Tivertsi

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Tivertsi

Tivertsi, a.k.a. Tivertsy, Tiverians ( ??????? in Russian

Russian language

Russian is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages, and the largest native language in Europe....
, ??????? in Ukrainian

Ukrainian language

Ukrainian is a language of the East Slavic languages of the Slavic languages. It is the official language of Ukraine. In some areas of Russia there are dialects, Balachka or Surzhyk, which are the Ukrainianized versions of the Russian language....
) is a tribe of early East Slavs which supposedly lived in the lands of upper Dniester

Dniester

The Dniester is a river in Eastern Europe....
, and conjecturally lower Dniester

Dniester

The Dniester is a river in Eastern Europe....
and Danube

Danube

The Danube is the longest river in the European Union and Europe's second longest river after the Volga.The river originates in the Black Forest in Germany as the much smaller Brigach and Breg River rivers which join at the eponymously named German town Donaueschingen, after which it is known as the Danube and flows eastwards for a distance...
rivers, that is in modern-day Western Ukraine, and possibly in modern-day Moldova

Moldova

Moldova , officially the Republic of Moldova is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, located between Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east and south....
, eastern Romania

Romania

Romania is a country located in Southeastern Europe Central Europe, North of the Balkan Peninsula, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian Mountains, bordering on the Black Sea....
and southern Odessa oblast

Odessa Oblast

Odessa Oblast, also written as Odesa Oblast is an administrative divisions of Ukraine of south-western Ukraine. The Capital city of the oblast is the city of Odessa....
of Ukraine

Ukraine

Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east; Belarus to the north; Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south....
. Several supposed settlements of Tivertsi are now archaeological site

Archaeological site

An archaeological site is a place in which evidence of past activity is preserved , and which has been, or may be, investigated using the discipline of archaeology and represents a part of the archaeological record...
s, in Ukraine and Moldova .

The original information about the tribe is scarce.

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Encyclopedia

Tivertsi, a.k.a. Tivertsy, Tiverians ( ??????? in Russian

Russian language

Russian is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages, and the largest native language in Europe....
, ??????? in Ukrainian

Ukrainian language

Dniester

The Dniester is a river in Eastern Europe....
, and conjecturally lower Dniester

Dniester

The Dniester is a river in Eastern Europe....
and Danube

Danube

Moldova

Moldova , officially the Republic of Moldova is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, located between Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east and south....
, eastern Romania

Romania

Odessa Oblast

Odessa Oblast, also written as Odesa Oblast is an administrative divisions of Ukraine of south-western Ukraine. The Capital city of the oblast is the city of Odessa....
of Ukraine

Ukraine

Archaeological site

Ulichs

The Ulichs were a tribe of Early East Slavs who between the eighth and the tenth century inhabited the territories along the Lower Dnieper, Bug River and the Black Sea littoral....
are briefly mentioned in early Ruthenia

Ruthenia

Ruthenia is a geographic and culturo-ethnic name applied to the parts of Eastern Europe populated by Eastern Slavic peoples, as well as to the past Russian states that existed in these territories....
n manuscripts, 863 being the earliest reference, 944 being the latest. The Primary Chronicle
Primary Chronicle

The Primary Chronicle , or Russian Primary Chronicle, is a history of Kievan Rus' from about 850 to 1110, originally compiled in Kiev about 1113....
from the Laurentian Codex
Laurentian Codex

Laurentian Codex is a collection of chronicles that includes the oldest extant version of the Primary Chronicle and its continuations, mostly relating the events in the Northern Russia ....
mentions that they lived by Dniester and Danube down to the sea (evidently, the Black Sea

Black Sea

The Black Sea is an inland sea sea bounded by southeastern Europe, the Caucasus and the Anatolia and is ultimately connected to the Atlantic Ocean via the Mediterranean Sea and Aegean Seas and various straits....
). The Hypatian Codex
Hypatian Codex

The Hypatian Codex is a compendium of three chronicles: the Primary Chronicle, Kiev Chronicle, and Galician-Volhynian Chronicle. It is the most important source of historical data for southern Rus'....
replaces Dniester with Dnieper. The Tver Chronicle mentions them in the year 883, mentioning their fight against Askold and Dir

Askold and Dir

Askold and Dir were, according to the Primary Chronicle, two of Rurik's men who ruled Kiev in the 870s. The chronicle implies that they were neither his relatives nor of noble blood....
. A number of manuscripts mention in the year 885 that they fought with Oleg

Oleg of Novgorod

Oleg of Novgorod was a Varangian prince who ruled all or part of the Rus during the early tenth century. He is credited with moving the capital of Kievan Rus' from Novgorod the Great to Kiev and, in doing so, laid the foundation for the powerful state of Kievan Rus....
. They are mentioned as taking part in Oleg's expeditions in 907 and in Igor

Igor, Grand Prince of Kiev

Igor was a Varangian ruler of Kievan Rus from 912 to 945....
's expeditions in 944, the latter year being the last reference to Tivertsi in early East Slavic manuscripts.

All other knowledge concerning them consists of the hypotheses of various historians.

Vernadsky

Vernadsky

Vernadsky may refer to:* Vladimir Vernadsky* George Vernadsky* Vernadsky * Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine* Vernadsky Research Base...
suggests that the name Tivertsi possibly originates from the fortress Turris of Justinian I

Justinian I

Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Iustinianus , AD 482 or 483 ? 13 or 14 November 565, was the second member of the Justinian Dynasty and List of Roman Emperors from 527 until his death....
, pointing out that the letter "u" was commonly rendered as "v" (or, rather, ypsilon), suggesting the common root "tvr" of Iranian origin.

At the beginning of 10th century, the tribe became part of the Kievan Rus. Starting in the mid-10th century, the Tivertsi frequently carried fights with the neighbouring Pechenegs

Pechenegs

The Pechenegs or Patzinaks were a nomad Turkic peoples people of the Central Asian steppes speaking the Pecheneg language which belonged to the Turkic languages....
and Cumans

Cumans

Cumans were a nomadic Turkic peoples people who inhabited a shifting area north of the Black Sea known as Cumania along the Volga River. They eventually settled to the west of the Black Sea, influencing the politics of Bulgaria, Serbia, Hungary, Moldavia, and Wallachia....
, as a result of which the tribe was gradually assimilated by other East Slavic tribes. In 12th and 13th centuries, some lands of Tivertsi were part of kingdom of Galicia

Galicia (Central Europe)

Galicia is a historical region in East Central Europe, currently divided between Poland and Ukraine, named after Ukra?ni?n city of Halych.The nucleus of historic Galicia is formed of three regions of western Ukraine: Lvivska oblast, Ternopilska oblast and Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast....
and later the Grand Duchy of Lithuania

Grand Duchy of Lithuania

The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was an Eastern and Central European state from the 12th /13th century until the 18th century. It was founded by Lithuanians, at the time one of the Lithuanian mythology Baltic tribes, whose initial lands covered Auk?taitija, the eastern part of present day Lithuania....
. On the lands populated by Wallachians, from Transylvania

Transylvania

Transylvania is a historical region in the central part of Romania. Bounded on the east and south by the Carpathian mountains, historical Transylvania extended in the west to the Apuseni Mountains; however, the term frequently encompasses not only Transylvania proper, but also the historical regions of Crisana, Maramures, and Banat....
, some Tivertsi were gradually assimilated by them.