United Nations Security Council Resolution 1935
Encyclopedia
United Nations
Security Council Resolution
1935, adopted unanimously on July 30, 2010, after reaffirming all previous resolutions and statements on the situation in Sudan
, the Council extended the mandate of the African Union – United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID) for a further 12 months until July 31, 2011 and demanded an end to fighting and attacks on United Nations personnel and civilians.
The resolution, drafted by the United Kingdom
, was adopted during a rise in attacks on United Nations
peacekeepers and civilians, including ambush
es and the holding of a UNAMID helicopter pilot by local groups. The Council also heard that fighting between rebel groups and the government had intensified. The following day after the adoption of Resolution 1935, the Sudanese government requested UNAMID peacekeepers
to inform it of its movements, after accusing the United Nations of failing to keep the peace at refugee camps in the west of the country.
region of Sudan and welcomed dialogue between the Sudanese government and Liberation and Justice Movement (LJM), deploring that some groups refused to join the political process. It underlined co-operation between the United Nations and African Union
consistent with Chapter VIII of the United Nations Charter
, and the need for a rigorous, strategic approach to peacekeeping deployments in order to improve their effectiveness.
Meanwhile, there was concern at the deterioration of the security situation in Darfur through violations of the ceasefire
, rebel attacks, inter-tribal fighting, aerial bombardment by the Sudanese government and attacks on humanitarian personnel. Furthermore, all violations of human rights
and international humanitarian law
in Darfur were condemned by the Council, while the resumption of diplomatic relations between Sudan and Chad
on January 15, 2010 was welcomed.
for a year, the Council urged the operation to make the full use of its mandate to protect civilians and facilitate the delivery of humanitarian aid
. It urged for the promotion of the African Union-United Nations led political process in Darfur. All attacks on and threats against UNAMID were strongly condemned as unacceptable and the Council demanded that such incidents cease immediately. Additionally, there was concern at restrictions placed on UNAMID's freedom of movement
and operations, and the Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon
was required to report every 90 days on the implementation of its mandate.
The resolution demanded that all parties to the conflict end violence, attacks on civilians, peacekeepers and humanitarian personnel immediately and comply with international obligations relating to human rights and humanitarian law. In this regard, a more effective ceasefire monitoring mechanism was suggested. The Council was seriously concerned at the deterioration of the humanitarian situation and threats to humanitarian organisations. It reiterated that there would be no military solution to the Darfur conflict and that a political settlement was essential; all parties, including rebel groups, were urged to participate in the process.
The Security Council noted that the conflict in Darfur had consequences on the rest of Sudan and the wider region, and UNAMID was urged to co-operate with the United Nations Mission in Sudan
and United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad
. The operation was also asked to assist in preparations for the independence referendum
in Southern Sudan. The Council further stressed solutions to the issue of refugee
s and internally displaced person
s and recovery initiatives. It was concerned at continuing localised conflicts and the proliferation of weapon
s, demanding that all parties to the conflict take measures to protect civilians.
Finally, the Secretary-General was called upon to ensure continuing dialogue and reporting on the situation of children in the conflict, including the use of child soldiers
and violations of human rights.
United Nations
The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace...
Security Council Resolution
United Nations Security Council Resolution
A United Nations Security Council resolution is a UN resolution adopted by the fifteen members of the Security Council; the UN body charged with "primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security"....
1935, adopted unanimously on July 30, 2010, after reaffirming all previous resolutions and statements on the situation in Sudan
Sudan
Sudan , officially the Republic of the Sudan , is a country in North Africa, sometimes considered part of the Middle East politically. It is bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the northeast, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east, South Sudan to the south, the Central African Republic to the...
, the Council extended the mandate of the African Union – United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID) for a further 12 months until July 31, 2011 and demanded an end to fighting and attacks on United Nations personnel and civilians.
The resolution, drafted by the United Kingdom
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
, was adopted during a rise in attacks on United Nations
United Nations
The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace...
peacekeepers and civilians, including ambush
Ambush
An ambush is a long-established military tactic, in which the aggressors take advantage of concealment and the element of surprise to attack an unsuspecting enemy from concealed positions, such as among dense underbrush or behind hilltops...
es and the holding of a UNAMID helicopter pilot by local groups. The Council also heard that fighting between rebel groups and the government had intensified. The following day after the adoption of Resolution 1935, the Sudanese government requested UNAMID peacekeepers
Peacekeeping
Peacekeeping is an activity that aims to create the conditions for lasting peace. It is distinguished from both peacebuilding and peacemaking....
to inform it of its movements, after accusing the United Nations of failing to keep the peace at refugee camps in the west of the country.
Observations
The Security Council expressed its support to the political process in the DarfurDarfur
Darfur is a region in western Sudan. An independent sultanate for several hundred years, it was incorporated into Sudan by Anglo-Egyptian forces in 1916. The region is divided into three federal states: West Darfur, South Darfur, and North Darfur...
region of Sudan and welcomed dialogue between the Sudanese government and Liberation and Justice Movement (LJM), deploring that some groups refused to join the political process. It underlined co-operation between the United Nations and African Union
African Union
The African Union is a union consisting of 54 African states. The only all-African state not in the AU is Morocco. Established on 9 July 2002, the AU was formed as a successor to the Organisation of African Unity...
consistent with Chapter VIII of the United Nations Charter
Chapter VIII of the United Nations Charter
Chapter VIII of the United Nations Charter deals with regional arrangements. It authorizes regional organizations and even requires attempts to resolve disputes through such agencies prior to intervention by the UN Security Council...
, and the need for a rigorous, strategic approach to peacekeeping deployments in order to improve their effectiveness.
Meanwhile, there was concern at the deterioration of the security situation in Darfur through violations of the ceasefire
Ceasefire
A ceasefire is a temporary stoppage of a war in which each side agrees with the other to suspend aggressive actions. Ceasefires may be declared as part of a formal treaty, but they have also been called as part of an informal understanding between opposing forces...
, rebel attacks, inter-tribal fighting, aerial bombardment by the Sudanese government and attacks on humanitarian personnel. Furthermore, all violations of human rights
Human rights
Human rights are "commonly understood as inalienable fundamental rights to which a person is inherently entitled simply because she or he is a human being." Human rights are thus conceived as universal and egalitarian . These rights may exist as natural rights or as legal rights, in both national...
and international humanitarian law
International humanitarian law
International humanitarian law , often referred to as the laws of war, the laws and customs of war or the law of armed conflict, is the legal corpus that comprises "the Geneva Conventions and the Hague Conventions, as well as subsequent treaties, case law, and customary international law." It...
in Darfur were condemned by the Council, while the resumption of diplomatic relations between Sudan and Chad
Chad
Chad , officially known as the Republic of Chad, is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon and Nigeria to the southwest, and Niger to the west...
on January 15, 2010 was welcomed.
Acts
Extending UNAMID's mandateMandate (international law)
In international law, a mandate is a binding obligation issued from an inter-governmental organization like the United Nations to a country which is bound to follow the instructions of the organization....
for a year, the Council urged the operation to make the full use of its mandate to protect civilians and facilitate the delivery of humanitarian aid
Humanitarian aid
Humanitarian aid is material or logistical assistance provided for humanitarian purposes, typically in response to humanitarian crises including natural disaster and man-made disaster. The primary objective of humanitarian aid is to save lives, alleviate suffering, and maintain human dignity...
. It urged for the promotion of the African Union-United Nations led political process in Darfur. All attacks on and threats against UNAMID were strongly condemned as unacceptable and the Council demanded that such incidents cease immediately. Additionally, there was concern at restrictions placed on UNAMID's freedom of movement
Freedom of movement
Freedom of movement, mobility rights or the right to travel is a human right concept that the constitutions of numerous states respect...
and operations, and the Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon
Ban Ki-moon
Ban Ki-moon is the eighth and current Secretary-General of the United Nations, after succeeding Kofi Annan in 2007. Before going on to be Secretary-General, Ban was a career diplomat in South Korea's Ministry of Foreign Affairs and in the United Nations. He entered diplomatic service the year he...
was required to report every 90 days on the implementation of its mandate.
The resolution demanded that all parties to the conflict end violence, attacks on civilians, peacekeepers and humanitarian personnel immediately and comply with international obligations relating to human rights and humanitarian law. In this regard, a more effective ceasefire monitoring mechanism was suggested. The Council was seriously concerned at the deterioration of the humanitarian situation and threats to humanitarian organisations. It reiterated that there would be no military solution to the Darfur conflict and that a political settlement was essential; all parties, including rebel groups, were urged to participate in the process.
The Security Council noted that the conflict in Darfur had consequences on the rest of Sudan and the wider region, and UNAMID was urged to co-operate with the United Nations Mission in Sudan
United Nations Mission in Sudan
The United Nations Mission in the Sudan was established by the UN Security Council under Resolution 1590 of 24 March 2005, in response to the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement between the government of the Sudan and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement on January 9, 2005 in Nairobi,...
and United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad
United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad
The United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad was a United Nations peacekeeping mission established by the United Nations Security Council on September 25, 2007 to provide a multidimensional presence of up to 350 police and military personnel to eastern Chad and north-eastern...
. The operation was also asked to assist in preparations for the independence referendum
Southern Sudanese independence referendum, 2011
A referendum took place in Southern Sudan from 9 to 15 January 2011, on whether the region should remain a part of Sudan or become independent. The referendum was one of the consequences of the 2005 Naivasha Agreement between the Khartoum central government and the Sudan People's Liberation...
in Southern Sudan. The Council further stressed solutions to the issue of refugee
Refugee
A refugee is a person who outside her country of origin or habitual residence because she has suffered persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, political opinion, or because she is a member of a persecuted 'social group'. Such a person may be referred to as an 'asylum seeker' until...
s and internally displaced person
Internally displaced person
An internally displaced person is someone who is forced to flee his or her home but who remains within his or her country's borders. They are often referred to as refugees, although they do not fall within the current legal definition of a refugee. At the end of 2006 it was estimated there were...
s and recovery initiatives. It was concerned at continuing localised conflicts and the proliferation of weapon
Weapon
A weapon, arm, or armament is a tool or instrument used with the aim of causing damage or harm to living beings or artificial structures or systems...
s, demanding that all parties to the conflict take measures to protect civilians.
Finally, the Secretary-General was called upon to ensure continuing dialogue and reporting on the situation of children in the conflict, including the use of child soldiers
Military use of children
The military use of children takes three distinct forms: children can take direct part in hostilities , or they can be used in support roles such as porters, spies, messengers, look outs, and sexual slaves; or they can be used for political advantage either as human shields or in...
and violations of human rights.
See also
- International response to the War in Darfur
- List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1901 to 2000 (2009 – 2011)
- Sudanese nomadic conflicts
- War in DarfurWar in DarfurThe Darfur Conflict was a guerrilla conflict or civil war centered on the Darfur region of Sudan. It began in February 2003 when the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army and Justice and Equality Movement groups in Darfur took up arms, accusing the Sudanese government of oppressing non-Arab Sudanese in...