Unani

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Unani

Unani IPA: (in Arabic

Arabic language

Arabic is a Central Semitic language, thus related to and classified alongside other Semitic languages languages such as Hebrew language and Aramaic language....
, Bangla, Hindi

Hindi

Standard Hindi, also known as High Hindi, Nagari Hindi or Literary Hindi is a Standard language register of Hindi. It is one of the 22 official languages of India, and is used, along with English language, for administration of the central government....
, Persian

Persian language

name=Persian|nativename=|pronunciation=[f??r'si]|image=|caption=Farsi in Perso-Arabic script |states= Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Bahrain....
, Pashtu, Urdu, etc) means "Greek". It derives from the Greek word Ionia, the Greek name of the Asia Minor

Anatolia

Anatolia or Asia Minor is a region of Western Asia, comprising most of the modern Republic of Turkey. It is a geographic region bounded by the Black Sea to the north, the Caucasus to the northeast, the Aegean Sea to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and the Iranian plateau to the east and southeast....
coastline, from the Arabic word for Greece: "al-Yunaan".

It is used to refer to Graeco-Arabic
Islamic medicine

In the history of medicine, Islamic medicine or Arabic medicine refers to medicine developed in the Islamic Golden Age and written in Arabic language, the lingua franca of the Islamic civilization....
or Unani medicine (see below), also called "Unani-tibb", based on the teachings of Hippocrates

Hippocrates

Hippocrates of Cos II or Hippokrates of Kos - ancient Greek: ; Hippokr?tes was an Ancient Greece physician of the Age of Pericles, and was considered one of the most outstanding figures in the history of medicine....
, Galen

Galen

Aelius Galenus or Claudius Galenus , better known as Galen of Pergamum , was a prominent Ancient Rome physician and philosopher of Greek origin, and probably the most accomplished medical researcher of the Roman period....
, and Avicenna

Avicenna

Humorism

Humourism, or humouralism, was a theory of the makeup and workings of the human body adopted by Ancient Greek medicine and Medicine in ancient Rome and Greek philosophy....
: Phlegm

Phlegm

Phlegm is sticky fluid secreted by the mucous membranes of humans and other animals. Its definition is limited to the mucus produced by the respiratory system, excluding that from the nose passages, and particularly that which is expelled by coughing ....
(Balgham), Blood

Blood

Blood is a specialized bodily fluid that delivers necessary substances to the body's Cell s ? such as nutrients and oxygen ? and transports waste products away from those same cells....
(Dam), Yellow bile

Bile

Bile or gall is a bitter yellow or green fluid secreted by hepatocytes from the liver of most vertebrates. In many species, bile is stored in the gallbladder between meals and upon eating is discharged into the duodenum where the bile aids the process of digestion of lipids....
(Sauda — it seems to mean hard substance and black material).

gh the threads which comprise Unani healing can be traced all the way back to Claudius Galenus of Pergamum, who lived in the second century of the Christian Era, the basic knowledge of Unani medicine as a healing system was developed by Hakim Ibn Sina

Avicenna

, known as Abu Ali Sina Balkhi or Ibn Sina and commonly known in English by his Latinized name Avicenna , was a Persian people polymath and the foremost Islamic medicine and Early Islamic philosophy of his time....
(known as Avicenna in the west) in his medical encyclopedia The Canon of Medicine
The Canon of Medicine

The Canon of Medicine is a 14-volume Islamic medicine written by a Science in medieval Islam and physician Avicenna and completed in 1025....
.

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Unani medicine

Though the threads which comprise Unani healing can be traced all the way back to Claudius Galenus of Pergamum, who lived in the second century of the Christian Era, the basic knowledge of Unani medicine as a healing system was developed by Hakim Ibn Sina

Avicenna

Persian Empire

The 'Persian Empire' was a series of successive Iranian or Persianization empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland, and beyond in Southwest Asia, South Asia, Central Asia and the Caucasus....
. While he was primarily influenced by Greek and Islamic medicine

Islamic medicine

In the history of medicine, Islamic medicine or Arabic medicine refers to medicine developed in the Islamic Golden Age and written in Arabic language, the lingua franca of the Islamic civilization....
, he was also influenced by the Indian medical

Ayurveda

Sushruta

Sushruta was a surgeon and teacher of Ayurveda who flourished in the Indian city of Varanasi by the 6th century BC. The medical treatise Sushruta Samhita?compiled in Vedic Sanskrit?is attributed to him....
and Charaka

Charaka

Charaka, sometimes spelled Caraka, born c. 300 BC in a Maga Brahmin family was one of the principal contributors to the ancient art and science of Ayurveda, a system of medicine and lifestyle thought to be developed about 5000 years ago in Ancient India....
.

In India, there are about hundred Unani Medical Colleges where Unani System of medicine is taught. It is a 5 and half year course and the graduates are awarded BUMS (Bachelor of Unani Medicine and Surgery) degree. There are about 10 Unani medical Colleges where Post Graduate degree is being given for BUMS Doctors. all these colleges are affiliated to reputed universities and recognized by the Government.

As an alternative medicine, Unani has found favour in Asia

Asia

Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent. It covers 8.6% of the Earth's total surface area and, with over 4 billion people, it contains more than 60% of the world's current human population....
, especially India

India

India, officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, the List of countries by population country, and the most populous liberal democracy in the world....
. In India, These Unani practitioners can practice as qualified doctors, as the Indian government approves their practice. Unani medicine is very close to Ayurveda

Ayurveda

Ayurveda is a system of traditional medicine native to India, and practiced in other parts of the world as a form of alternative medicine. In Sanskrit, the word Ayurveda comprises the words , meaning 'life' and , meaning 'science'....
. Both are based on theory of the presence of the elements (in Unani, they are considered to be fire, water, earth and air) in the human body. (The elements, attributed to the philosopher Empedocles

Empedocles

Empedocles was a Hellenic civilization pre-Socratic philosopher and a citizen of Agrigentum, a Greek colony in Sicily. Empedocles' philosophy is best known for being the origin of the cosmogenesis theory of the four classical elements....
, determined the way of thinking in medieval Europe.) According to followers of Unani medicine, these elements are present in different fluids and their balance leads to health and their imbalance leads to illness.

All these elaborations were built on the basic Hippocratic theory of the Four Humours

Humorism

Humourism, or humouralism, was a theory of the makeup and workings of the human body adopted by Ancient Greek medicine and Medicine in ancient Rome and Greek philosophy....
. The theory postulates the presence in the human body of blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile. Each person's unique mixture of these substances determines his temperament: a predominance of blood gives a sanguine temperament; a predominance of phlegm makes one phlegmatic; yellow bile, bilious (or choleric); and black bile, melancholic. As long as these humours are in balance, the human system is healthy, it is imbalance which can result in disease.

Unani

Unani medicine

See also

External links