United Nations Security Council Resolution 1528
Encyclopedia
United Nations
Security Council Resolution
1528, adopted unanimously on February 27, 2004, after recalling resolutions 1464
(2003), 1479
(2003), 1498
(2003), 1514
(2003) and 1527
(2004) on the situation in Côte d'Ivoire
(Ivory Coast), the Council established the United Nations Operation in Côte d'Ivoire
(UNOCI) for an initial period of twelve months.
, demobilisation
and reintegration
(DDR), and the return of the Forces Nouvelles
to the government, including dialogue. It called on all parties to refrain from violations of human rights
and international humanitarian law
and an end to impunity
. There was concern over the deteriorating economic situation in the country and the consequences on the subregion.
The preamble of the resolution welcomed efforts by the African Union
in supporting the peace and reconciliation process in Côte d'Ivoire, including those of the Economic Community of West African States
(ECOWAS) and French
forces. It noted requests by the President of Côte d'Ivoire Laurent Gbagbo
and ECOWAS to transform the United Nations Mission in Côte d'Ivoire (MINUCI) into a peacekeeping
mission. Lasting stability in the country would depend on peace in the subregion according to the Council, particularly in Liberia
.
, the Council established UNOCI for an initial period of twelve months from April 4, 2004 compromising of 6,240 United Nations personnel including 200 military observers and 320 police in addition to a civilian, judiciary and corrections component. United Nations missions in West Africa
were encouraged to provide support to UNOCI, while UNOCI was asked to co-operate with the United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone
(UNAMSIL) and United Nations Mission in Liberia
(UNMIL).
UNOCI's mandate
would involve the monitoring of armed groups and the ceasefire
; a disarmament, demobilisation, reintegration, repatriation
and resettlement
programme; protecting United Nations personnel and civilians; supporting the implementation of the peace process; promoting human rights; utilising a public information capacity and maintaining law and order. Furthermore, it was authorised to use all necessary means to fulfil its mandate and a Status of Forces Agreement
was requested to be completed within 30 days.
The resolution stressed the importance of the full implementation of the Linas-Marcoussis Agreement and for the Ivorian parties to guarantee the safety and freedom of movement
of UNOCI personnel. The government was urged to undertake and complete the DDR programme, disband armed groups, restructure the armed forces and security services and curb disruptive street protest
s. and support of the international community
was called for in order to help the economic development of Côte d'Ivoire.
The mandate of the ECOWAS and French forces operating in the country was extended for a further twelve months, with France required to report on its mandate. Finally, the Secretary-General Kofi Annan
asked to keep the Council informed on the situation in Côte d'Ivoire.
United Nations
The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace...
Security Council Resolution
United Nations Security Council Resolution
A United Nations Security Council resolution is a UN resolution adopted by the fifteen members of the Security Council; the UN body charged with "primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security"....
1528, adopted unanimously on February 27, 2004, after recalling resolutions 1464
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1464
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1464, adopted unanimously on February 4, 2003, after reaffirming its commitment to the sovereignty, territorial integrity and unity of Côte d'Ivoire, the Council called for the implementation of the peace agreement signed at Linas-Marcoussis to end the...
(2003), 1479
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1479
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1479, adopted unanimously on May 13, 2003, after reaffirming Resolution 1464 on the situation in Côte d'Ivoire and resolutions 1460 and 1467 , the Council established the United Nations Mission in Côte d'Ivoire after determining the situation in the...
(2003), 1498
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1498
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1498, adopted unanimously on August 4, 2003, after reaffirming resolutions 1464 and 1479 on the situation in Côte d'Ivoire , the Council renewed authorisation given to the Economic Community of West African States and French forces operating in the...
(2003), 1514
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1514
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1514, adopted unanimously on November 13, 2003, after reaffirming Resolution 1479 on the situation in Côte d'Ivoire and resolutions 1464 and 1498 , the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission in Côte d'Ivoire until February 4,...
(2003) and 1527
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1527
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1527, adopted unanimously on February 4, 2004, after recalling previous resolutions on the situation in Côte d'Ivoire , particularly resolutions 1464 , 1498 and 1514 , the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission in Côte d'Ivoire until...
(2004) on the situation in Côte d'Ivoire
Côte d'Ivoire
The Republic of Côte d'Ivoire or Ivory Coast is a country in West Africa. It has an area of , and borders the countries Liberia, Guinea, Mali, Burkina Faso and Ghana; its southern boundary is along the Gulf of Guinea. The country's population was 15,366,672 in 1998 and was estimated to be...
(Ivory Coast), the Council established the United Nations Operation in Côte d'Ivoire
United Nations Operation in Côte d'Ivoire
The United Nations Operation in Côte d'Ivoire is a peacekeeping mission whose objective is "to facilitate the implementation by the Ivorian parties of the peace agreement signed by them in January 2003"...
(UNOCI) for an initial period of twelve months.
Observations
The Security Council endorsed the Linas-Marcoussis Agreement and welcomed progress relating to disarmamentDisarmament
Disarmament is the act of reducing, limiting, or abolishing weapons. Disarmament generally refers to a country's military or specific type of weaponry. Disarmament is often taken to mean total elimination of weapons of mass destruction, such as nuclear arms...
, demobilisation
Demobilization
Demobilization is the process of standing down a nation's armed forces from combat-ready status. This may be as a result of victory in war, or because a crisis has been peacefully resolved and military force will not be necessary...
and reintegration
Social integration
Social integration, in sociology and other social sciences, is the movement of minority groups such as ethnic minorities, refugees and underprivileged sections of a society into the mainstream of societies...
(DDR), and the return of the Forces Nouvelles
Forces Nouvelles de Côte d'Ivoire
The Forces Nouvelles de Côte d'Ivoire is a political coalition that was formed in December 2002, in the wake of the first peace accords of the Ivorian Civil War.-Composition:FNCI includes these political parties:...
to the government, including dialogue. It called on all parties to refrain from violations of human rights
Human rights
Human rights are "commonly understood as inalienable fundamental rights to which a person is inherently entitled simply because she or he is a human being." Human rights are thus conceived as universal and egalitarian . These rights may exist as natural rights or as legal rights, in both national...
and international humanitarian law
International humanitarian law
International humanitarian law , often referred to as the laws of war, the laws and customs of war or the law of armed conflict, is the legal corpus that comprises "the Geneva Conventions and the Hague Conventions, as well as subsequent treaties, case law, and customary international law." It...
and an end to impunity
Impunity
Impunity means "exemption from punishment or loss or escape from fines". In the international law of human rights, it refers to the failure to bring perpetrators of human rights violations to justice and, as such, itself constitutes a denial of the victims' right to justice and redress...
. There was concern over the deteriorating economic situation in the country and the consequences on the subregion.
The preamble of the resolution welcomed efforts by the African Union
African Union
The African Union is a union consisting of 54 African states. The only all-African state not in the AU is Morocco. Established on 9 July 2002, the AU was formed as a successor to the Organisation of African Unity...
in supporting the peace and reconciliation process in Côte d'Ivoire, including those of the Economic Community of West African States
Economic Community of West African States
The Economic Community of West African States is a regional group of fifteen West African countries. Founded on 28 May 1975, with the signing of the Treaty of Lagos, its mission is to promote economic integration across the region....
(ECOWAS) and French
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
forces. It noted requests by the President of Côte d'Ivoire Laurent Gbagbo
Laurent Gbagbo
Laurent Koudou Gbagbo served as the fourth President of Côte d'Ivoire from 2000 until his arrest in April 2011. A historian by profession, he is also an amateur chemist and physicist....
and ECOWAS to transform the United Nations Mission in Côte d'Ivoire (MINUCI) into a peacekeeping
Peacekeeping
Peacekeeping is an activity that aims to create the conditions for lasting peace. It is distinguished from both peacebuilding and peacemaking....
mission. Lasting stability in the country would depend on peace in the subregion according to the Council, particularly in Liberia
Liberia
Liberia , officially the Republic of Liberia, is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Sierra Leone on the west, Guinea on the north and Côte d'Ivoire on the east. Liberia's coastline is composed of mostly mangrove forests while the more sparsely populated inland consists of forests that open...
.
Acts
Acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations CharterChapter VII of the United Nations Charter
Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter sets out the UN Security Council's powers to maintain peace. It allows the Council to "determine the existence of any threat to the peace, breach of the peace, or act of aggression" and to take military and nonmilitary action to "restore international peace...
, the Council established UNOCI for an initial period of twelve months from April 4, 2004 compromising of 6,240 United Nations personnel including 200 military observers and 320 police in addition to a civilian, judiciary and corrections component. United Nations missions in West Africa
West Africa
West Africa or Western Africa is the westernmost region of the African continent. Geopolitically, the UN definition of Western Africa includes the following 16 countries and an area of approximately 5 million square km:-Flags of West Africa:...
were encouraged to provide support to UNOCI, while UNOCI was asked to co-operate with the United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone
United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone
The United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone was a United Nations peacekeeping operation in Sierra Leone from 1999 to 2005. It was created by the United Nations Security Council in October 1999 to help with the implementation of the Lomé Peace Accord, an agreement intended to end the Sierra Leonean...
(UNAMSIL) and United Nations Mission in Liberia
United Nations Mission in Liberia
The United Nations Mission in Liberia is a peace-keeping force established in September 2003 to monitor a ceasefire agreement in Liberia following the resignation of President Charles Taylor and the conclusion of the Second Liberian Civil War....
(UNMIL).
UNOCI's mandate
Mandate (international law)
In international law, a mandate is a binding obligation issued from an inter-governmental organization like the United Nations to a country which is bound to follow the instructions of the organization....
would involve the monitoring of armed groups and the ceasefire
Ceasefire
A ceasefire is a temporary stoppage of a war in which each side agrees with the other to suspend aggressive actions. Ceasefires may be declared as part of a formal treaty, but they have also been called as part of an informal understanding between opposing forces...
; a disarmament, demobilisation, reintegration, repatriation
Repatriation
Repatriation is the process of returning a person back to one's place of origin or citizenship. This includes the process of returning refugees or soldiers to their place of origin following a war...
and resettlement
Human migration
Human migration is physical movement by humans from one area to another, sometimes over long distances or in large groups. Historically this movement was nomadic, often causing significant conflict with the indigenous population and their displacement or cultural assimilation. Only a few nomadic...
programme; protecting United Nations personnel and civilians; supporting the implementation of the peace process; promoting human rights; utilising a public information capacity and maintaining law and order. Furthermore, it was authorised to use all necessary means to fulfil its mandate and a Status of Forces Agreement
Status of Forces Agreement
A status of forces agreement is an agreement between a host country and a foreign nation stationing forces in that country. SOFAs are often included, along with other types of military agreements, as part of a comprehensive security arrangement...
was requested to be completed within 30 days.
The resolution stressed the importance of the full implementation of the Linas-Marcoussis Agreement and for the Ivorian parties to guarantee the safety and freedom of movement
Freedom of movement
Freedom of movement, mobility rights or the right to travel is a human right concept that the constitutions of numerous states respect...
of UNOCI personnel. The government was urged to undertake and complete the DDR programme, disband armed groups, restructure the armed forces and security services and curb disruptive street protest
Protest
A protest is an expression of objection, by words or by actions, to particular events, policies or situations. Protests can take many different forms, from individual statements to mass demonstrations...
s. and support of the international community
International community
The international community is a term used in international relations to refer to all peoples, cultures and governments of the world or to a group of them. The term is used to imply the existence of common duties and obligations between them...
was called for in order to help the economic development of Côte d'Ivoire.
The mandate of the ECOWAS and French forces operating in the country was extended for a further twelve months, with France required to report on its mandate. Finally, the Secretary-General Kofi Annan
Kofi Annan
Kofi Atta Annan is a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh Secretary-General of the UN from 1 January 1997 to 31 December 2006...
asked to keep the Council informed on the situation in Côte d'Ivoire.
See also
- 2004 French–Ivorian clashes
- Ivorian Civil War
- List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1501 to 1600 (2003 – 2005)
- Operation LicorneOperation LicorneOperation Unicorn is the name of the French Armed Forces's peacekeeping operation in support of the United Nations Operation in Côte d'Ivoire. The French forces have been stationed in the country since shortly after the outbreak of the Ivorian Civil War...
- Second Liberian Civil WarSecond Liberian Civil WarThe Second Liberian Civil War began in 1999 when a rebel group backed by the government of neighbouring Guinea, the Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy , emerged in northern Liberia. In early 2003, a second rebel group, the Movement for Democracy in Liberia, emerged in the south, and...
External links
- Text of Resolution at UNdemocracy.com
- UNOCI website