Teuku Muhammad Hasan
Encyclopedia
Teuku Muhammad Hasan was an Indonesian Politician, and The First Governor of Sumatera after Indonesian Independence in 1945 , and Deputy Chairman, concurrently Home Affairs, Education & Culture and Religious Affairs ad interim in Sjafruddin Prawiranegara
's Indonesia
Emergency Cabinet (22 December 1948 – 13 July 1949).
, Aceh
. His father, Teuku Bintara Pineung Ibrahim was an Ulèë Balang in Pidie (Ulèë Balang was an aristocratic class in Aceh who led a district).
He went to Sekolah Rakyat (Volksschool) in Lampoeh Saka from 1914-1917. In 1924 he studied at Dutch-Language Uuroprrsche Lagere School (RLS), After graduated in 1924 he studied at Koningen Wilhelmina School (KWS) in Batavia (now Jakarta
). Then attended Rechtschoogeschool (Sekolah Tinggi Hukum).
when he was 25 years old, studying Law at Leiden University
in the Netherlands
.
During his time in Netherlands, he joined Indonesian student organization Indonesian Association (Perhimpunan Indonesia) and became an independence activist with other Indonesia students like Mohammad Hatta
and Sutan Sjahrir
.
He graduated as Meester in de Rechten (Master of Laws
) in 1933.
, and landed in Ulèëlheuë
Sea Port, Kutaradja (now Banda Aceh
) in 1934. He was suspected by The Dutch
authority for bringing issues about Indonesian Independence, and took all his books and other possession.
He was active in an Islamic organization Muhammadiyah
and education. During this era, they made schools and Woman Organization Aisyiah.
His other education activity was establishing Perguruan Taman Siswa
Aceh Chapter in Kutaraja, in 11 Juli 1937. Served as chairman, and with Teuku Nyak Arief as secretary.
He made a scholarship foundation Atjehsche Studiefonds (Dana Pelajar Aceh) for supporting prospective but poor students.
He also chaired Perkumpulan Usaha Sama Akan Kemajuan Anak (PUSAKA) with aim to build a school similar to Dutch's Holland Inlandsche School.
During Japanese Invasion in Indonesia 1942 - 1945, he was the chairman of Koperasi Ladang Pegawai
Negeri in Medan
He was part of Committee for Indonesian Independence Preparation or Panitia Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia (PPKI) in August 7, 1945. as a continuation from BPUPKI. This organization was chaired by Soekarno. Independence was announced on August 17, 1945, two days after Japan surrendered to the Allied Forces in the Pacific War
.
and Hatta
, instead of running away to fight guerilla warfare chose to remain in the city and were arrested.
Hearing the president was arrested, Mr Sjafruddin Prawiranegara
, the Minister of Welfare
who was in Bukit Tinggi
met Mr. Teuku Muhammad Hasan/Governor of Sumatera and Colonel Hidayat, Commander of Army and Territory of Sumatera in December 19, 1948. and established Government in Exile dubbed Emergency Government of the Republic of Indonesia
(PDRI), on December 22, 1948, in Bukittinggi
, Sumatra. Sjafruddin served as chairman of the emergency cabinet
Mr. Teuku Muhammad Hasan was appointed as Deputy Chairman of PDRI, Minister of Home Affairs, Education & Culture and Religious Affairs ad interim.
The leaders of the PDRI moved around West Sumatra
in an effort to evade arrest by the Dutch who wanted to abolish the PDRI. In 1949 the PDRI government contacted the leaders of Indonesian forces in Java and the six Republic of Indonesia government ministers in Java who had escaped arrest.
Based on the Roem-Royen peace agreement, on July 13, 1949, Dutch troops were to be pulled out from Republic of Indonesia regions and the Republic of Indonesia leaders were to be freed. The PDRI would therefore no longer be required, and Mr. Sjafruddin Prawiranegara disbanded the PDRI and returned the mandate to the President of RI.
), he recommended Oil Companies Nationalization in Indonesia and other mining companies.
His motion was accepted in August, 2 1951. This motion resulted nationalization some Dutch Oil Companies into Permina (1957) and Pertamin (1961). Both companies were merged in 1968 as Pertamina
..
Mr. Teuku Muhammad Hasan died in September, 21 1997 in Jakarta.
honored him Doctor Honoris Causa.
Mr. Teuku Muhammad Hasan was recognized as National Hero of Indonesia by Republic Indonesia Government with Keputusan Presiden (Keppres) Nomor 085/TK/Tahun 2006 dated November 3, 2006.
A street in Banda Aceh is named after his name.
Sjafruddin Prawiranegara
Sjafruddin Prawiranegara, also written Syafruddin Prawiranegara, was an Indonesian politician, economist, and latterly Islamic philosopher.- Early life :...
's Indonesia
Indonesia
Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
Emergency Cabinet (22 December 1948 – 13 July 1949).
Early life
He was born in April 4, 1906 as Teuku Sarong, into an aristocratic family in SigliSigli
Sigli is a town in Aceh province of Indonesia and it is the seat of Pidie Regency.Sigli is locate 112 kilometers from Banda Aceh.SportPersatuan Sepakbola Aceh Pidie is the football club from Sigli....
, Aceh
Aceh
Aceh is a special region of Indonesia, located on the northern tip of the island of Sumatra. Its full name is Daerah Istimewa Aceh , Nanggroë Aceh Darussalam and Aceh . Past spellings of its name include Acheh, Atjeh and Achin...
. His father, Teuku Bintara Pineung Ibrahim was an Ulèë Balang in Pidie (Ulèë Balang was an aristocratic class in Aceh who led a district).
He went to Sekolah Rakyat (Volksschool) in Lampoeh Saka from 1914-1917. In 1924 he studied at Dutch-Language Uuroprrsche Lagere School (RLS), After graduated in 1924 he studied at Koningen Wilhelmina School (KWS) in Batavia (now Jakarta
Jakarta
Jakarta is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Officially known as the Special Capital Territory of Jakarta, it is located on the northwest coast of Java, has an area of , and a population of 9,580,000. Jakarta is the country's economic, cultural and political centre...
). Then attended Rechtschoogeschool (Sekolah Tinggi Hukum).
Time in the Netherlands
He decided to go to NetherlandsNetherlands
The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...
when he was 25 years old, studying Law at Leiden University
Leiden University
Leiden University , located in the city of Leiden, is the oldest university in the Netherlands. The university was founded in 1575 by William, Prince of Orange, leader of the Dutch Revolt in the Eighty Years' War. The royal Dutch House of Orange-Nassau and Leiden University still have a close...
in the Netherlands
Netherlands
The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...
.
During his time in Netherlands, he joined Indonesian student organization Indonesian Association (Perhimpunan Indonesia) and became an independence activist with other Indonesia students like Mohammad Hatta
Mohammad Hatta
was born in Bukittinggi, West Sumatra, Dutch East Indies . He was Indonesia's first vice president, later also serving as the country's Prime Minister. Known as "The Proclamator", he and a number of Indonesians, including the first president of Indonesia, Sukarno, fought for the independence of...
and Sutan Sjahrir
Sutan Sjahrir
Sutan Sjahrir , an avant garde and idealistic Indonesian intellectual, was a revolutionary independence leader...
.
He graduated as Meester in de Rechten (Master of Laws
Master of Laws
The Master of Laws is an advanced academic degree, pursued by those holding a professional law degree, and is commonly abbreviated LL.M. from its Latin name, Legum Magister. The University of Oxford names its taught masters of laws B.C.L...
) in 1933.
Independence Struggle
Teuku Muhammad Hasan returned to IndonesiaIndonesia
Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
, and landed in Ulèëlheuë
Ulèëlheuë
Ulèë Lheuë is an area in Meuraxa sub-district, Banda Aceh, Indonesia. It was the former main seaport of Aceh. Ulèë Lheuë is made of two words. Ulèë means "head" and lheuë means little peninsula...
Sea Port, Kutaradja (now Banda Aceh
Banda Aceh
Banda Aceh is the provincial capital and largest city in the province of Aceh, Indonesia, located on the island of Sumatra, with an elevation of 35 meters. The city regency covers an area of 64 square kilometres and according to the 2000 census had a population of 219,070 people...
) in 1934. He was suspected by The Dutch
Netherlands
The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...
authority for bringing issues about Indonesian Independence, and took all his books and other possession.
He was active in an Islamic organization Muhammadiyah
Muhammadiyah
Muhammadiyah is an Islamic organization in Indonesia. Muhammadiyah, literally means "followers of Muhammad"...
and education. During this era, they made schools and Woman Organization Aisyiah.
His other education activity was establishing Perguruan Taman Siswa
Taman Siswa
The Taman Siswa was a Javanese educational movement in the Dutch East Indies, founded by Raden Mas Soewardi Soerjaningrat, a Javanese nobleman, also known as Ki Hadjar Dewantara , in July 1922.-Sources:...
Aceh Chapter in Kutaraja, in 11 Juli 1937. Served as chairman, and with Teuku Nyak Arief as secretary.
He made a scholarship foundation Atjehsche Studiefonds (Dana Pelajar Aceh) for supporting prospective but poor students.
He also chaired Perkumpulan Usaha Sama Akan Kemajuan Anak (PUSAKA) with aim to build a school similar to Dutch's Holland Inlandsche School.
During Japanese Invasion in Indonesia 1942 - 1945, he was the chairman of Koperasi Ladang Pegawai
Negeri in Medan
Medan
- Demography :The city is Indonesia's fourth most populous after Jakarta, Surabaya, and Bandung, and Indonesia's largest city outside of Java island. Much of the population lies outside its city limits, especially in Deli Serdang....
He was part of Committee for Indonesian Independence Preparation or Panitia Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia (PPKI) in August 7, 1945. as a continuation from BPUPKI. This organization was chaired by Soekarno. Independence was announced on August 17, 1945, two days after Japan surrendered to the Allied Forces in the Pacific War
Pacific War
The Pacific War, also sometimes called the Asia-Pacific War refers broadly to the parts of World War II that took place in the Pacific Ocean, its islands, and in East Asia, then called the Far East...
.
The First Governor of Sumatera
He was appointed as The First Governor of Sumatera in August 22, 1945.Emergency Government of the Republic of Indonesia
In December 1948, the Dutch launched their second "Police Action" and focused their attack on Yogyakarta. SukarnoSukarno
Sukarno, born Kusno Sosrodihardjo was the first President of Indonesia.Sukarno was the leader of his country's struggle for independence from the Netherlands and was Indonesia's first President from 1945 to 1967...
and Hatta
Hatta
Hatta may refer to:* Hatta, Gaza, an Arab village in Palestine depopulated in 1948* Hatta, Madhya Pradesh, a village in Damoh District, Madhya Pradesh, India* the Hatta number, a dimensionless parameter in chemical reaction engineering...
, instead of running away to fight guerilla warfare chose to remain in the city and were arrested.
Hearing the president was arrested, Mr Sjafruddin Prawiranegara
Sjafruddin Prawiranegara
Sjafruddin Prawiranegara, also written Syafruddin Prawiranegara, was an Indonesian politician, economist, and latterly Islamic philosopher.- Early life :...
, the Minister of Welfare
who was in Bukit Tinggi
Bukit Tinggi
Places called Bukit Tinggi are:* Bukittinggi, West Sumatra, Indonesia* Bandar Bukit Tinggi, Klang, Selangor, Malaysia* Bukit Tinggi, Pahang, Malaysia...
met Mr. Teuku Muhammad Hasan/Governor of Sumatera and Colonel Hidayat, Commander of Army and Territory of Sumatera in December 19, 1948. and established Government in Exile dubbed Emergency Government of the Republic of Indonesia
Emergency Government of the Republic of Indonesia
The Emergency Government of the Republic of Indonesia , was established by Indonesian Republicans after the Netherlands occupied Yogyakarta in Central Java the location of the temporary Republican capital...
(PDRI), on December 22, 1948, in Bukittinggi
Bukittinggi
Bukittinggi is one of the larger cities in West Sumatra, Indonesia, with a population of over 91,000 people and an area of 25.24 km². It is situated in the Minangkabau highlands, 90 km by road from the West Sumatran capital city of Padang. It is located at , near the volcanoes Mount...
, Sumatra. Sjafruddin served as chairman of the emergency cabinet
Mr. Teuku Muhammad Hasan was appointed as Deputy Chairman of PDRI, Minister of Home Affairs, Education & Culture and Religious Affairs ad interim.
The leaders of the PDRI moved around West Sumatra
West Sumatra
West Sumatra is a province of Indonesia. It lies on the west coast of the island Sumatra. It borders the provinces of North Sumatra to the north, Riau and Jambi to the east, and Bengkulu to the southeast. It includes the Mentawai Islands off the coast...
in an effort to evade arrest by the Dutch who wanted to abolish the PDRI. In 1949 the PDRI government contacted the leaders of Indonesian forces in Java and the six Republic of Indonesia government ministers in Java who had escaped arrest.
Based on the Roem-Royen peace agreement, on July 13, 1949, Dutch troops were to be pulled out from Republic of Indonesia regions and the Republic of Indonesia leaders were to be freed. The PDRI would therefore no longer be required, and Mr. Sjafruddin Prawiranegara disbanded the PDRI and returned the mandate to the President of RI.
Oil Companies Nationalization
In 1951, as the chairman of Trading and Industry Commission of DPRS (People's Representative CouncilPeople's Representative Council
The People's Representative Council , sometimes referred to as the House of Representatives, is one of two elected national legislative assemblies in Indonesia....
), he recommended Oil Companies Nationalization in Indonesia and other mining companies.
His motion was accepted in August, 2 1951. This motion resulted nationalization some Dutch Oil Companies into Permina (1957) and Pertamin (1961). Both companies were merged in 1968 as Pertamina
Pertamina
Pertamina is an Indonesian government-owned corporation which extracts and refines the country's oil and gas reserves. It was created in August 1968 by the merger of Pertamin and Permina...
..
Later Life
Mr. Teuku Muhammad Hasan established Serambi Mekkah University in Banda Aceh, and writing books. One of his book is Sejarah Perminyakan di Indonesia (published by Yayasan Sari Pinang Sakti, 1985).Mr. Teuku Muhammad Hasan died in September, 21 1997 in Jakarta.
Awards and Honors
In 1990, University of North SumatraUniversity of North Sumatra
The University of North Sumatra or is a public university located in the city of Medan in North Sumatra, Indonesia.It is situated in Padang Bulan, in the Medan Baru subdistrict of Medan, close to the City Centre, with a total area of 122 hectares...
honored him Doctor Honoris Causa.
Mr. Teuku Muhammad Hasan was recognized as National Hero of Indonesia by Republic Indonesia Government with Keputusan Presiden (Keppres) Nomor 085/TK/Tahun 2006 dated November 3, 2006.
A street in Banda Aceh is named after his name.