that is a supplier of printing and imaging solutions.Software Imaging is a solution provider to the world’s major printer & copier manufacturers....
, Pagemark Technology Inc., Informative Graphics Corp. (IGC), NiXPS NV, Zoran, and Global Graphics
Global Graphics
Global Graphics SA is a group of companies known for their digital printing products, including the Harlequin and Jaws RIPs. In May 2009 the company launched gDoc Fusion, an edocument builder software application designed for ease of use to create, review, edit, share and archive PDF and XPS...
.
Native XPS printers have been introduced by Canon, Konica Minolta, Toshiba
Toshiba
is a multinational electronics and electrical equipment corporation headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. It is a diversified manufacturer and marketer of electrical products, spanning information & communications equipment and systems, Internet-based solutions and services, electronic components and...
, and Xerox.
Devices at the Certified for Windows level of Windows Logo conformance
WHQL Testing
Windows Hardware Quality Labs testing or WHQL Testing is Microsoft's testing process which involves running a series of tests on third-party hardware or software, and then submitting the log files from these tests to Microsoft for review...
certification have been required to have XPS drivers for printing since 1 June 2007.
Licensing
To encourage wide use of the format, Microsoft has released XPS under a royalty-free patent license called the Community Promise for XPS, allowing users to create implementations of the specification that read, write and render XPS files as long as they include a notice within the source that technologies implemented may be encumbered by patents held by Microsoft. Microsoft also requires that organizations "engaged in the business of developing (i) scanners that output XPS Documents; (ii) printers that consume XPS Documents to produce hard-copy output; or (iii) print driver or raster image software products or components thereof that convert XPS Documents for the purpose of producing hard-copy output, [...] will not sue Microsoft or any of its licensees under the XML Paper Specification or customers for infringement of any XML Paper Specification Derived Patents (as defined below) on account of any manufacture, use, sale, offer for sale, importation or other disposition or promotion of any XML Paper Specification implementations." The specification itself is released under a royalty-free copyright license, allowing its free distribution.History and standardization
In 2003, Global GraphicsGlobal Graphics
Global Graphics SA is a group of companies known for their digital printing products, including the Harlequin and Jaws RIPs. In May 2009 the company launched gDoc Fusion, an edocument builder software application designed for ease of use to create, review, edit, share and archive PDF and XPS...
was chosen by Microsoft
Microsoft
Microsoft Corporation is an American public multinational corporation headquartered in Redmond, Washington, USA that develops, manufactures, licenses, and supports a wide range of products and services predominantly related to computing through its various product divisions...
to provide consultancy and proof of concept development services on XPS and worked with the Windows development teams on the specification and reference architecture for the new format.
Microsoft submitted the XPS specification to Ecma International
Ecma International
Ecma International is an international, private non-profit standards organization for information and communication systems. It acquired its name in 1994, when the European Computer Manufacturers Association changed its name to reflect the organization's global reach and activities...
.
In June 2007 Ecma International Technical Committee 46 (TC46) was set up to develop a standard based on the Open XML Paper Specification (OpenXPS).
At the 97th General Assembly held in Budapest
Budapest
Budapest is the capital of Hungary. As the largest city of Hungary, it is the country's principal political, cultural, commercial, industrial, and transportation centre. In 2011, Budapest had 1,733,685 inhabitants, down from its 1989 peak of 2,113,645 due to suburbanization. The Budapest Commuter...
, June 16, 2009, Ecma International approved Open XML Paper Specification (OpenXPS) as an Ecma standard (ECMA-388).
TC46's members are:
- AutodeskAutodeskAutodesk, Inc. is an American multinational corporation that focuses on 3D design software for use in the architecture, engineering, construction, manufacturing, media and entertainment industries. The company was founded in 1982 by John Walker, a coauthor of the first versions of the company's...
- Brother IndustriesBrother Industriesis a diversified Japanese company that produces or imports a wide variety of products including printers, sewing machines, large machine tools, label printers, and typewriters, fax machines, and other computer-related electronics. It markets its multifunction printers as Multi-Function Centers...
- Canon
- FujifilmFujifilmis a multinational photography and imaging company headquartered in Tokyo, Japan.Fujifilm's principal activities are the development, production, sale and servicing of color photographic film, digital cameras, photofinishing equipment, color paper, photofinishing chemicals, medical imaging...
- FujitsuFujitsuis a Japanese multinational information technology equipment and services company headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. It is the world's third-largest IT services provider measured by revenues....
- Global GraphicsGlobal GraphicsGlobal Graphics SA is a group of companies known for their digital printing products, including the Harlequin and Jaws RIPs. In May 2009 the company launched gDoc Fusion, an edocument builder software application designed for ease of use to create, review, edit, share and archive PDF and XPS...
- Hewlett Packard
- Konica MinoltaKonica Minoltais a Japanese manufacturer of office equipment, medical imaging, graphic imaging, optical devices, and measuring instruments. It is headquartered in the Marunouchi Center Building in Marunouchi, Chiyoda, Tokyo, with a Kansai office in Nishi-ku, Osaka, Osaka Prefecture...
- LexmarkLexmarkLexmark International, Inc. is an American corporation which develops and manufactures printing and imaging products, including laser and inkjet printers, multifunction products, printing supplies, and services for business and individual consumers...
- MicrosoftMicrosoftMicrosoft Corporation is an American public multinational corporation headquartered in Redmond, Washington, USA that develops, manufactures, licenses, and supports a wide range of products and services predominantly related to computing through its various product divisions...
- Monotype ImagingMonotype CorporationMonotype Imaging Holdings is a Delaware corporation based in Woburn, Massachusetts and specializing in typesetting and typeface design as well as text and imaging solutions for use with consumer electronics devices. Monotype Imaging Holdings is the owner of Monotype Imaging Inc., Linotype,...
- Océ TechnologiesOcéOcé N.V. is a Netherlands-based company that develops, manufactures and sells printing and copying hardware and related software. The offering includes office printing and copying systems; production printers and wide format printing systems for both technical documentation and color display...
- Pagemark Technology
- Panasonic/Matsushita
- QualityLogic
- RicohRicohor Ricoh, is a Japanese company that was established in 1936 on February 6th, as , a company in the RIKEN zaibatsu. Its headquarters is located in Ricoh Building in Chūō, Tokyo....
- Software Imaging LimitedSoftware ImagingSoftware Imaging is an Oxford based, UK private company that is a supplier of printing and imaging solutions.Software Imaging is a solution provider to the world’s major printer & copier manufacturers....
- ToshibaToshibais a multinational electronics and electrical equipment corporation headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. It is a diversified manufacturer and marketer of electrical products, spanning information & communications equipment and systems, Internet-based solutions and services, electronic components and...
- XeroxXeroxXerox Corporation is an American multinational document management corporation that produced and sells a range of color and black-and-white printers, multifunction systems, photo copiers, digital production printing presses, and related consulting services and supplies...
- Zoran Corporation
See also
- Comparison of OpenXPS and PDFComparison of OpenXPS and PDFThis is a comparison of the OpenXPS document file format with the PDF file format. Both file format standards are essentially containers for representing digital content in a paper-like fashion.-Design aims:...
- Windows Vista printing technologies
- Functional specificationFunctional specificationA functional specification in systems engineering and software development is the documentation that describes the requested behavior of an engineering system...