Tongva: Facts, Discussion Forum, and Encyclopedia Article

All Topics

Tongva

Tongva

	Email		Print
	Bookmark		Link

	Tongva
	Home
	:Tongva may also refer to the Tongva language Tongva language The Tongva language is an Uto-Aztecan languages language spoken by the Tongva, a Native Americans in the United States people who live in and around Los Angeles, California.... . The Tongva are a Native American Native Americans in the United States Native Americans in the United States are the Indigenous peoples of the Americas from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States United States, including parts of Alaska and the island state of Hawaii.... people who inhabited the area in and around Los Angeles, California Los Angeles, California Los Angeles is the largest city in the U.S. state of California and the List of United States cities by population in the United States. Often abbreviated as L.A. and nicknamed The City of Angels, Los Angeles is rated as a beta global city, has an estimated population of 3.8 million and spans over in Southern California.... , before the arrival of Europe Europe Europe is, conventionally, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia to its east by the water divide of the Ural Mountains, the Ural , the Caspian Sea, and by the Caucasus Mountains to the southeast.... ans. Tongva means "people of the earth" in the Tongva language Tongva language The Tongva language is an Uto-Aztecan languages language spoken by the Tongva, a Native Americans in the United States people who live in and around Los Angeles, California.... , a language in the Uto-Aztecan Uto-Aztecan languages Uto-Aztecan is a Indigenous languages of the Americas language family. It is one of the largest and most well-established linguistic families of the Americas.... family. The Tongva are also sometimes referred to as the Gabrieleño/Tongva (often written "Gabrieleno/Tongva") or Gabrielino/Tongva tribe. Following the Spanish custom of naming local tribes after nearby missions, they were called the Gabrieleño, Gabrielino, or San Gabrieleño in reference to Mission San Gabriel Arcangel Mission San Gabriel Arcángel The Mission San Gabriel Arc?ngel is a fully functioning Roman Catholic Mission and a historic landmark in San Gabriel, California. Site of the first hospital in Alta California, the settlement was founded by Spain of the Franciscan Order on "The Feast of the Birth of Blessed Virgin Mary" in 1771.... . Likewise, the nearby Tataviam Tataviam The Tataviam which means "people facing the sun", also sometimes called the Alliklik which is also a derogatory term used by other tribes, are a Native Americans in the United States group in Southern California California.... people were known as "Fernandeño" after Mission San Fernando Rey de España Mission San Fernando Rey de España Mission San Fernando Rey de Espa?a was founded on "The Feast of the Birth of Blessed Virgin Mary" , 1797. The settlement is located on the former Rancho Los Encinos in the Mission Hills, Los Angeles, California community of northern Los Angeles, near the site of the first gold discovery in Alta California.... . History Along with the Chumash, their neighbors to the north, the Tongva are among the few New World New World The New World is one of the names used for the non-Eurasian/non-African parts of the Earth, specifically the Americas and Australasia. When the term originated in the late 15th century, the Americas were new to the Europeans, who previously thought of the world as consisting only of Europe, Asia, and Africa .... peoples who regularly navigated the ocean. They built seaworthy canoes, called ti'at, using planks that were sewn together, edge to edge, and then caulked and coated with either pine pitch Pitch (resin) Pitch is the name for any of a number of highly viscosity liquids which appear solid. Pitch can be made from petroleum products or plants. Petroleum-derived pitch is also called bitumen.... , or, more commonly, the tar that was available either from the La Brea Tar Pits La Brea Tar Pits The La Brea Tar Pits are a famous cluster of tar pits located in Hancock Park in the urban heart of Los Angeles, California, United States. Asphalt or tar has seeped up from the ground in this area for tens of thousands of years.... , or as asphalt Asphalt Asphalt is a sticky, black and highly viscosity liquid or semi-solid that is present in most crude petroleums and in some natural deposits sometimes termed asphaltum.... um that had washed up on shore from offshore oil seeps. These titi'at could hold as many as 12 people and all their gear and all the trade goods they were carrying to trade with other people, either along the coast or on one of the Channel Islands Channel Islands of California The Channel Islands of California are a chain of eight islands located in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Southern California along the Santa Barbara Channel in the United States of America.... . The Tongva canoed out to greet Spanish explorer Juan Cabrillo Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo Juan Rodr?guez Cabrillo was a Portugal explorer, known as Jo?o Rodrigues Cabrilho in Portuguese, noted for his exploration of the west coast of North America while sailing for Spain.... when he arrived off the shores of San Pedro in 1542. Modern place-names with Tongva origins include: Pacoima Pacoima, Los Angeles, California Pacoima is a district in the San Fernando Valley region of the City of Los Angeles, California.It is bordered by the Los Angeles districts of Mission Hills, Los Angeles, California on the west, Arleta, Los Angeles, California on the south, Sun Valley, Los Angeles, California on the southeast, Lake View Terrace, Los Angeles, California on th... , Tujunga Tujunga, Los Angeles, California Tujunga is a district in the far northern reaches of the City of Los Angeles, California.Although Tujunga is commonly perceived as the northeasternmost portion of the San Fernando Valley, it actually is in the Crescenta Valley.... , Topanga Topanga, California Topanga is an unincorporated area in western Los Angeles County, California, California, United States. It is located in the Santa Monica Mountains.... , Rancho Cucamonga Rancho Cucamonga, California Rancho Cucamonga is a city in San Bernardino County, California, California, United States. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 127,743.... , Azusa Azusa, California Azusa is a city in Los Angeles County, California, California, United States. The population was 44,712 at the 2000 census. Though often assumed to be a compaction of the phrase "everything from A to Z in the USA", the place name "Azusa" traces back to at least the eighteenth century.... , and Cahuenga Pass Cahuenga Pass The Cahuenga Pass is a mountain pass through the eastern end of the Santa Monica Mountains in the Hollywood district of the City of Los Angeles, California.... . The name of their creation deity, Quaoar, has been used to name a large object 50000 Quaoar 50000 Quaoar is a Trans-Neptunian object and potential dwarf planet orbiting the Sun in the Kuiper belt. It was discovered on June 4, 2002 by astronomers Chad Trujillo and Michael E.... in the Kuiper belt Kuiper belt The Kuiper belt , sometimes called the Edgeworth-Kuiper belt, is a region of the Solar System beyond the planets extending from the orbit of Neptune to approximately 55 Astronomical unit from the Sun.... . A 2,656-foot summit in the Verdugo Mountains Verdugo Mountains The Verdugo Mountains are a small mountain range located just south of the western San Gabriel Mountains in Los Angeles County, California, Southern California, United States.... , in Glendale Glendale, California Glendale is a city in Los Angeles County, California, California, United States. It lies at the eastern end of the San Fernando Valley, is bisected by the Verdugo Mountains, and is a suburb in the Greater Los Angeles Area.... , has been named Tongva Peak. The Gabrielino Trail is a 28-mile path through the Angeles National Forest Angeles National Forest The Angeles National Forest was established on July 1, 1908, incorporating the first San Bernardino National Forest and parts of Santa Barbara National Forest and San Gabriel National Forests.... . In the 1990s, Kuruvungna Springs Serra Springs (California) Serra Springs is California Historical Landmark number 522, and is located on the campus of University High School in Los Angeles County. The springs, called Kuruvungna by the native Tongva people, were used as natural fresh water source by the Tongva people since 400 B.C.E., and continue to produce 22,000 - 25,000 gall... , a natural spring located on the site of a former Tongva village on the campus of University High School in West Los Angeles, was revitalized by the Gabrielino/Tongva Springs Foundation. The spring, which flows at 22,000 gallons per day, is considered by the Tongva to be one of their last remaining sacred sites and is regularly used for ceremonial events. Living in such a high growth area, many controversies have naturally arisen around land use issues relating to the Tongva. Conflicts between the Tongva and the rapidly expanding population of Los Angeles have often had to be resolved in the courts. Burial grounds have been inadvertently disturbed by developers. The tribe has complained about bones being broken by archeologists studying the site. Another widely known controversy was over an area called Puvungna Puvunga Puvunga is an ancient village and burial site believed to have once been populated by the Tongva people, who are the Native Americans in the United States inhabitants of the region around Los Angeles, California.... , which is the birthplace of the Tongva prophet Chingishnish Chinigchinix Chingichngish is the name of an important figure in the mythology of the Luiseño, Tongva, and Acjachemem Indians of southern California.... , and is believed by some Tongva to be the place of creation. The site, formerly home to a Tongva village and also containing an active spring, is located on the grounds of what is today California State University, Long Beach California State University, Long Beach California State University, Long Beach is the largest campus of the California State University system and the second largest university in the state of California by enrollment.... . While a portion of Puvungna (a burial ground on the western edge of the campus) is listed on the National Register of Historic Places National Register of Historic Places The National Register of Historic Places is the United States government official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects deemed worthy of preservation.... , nevertheless developers have repeatedly attempted, beginning in 1992, to build a strip mall Shopping mall File:Nordstrom wing , Pentagon City Mall.jpgA shopping mall or shopping centre is a building or set of buildings which contain retail units, with interconnecting walkways enabling visitors to easily walk from unit to unit.... in the area. They were blocked by the courts after petition by the Tongva for relief. The library of Loyola Marymount University Loyola Marymount University Loyola Marymount University is a comprehensive co-educational private Roman Catholic Church Society of Jesus university in Los Angeles, United States.... , located in Los Angeles, has an extensive collection of archival materials related to the Tongva and their history. Tribal Councils There is no single organization accepted by the Gabrielino/Tongva Nation. This is largely because of a controversy regarding opening a casino Native American gambling enterprises Indian Gaming enterprises comprise gambling businesses operated on Indian reservations or tribal land. Indian tribes have limited sovereignty over these businesses and therefore are granted the ability to establish gambling enterprises outside of direct state regulation.... on land that would be considered part of the Gabrielino/Tongva's homeland. The Gabrielino/Tongva Tribe (sometimes called the "slash" group) and Gabrielino-Tongva Tribe (sometimes called the "hyphen" group) are the two primary factions advocating a casino for the Tongva nation and sharing of revenues to all tribal members. The Gabrielino/Tongva Tribal Council of San Gabriel is the primary faction that does not support gaming for its members. None of the organizations are recognized by the federal government. The San Gabriel council broke apart over concessions given to the developers of Playa Vista Playa Vista, Los Angeles, California Playa Vista is a neighborhood located on in southwestern Los Angeles, California. Its boundaries are approximately Lincoln Boulevard on the west, Ballona Creek on the north, McConnell Avenue on the east, and the Del Rey Hills bluffs on the south.... and a proposal to build an Indian casino in Compton, California Compton, California Compton is a city in southern Los Angeles County, California, California, United States, south-southeast of downtown Los Angeles, California. The city was incorporated in 1888.... . A Santa Monica faction (parents of the "slash" and "hyphen" groups) was formed which advocated gaming for the tribe. Both the San Gabriel council and Santa Monica faction sued each other over allegations that the San Gabriel faction removed members to increase shares for other members and that tribal records were stolen in order for the Santa Monica faction to gain federal recognition. Since that time, the San Gabriel faction has not advocated gaming. The "slash" and "hyphen" groups broke apart in September 2006 when tribal secretary Sam Dunlap and tribal attorney Jonathan Stein confronted each other over various alleged fiscal improprieties and derogatory comments made to each other. Since that point, the Gabrielino/Tongva Tribe has hired former state senator Richard Polanco Richard Polanco Richard G. Polanco is a former California State Senate Majority leader and member of the California State Assembly. He is known for his significant efforts in increasing Latino representation in the California Legislature.... to be its chief executive officer. The Gabrielino-Tongva Tribe has allied with Stein and issued warrants for the arrest of Polanco and the members of the Gabrielino-Tongva's tribal council. Stein's group, which is based in Santa Monica, has proposed a casino to be built in Garden Grove, California Garden Grove, California Garden Grove is a city located in northern Orange County, California, California, United States. In 2004, the city's population was 170,000. California State Route 22, also known as the Garden Grove Freeway, passes through the city running east-west.... , approximately two miles south of Disneyland. In September 2007, the city council City council A city council is a form of local government, usually covering a city or other urban area, such as a town. The system of government has roots back at least to the Roman Empire.... of Garden Grove unanimously rejected the casino proposal, instead choosing to build a water park on the land. Population Estimates for the pre-contact populations of most native groups in California have varied substantially. Alfred L. Kroeber Alfred L. Kroeber Alfred Louis Kroeber was one of the most influential figures in United States anthropology in the first half of the twentieth century.Kroeber was born in Hoboken, New Jersey and attended Columbia College at the age of 16, earning an A.B.... suggested a 1770 population of the Gabrielino of 5,000, and most subsequent scholars have accepted this estimate. Currently there are 1,500 or more members in the Tongva tribe. The Tongva are currently working towards re-establishing long-lost family ties. Recent archaeological research In February 2006, archaeologists uncovered a prehistoric milling area estimated to be 8,000 years old at the base of the San Gabriel Mountains San Gabriel Mountains The San Gabriel Mountains are located in northern Los Angeles County, California and western San Bernardino County, California, United States. The mountain range forms a barrier between the Greater Los Angeles Area and the Mojave Desert.... near Azusa, California. The find included about 100 tools used by the Tongva tribe. In 2007 and early 2008, over 174 ancient American Indian remains were unearthed by archaeologists at a development site of Brightwater Hearthside Homes in the Bolsa Chica Mesa area in Orange County, California Orange County, California Orange County is a county in Southern California California, United States. Its county seat is Santa Ana, California. The state of California estimates its population as of 2008 to be 3,121,251, making it the third most populous county in California, behind Los Angeles County, California and San Diego County, California.... . This land was once shared by both the Tongva and Acjachemem. The site was in legal limbo for years before Heartside was given permission to start construction/development of over 300 homes. Both Tongva and Acjachemem Indians are in dispute of over the remains and how to handle them. See also Gabrielino traditional narratives Gabrielino traditional narratives Gabrielino traditional narratives include myths, legends, tales, and oral histories preserved by the Gabrielino people of the Los Angeles basin and vicinity in southern California.... External links Gabrielino/Tongva Nation Tribal Council on the Perris Valley Historical and Museum Association Perris Valley Historical and Museum Association The Perris Valley Historical and Museum Association was founded in 1964 to gather, protect, and preserve the history of the Perris.The Voluntary association collects, catalogues, and displays items of History, in addition to publishing pamphlets on valley history.... website (includes a searchable database of its collections, which include many Tongva artifacts)