Leiden University

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Leiden University

Leiden University , located in the city of Leiden

Leiden

Media:Nl-Leiden.ogg is a city and municipality in the province of South Holland in the Netherlands and has 118,000 inhabitants. It forms a single urban area with Oegstgeest, Leiderdorp, Voorschoten, Valkenburg, Rijnsburg and Katwijk, with 254,000 inhabitants....
, is the oldest

List of oldest universities in continuous operation

This is a list of the oldest extant universities in the world. To be listed on this page, an educational institution must satisfy the definition of a university at the time of founding; it must have been founded before 1500 or be the oldest university in a region; and it must have been operational without a significant interruption ever sin...
university

University

A university is an institution of higher education and research, which grants academic degrees in a variety of subjects. A university provides both undergraduate education and postgraduate education....
in the Netherlands. The university was founded in 1575 by Prince William of Orange

William the Silent

William I, Prince of Orange , also widely known as William the Silent , or simply William of Orange , was born in the House of Nassau as a count of Nassau ....
, leader of the Dutch Revolt

Dutch Revolt

The Dutch Revolt, Eighty Years' War or the Revolt of the Netherlands , was the successful revolt of the Seventeen Provinces in the Low Countries against the Spanish Empire....
in the Eighty Years' War. The royal Dutch House of Orange-Nassau

House of Orange-Nassau

The House of Orange-Nassau , a branch of the European House of Nassau, has played a central role in the political life of the Netherlands — and at times in Europe — since William I of Orange organized the Dutch revolt against Spain rule, which after the Eighty Years' War led to an independent Dutch state....
and Leiden University still have a close relationship. The Queens Juliana

Juliana of the Netherlands

Juliana was Queen regnant of the Netherlands from her mother's abdication in 1948 to her own in 1980....
and Beatrix

Beatrix of the Netherlands

Beatrix has been the Queen regnant of the Kingdom of the Netherlands since 30 April 1980, when her mother, Juliana of the Netherlands, abdication....
and crown-prince Willem-Alexander studied at Leiden University. In 2005 Queen Beatrix

Beatrix of the Netherlands

Beatrix has been the Queen regnant of the Kingdom of the Netherlands since 30 April 1980, when her mother, Juliana of the Netherlands, abdication....
received a rare honorary degree

Honorary degree

An honorary degree or a degree honoris causa is an academic degree for which a university has waived the usual requirements . The degree itself is typically a doctorate or, less commonly, a master's degree, and may be awarded to someone who has no prior connection with the institution in question....
from Leiden University.

Today, Leiden University has six faculties, over 50 departments and more than 150 undergraduate programmes, and it enjoys an international reputation.

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Encyclopedia

Leiden University , located in the city of Leiden

Leiden

List of oldest universities in continuous operation

University

William the Silent

Dutch Revolt

House of Orange-Nassau

Juliana of the Netherlands

Juliana was Queen regnant of the Netherlands from her mother's abdication in 1948 to her own in 1980....
and Beatrix

Beatrix of the Netherlands

Beatrix has been the Queen regnant of the Kingdom of the Netherlands since 30 April 1980, when her mother, Juliana of the Netherlands, abdication....
received a rare honorary degree

Honorary degree

Academic Ranking of World Universities

The Academic Ranking of World Universities is compiled by Shanghai Jiao Tong University?s Institute of Higher Education and includes major institutes of higher education ranked according to a formula that took into account alumni winning Nobel Prizes and Fields Medals , staff winning Nobel Prizes and Fields Medals , ?highly-cited researchers...
ranked Leiden University 71st worldwide for 2007, 20th in Europe, and second in the Netherlands. The Times Higher Education 2008 ranked Leiden University 64th in the world overall. The university is a member of the Coimbra Group

Coimbra Group

The Coimbra Group is a network of European universities that gathers 38 universities, some of which are among the oldest and most prestigious in Europe....
, the Europaeum

Europaeum

The Europaeum is a loose organisation of ten leading European university. It was conceived of in 1990-1991 by George Weidenfeld and Sir Ronnie Grierson to support the ?advancement of education through the encouragement of European studies in the University of Oxford and other European institutions of higher education having links with Oxford?...
and the League of European Research Universities

League of European Research Universities

According to its mission statement, the League of European Research Universities is "a group of European research-intensive university committed to the values of high quality teaching within an environment of internationally competitive research."...
.

Leiden University houses more than 40 national and international (research) institutes.

History

In 1575, the emerging Dutch Republic

Dutch Republic

The Republic of the Seven United Netherlands was a European republic between 1581 and 1795, in about the same location as the modern Kingdom of the Netherlands, which is the successor state....
did not have any universities in its northern heartland. The only other university in the Netherlands was in southern Leuven

Leuven

Leuven is the capital of the province of Flemish Brabant in the Flanders, Belgium. It is located about 30 kilometers east of Brussels, with as other neighbouring cities Mechelen, Aarschot, Tienen, and Wavre....
, firmly under Spanish control. The scientific renaissance had begun to highlight the importance of academic study, so Prince William

William the Silent

William I, Prince of Orange , also widely known as William the Silent , or simply William of Orange , was born in the House of Nassau as a count of Nassau ....
founded the first Dutch university in Leiden as a reward for the heroic defence of Leiden against Spanish attacks in the previous year. Ironically, the name of Philip II of Spain

Philip II of Spain

Philip II was King of Spain from 1556 until 1598, List of monarchs of Naples from 1554 until 1598, king consort of England, as husband of Mary I of England, from 1554 to 1558, lord of the Seventeen Provinces from 1556 until 1581, holding various titles for the individual territories, such as Duke or Count; and King of Portugal as Philip I...
, William's adversary, appears on the official foundation certificate, as he was still the de jure count of Holland

Count of Holland

The Counts of Holland ruled over the county of Holland in the Low Countries between the 10th and the 16th century....
. It is traditionally said that the citizens of Leiden were offered the choice between a university and a certain exemption from tax

Tax

To tax is to impose a financial charge or other levy upon an individual or Legal person by a state or the functional equivalent of a state.Taxes are also imposed by many subnational entity....
es, and that the citizens believed that a tax law could be rescinded, whereas the great universities of Europe had survived for many centuries. Originally located in the convent of St Barbara, the university moved to the convent of the White Nuns in 1581, a site which it still occupies, though the original building was destroyed in 1616.

The presence within half a century of the date of its foundation of such scholars as Justus Lipsius

Justus Lipsius

Justus Lipsius, Joost Lips or Josse Lips , was a Flemings philologist and Humanism. Lipsius wrote a series of works designed to revive ancient Stoicism in a form that would be compatible with Christianity....
, Joseph Scaliger

Joseph Justus Scaliger

Joseph Justus Scaliger was a France religious leader and scholar, known for expanding the notion of classical history from Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome history to include Persian Empire, Babylonia , Jewish history and History of ancient Egypt....
, Franciscus Gomarus

Franciscus Gomarus

Franciscus Gomarus , was a Netherlands theology, a strict Calvinism and opponent of the teaching of Jacobus Arminius , which was formally judged at the Synod of Dordrecht ....
, Hugo Grotius, Jacobus Arminius

Jacobus Arminius

Jacobus Arminius, the Latinisation name of the The Netherlands Christian theology Jakob Harmenszoon from the Protestant Reformation period, , , served from 1603 as professor in theology at the University of Leiden....
, Daniel Heinsius

Daniel Heinsius

Daniel Heinsius , one of the most famous scholars of the Dutch Renaissance, was born at Ghent....
and Gerhard Johann Vossius

Gerhard Johann Vossius

Gerhard Johann Vossius was a Netherlands classical scholar and theology....
, at once raised Leiden university to the highest European fame, a position which the learning and reputation of Jacobus Gronovius, Herman Boerhaave

Herman Boerhaave

Herman Boerhaave was a Netherlands botanist, Humanism and physician of European fame. He is regarded as the founder of clinical teaching and of the modern academic hospital....
, Tiberius Hemsterhuis

Tiberius Hemsterhuis

Tiberius Hemsterhuis , The Netherlands philologist and critic, was born in Groningen , in The Netherlands.His father, a learned physician, gave him such a good early education that, when he entered the university of his native city in his fifteenth year, he speedily proved himself to be the best student of mathematics....
and David Ruhnken

David Ruhnken

David Ruhnken was a scholar, one of the most illustrious in the history of the Netherlands....
, among others, enabled it to maintain down to the end of the 18th century.

At the end of the nineteenth century, Leiden University again became one of Europe's leading universities. At the world’s first university low-temperature laboratory, professor Heike Kamerlingh Onnes

Heike Kamerlingh Onnes

Heike Kamerlingh Onnes was a Netherlands physicist. His scientific career was spent exploring extremely cold refrigeration techniques and the associated phenomena....
achieved temperatures of only one degree above absolute zero of -273 degrees Celsius. In 1908 he was also the first to succeed in liquifying helium

Liquid helium

Helium exists in liquid form only at very low temperatures. The boiling point and critical point depend on the isotope of the helium; see the table below for values....
and can be credited with the discovery of the superconductivity in metals.

Kamerlingh Onnes was awarded the Nobel Prize

Nobel Prize

The Nobel Prize , established in the 1895 will of Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel; it was first awarded in Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize in Literature, and Nobel Peace Prize in 1901....
for Physics in 1913. Three other professors received the Nobel Prize for their research performed at Universiteit Leiden: Hendrik Antoon Lorentz and Pieter Zeeman

Pieter Zeeman

Pieter Zeeman was a Netherlands physics who shared the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics with Hendrik Lorentz for his discovery of the Zeeman effect....
received the Nobel Prize

Nobel Prize

The Nobel Prize , established in the 1895 will of Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel; it was first awarded in Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize in Literature, and Nobel Peace Prize in 1901....
for their pioneering work in the field of optical and electronic phenomena, and the physiologist Willem Einthoven

Willem Einthoven

Willem Einthoven was a Dutch Physician and physiology. He invented the first practical electrocardiogram in 1903 and received the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1924 for it....
for his invention of the string galvanometer, which among other things, enabled the development of electrocardiography.

These Nobel prize winners, but also the physicists Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein

Paul Ehrenfest

Paul Ehrenfest was an Austrian physicist and mathematician, who obtained Netherlands citizenship on March 24, 1922. He made major contributions to the field of statistical mechanics and its relations with quantum physics, including the theory of phase transition and the Ehrenfest theorem....
, the Arabist and Islam expert Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje

Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje

Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje was a Netherlands scholar of Oriental cultures and languages and Advisor on Native Affairs to the Dutch empire of the Netherlands East Indies....
, the law expert Cornelis van Vollenhoven

Cornelis van Vollenhoven

Cornelis van Vollenhoven was a Netherlands law professor and legal scholar, best known for his work on the legal systems of the East Indies.Cornelis van Vollenhoven began his university studies at Leiden at the age of 17, where he would earn many degrees, including: a masters in law , a bachelors degree in Semitic languages , a masters in...
and historian Johan Huizinga

Johan Huizinga

Johan Huizinga , was a Netherlands historian and one of the founders of modern cultural history....
, were among those who pushed the university into a place of international prominence during the 1920s and 1930s. In 2005 the of Einstein

Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein was a Germany-born theoretical physics. He is best known for his theory of relativity and specifically mass?energy equivalence, expressed by the equation E = mc2....
on the quantum theory of the monatomic ideal gas (the Einstein-Bose condensation) was discovered in one of Leiden's libraries.

At present, Leiden has a firmly established international position among the top research institutes in many fields, including the natural sciences, medicine, social and behavioural sciences, law, arts and letters. Of the forty-eight Spinozapremie

Spinozapremie

The Spinozapremie is an annual award by the Netherlands Research Council of 1.5 million Euro, to be spent on new research. The award is the highest scientific award in The Netherlands....
(the highest scientific award of The Netherlands), eleven were granted to professors of the Universiteit Leiden. Literary historian Frits van Oostrom

Frits van Oostrom

Frits van Oostrom , born in Utrecht , The Netherlands, is University Professor for the Humanities at the Utrecht University. From September 2004 to June 2005, he was a fellow of the Netherlands Institute for Advanced Study ....
was the first professor of Leiden to be granted the Spinoza award for his work on developing the NLCM centre (Dutch literature and culture in the Middle Ages) into a top research centre. Other Spinozapremie

Spinozapremie

The Spinozapremie is an annual award by the Netherlands Research Council of 1.5 million Euro, to be spent on new research. The award is the highest scientific award in The Netherlands....
winners are linguists Frits Kortlandt and Pieter Muysken, mathematician Hendrik Lenstra

Hendrik Lenstra

Hendrik Willem Lenstra, Jr. is a Netherlands mathematician. Lenstra received his doctorate from the University of Amsterdam in 1977 and became a professor there in 1978....
, Carlo Beenakker

Carlo Beenakker

Carlo W. J. Beenakker is a professor at Leiden University and leader of the university's mesoscopic physics group, established in 1992.Born in Leiden, he graduated there in 1982 and obtained his doctorate two years later....
, who works in the field of mesoscopic physics, Ewine van Dishoeck

Ewine van Dishoeck

Ewine van Dishoeck is a Netherlands astronomer and chemist. She is Professor of Molecular Astrophysics and the director of the Raymond and Beverly Sackler Laboratory for Astrophysics at the Leiden University....
, astronomer at Leiden Observatory

Leiden Observatory

Leiden Observatory is an astronomy observatory in the city of Leiden in the Netherlands. It was established by Leiden University in 1633, to house the quadrant of Snellius, and is the oldest operating University observatory in the world ....
, transplantation biologist Els Goulmy

Els Goulmy

Els Goulmy is professor of transplantation biology, especially regarding minor histocompatibility antigen, at Leiden University. She was awarded the Spinozapremie in 2002....
, clinical epidemiologist Frits Rosendaal, Rien van IJzendoorn professor of education and child studies, physicist Jan Zaanen

Jan Zaanen

Jan Zaanen is Professor of Theoretical Physics at Leiden University, The Netherlands. He is best known for his contributions to the understanding of the quantum physics of the electrons in strongly correlated material, and in particular High temperature superconductivity....
and archeologist Wil Roebroeks. Among other leading professors are Wim Blockmans

Wim Blockmans

Wim Pieter Blockmans is Professor of Medieval History at Leiden University.He earned a Ph.D. from the University of Ghent. He has also been Rector of the Netherlands Institute for Advanced Study since September 2002....
, professor of Medieval History, and Willem Adelaar, professor of Amerindian Languages.

The portraits of many famous professor

Professor

The meaning of the word professor varies. In some English-speaking countries, it refers to a senior academic who holds a departmental chair, especially as head of the Academic department, or a personal chair awarded specifically to that individual....
s since the earliest days hang in the university aula, one of the most memorable places, as Niebuhr

Carsten Niebuhr

Carsten Niebuhr or Karsten Niebuhr was a Germany mathematician, cartographer, and explorer....
called it, in the history of science.

The University Library

Leiden University Library

Leiden University Library is a library founded in 1575 in Leiden, the Netherlands. It is regarded as a significant place in the development of European culture: it is a part of a small number of cultural centres that gave direction to the development and spread of knowledge during the The Age of Enlightenment....
, which has more than 3.5 million books and fifty thousand journals, also has a number of internationally renowned special collections of western and oriental manuscripts, printed books, archives, prints, drawings, photographs, maps, and atlases. Scholars from all over the world visit Leiden University Library

Leiden University Library

Leiden University Library is a library founded in 1575 in Leiden, the Netherlands. It is regarded as a significant place in the development of European culture: it is a part of a small number of cultural centres that gave direction to the development and spread of knowledge during the The Age of Enlightenment....
focus on these special collections and concentrate particularly on the various aspects of the transmission of knowledge and ideas through texts and images from antiquity to the present day.

Among the institutions affiliated with the university are The KITLV

KITLV

The Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies at Leiden was founded in 1851. Its objective is the advancement of the study of the anthropology, linguistics, social sciences, and history of South East Asia, the Pacific Area, and the Caribbean....
or Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies (founded in 1851), the observatory

Leiden Observatory

Egypt

Egypt is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Western Asia. Covering an area of about , Egypt borders the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west....
ian and India

India

India, officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, the List of countries by population country, and the most populous liberal democracy in the world....
n departments; a museum of Dutch antiquities from the earliest times; and three ethnographical museums, of which the nucleus was Philipp Franz von Siebold

Philipp Franz von Siebold

Philipp Franz Balthasar von Siebold was a German physician. He emerged as the first European to teach Western medicine in Japan. He obtained significance for his study of Japanese flora and fauna that were endemic to the unique biotic island landscape....
's Japan

Japan

Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, People's Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south....
ese collections. The anatomical

Anatomy

Anatomy is a branch of biology that is the consideration of the body plan. It is a general term that includes human anatomy, animal anatomy and plant anatomy ....
and pathological

Pathology

Pathology is the study and diagnosis of disease through examination of Organ , tissue , bodily fluids and whole bodies . The term also encompasses the related science study of disease processes, called General pathology....
laboratories of the university are modern, and the museums of geology

Geology

Geology is the science and study of the solid and liquid matter that constitute the Earth. The field of geology encompasses the study of the composition, structural geology, physical properties, dynamics, and History of the Earth of Earth materials, and the processes by which they are formed, moved, and changed....
and mineralogy

Mineralogy

Mineralogy is an Earth Science focused around the chemistry, crystal structure, and physical properties of minerals. Specific studies within mineralogy include the processes of mineral origin and formation, classification of minerals, their geographical distribution, as well as their utilization....
have been restored.

The Hortus Botanicus

Hortus Botanicus Leiden

The Hortus Botanicus of Leiden is the oldest botanical garden of the Netherlands, and one of the oldest in the world. It is located in the southwestern part of the historical centre of the city, between the Academy building and the Leiden Observatory....
(botanical garden) is the oldest botanical garden

Botanical garden

Botanical gardens grow a wide variety of plants primarily to categorize and document for scientific purposes. Botanists and horticulturalists tend the flora and maintain the garden's library and herbarium of dried and documented plant material....
in the Netherlands. Plants from all over the world have been carefully cultivated here by experts for more than four centuries. The Clusius garden (a reconstruction), the 18th century Orangery with its monumental tub plants, the rare collection of historical trees hundreds of years old, the Japanese Siebold Memorial Museum

Siebold Memorial Museum

Siebold Memorial Museum was opened in Nagasaki, Nagasaki city in 1989 in honour of Philipp Franz von Siebold's great contributions to the development of modern science in Japan....
symbolising the historical link between East and West, the tropical greenhouses with their world class plant collections, and the central square and Conservatory exhibiting exotic plants from South Africa and southern Europe.

Research at Leiden is well developed. There are many university research institutes and Leiden participates in over forty nation-wide research schools, twelve of which being located in the heart of Leiden.

The institution

The university has no central campus; its buildings are spread over the city. Some buildings, like the Gravensteen, are very old, while buildings like Lipsius and Gorlaeus are much more modern. The university is divided into six major faculties which offer approximately 50 undergraduate degree programs and over 100 graduate programs.

!align=left|Faculties ! |- |Humanities

Humanities

The humanities are academic disciplines which study the human condition, using methods that are primarily analytic, critical, or speculative, as distinguished from the mainly empirical approaches of the natural science and social sciences....
| |- |Law

LAW

LAW may refer to:* Anti-tank warfare, e.g. the US Army M72 LAW or the British Army LAW 80*Palestinian Society for the Protection of Human Rights ...
| |- |Medicine

Medicine

Medicine is the art and science of healing. It encompasses a range of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention and treatment of illness....
or LUMC

Leiden University Medical Center

The Leiden University Medical Center or LUMC, is the university hospital affiliated with Leiden University, of which it forms the medical faculty....
| |- |Mathematics

Mathematics

Mathematics is the study of quantity, structure, space, change, and related topics of pattern and form. Mathematicians seek out patterns whether found in numbers, space, natural science, computers, imaginary abstractions, or elsewhere....
and Natural Sciences | |- |Social and Behavioural sciences

Behavioural sciences

Behavioural science is a term that encompasses all the disciplines that explore the activities of and interactions among organisms in the natural world....
| |- |Archaeology

Archaeology

Archaeology, archeology, or arch?ology is the science that studies Homo cultures through the recovery, documentation, analysis, and interpretation of material remains and environmental data, including architecture, Artifact , features, Biofact s, and cultural landscape....
| |-

Education

Undergraduate programs

Most of the university's departments offer their own degree program(s). Undergraduate programs lead to either a B.A.

Bachelor of Arts

Bachelor of Arts , from the Latin language Artium Baccalaureus, is an Undergraduate education bachelor's degree awarded for either a course or a program in either the liberal arts, the sciences or both....
, B.Sc.

Bachelor of Science

A Bachelor of Science is an bachelor's degree academic degree awarded for completed courses that generally last three to five years ....
or LL.B.

Bachelor of Laws

The Bachelor of Laws is an undergraduate, or bachelor, degree in law offered in most common law countries as the primary law degree and which originated in England....
degree. Other degrees, such as the B.Eng.

Bachelor of Engineering

Bachelor of Engineering is an undergraduate academic degree awarded to a student after three to five years of studying engineering at universities in Australia, Canada, China, Egypt, Finland, Germany, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand, the Netherlands, Nigeria, Pakistan, Singapore, South Africa, Zimbabwe, the United Sta...
or B.F.A.

Bachelor of Fine Arts

In the United States, the Bachelor of Fine Arts, usually abbreviated BFA, is the standard undergraduate Academic degree for students seeking a professional education in the visual arts or performing arts....
, are not awarded at Leiden University.

*African Languages and Cultures
*Archeology
*Arabic, Persian and Turkish Languages and Cultures
*Art History
*Assyriology
*Astronomy
*Biology
*Biomedical Sciences
*Bio-Pharmaceutical Sciences
*Chemistry
*Chinese Languages and Cultures
*Classics
*Comparative Indo-European Linguistics
*Computer Science
*Criminology
*Cultural Anthropology
*Developmental Sociology
*Dutch Language and Literature
*Dutch Studies
*Educational Sciences
*Egyptian Languages and Cultures (Egyptology)
*English Language and Culture
*French Language and Culture
*German Language and Culture
*History
*Hebrew and Aramaic Languages and Cultures
*Indian American Studies

*Indology (South and central Asia)
*Indonesian Languages and Cultures
*Italian Language and Culture
*Japanese Languages and Cultures
*Korean Languages and Cultures
*Latin American Studies (Spanish Languages and Cultures)
*Law (General Dutch Law track)
*Linguistics
*Life Science and Technology
*Literature
*Mathematics
*Medicine (6-year track)
*Molecular Science and Technology
*Near Eastern Studies
*New Persian Languages and Cultures (Turkish)
*Notarial Law
*Philosophy
*Physics
*Political Science
*Public Administration
*Psychology
*Russian Studies
*Slavic Languages and Literatures
*Southeast Asia and Oceania Languages and Cultures
*Tax Law
*Theology
*World Religion Studies

Graduate Studies

Students can choose from a range of graduate programs. Most of the above mentioned undergraduate programs can be continued with either a general or a specialised graduate program. Leiden University offers more than 100 graduate programs leading to either M.A.

Master of Arts (postgraduate)

A Master of Arts is a Postgraduate education academic degree master degree awarded by University in many countries. The degree is typically studied for in English language, Fine Arts, History, Humanities, Philosophy, Social Sciences or Theology and can be either fully-taught, research-based, or a combination of the two....
, M.Sc.

Master of Science

A Master of Science is a postgraduate academic master's degree awarded by universities in a large number of countries. The degree is typically studied for in the sciences and occasionally in the social sciences....
, M.Phil.

Master of Philosophy

The Master of Philosophy is a postgraduate research degree requiring the completion of a thesis. It is a lesser degree than the Doctor of Philosophy or Engineering Doctorate , greater than the Bachelor of Philosophy , and is of greater scope than the Master of Arts and Master of Science degrees....
, or LL.M. degree

Master of Laws

The Master of Laws is an advanced academic degree, or research degree, and is commonly abbreviated LL.M. from its Latin name, Legum Magister....
. The M.Phil. is a special research degree and only awarded by selected departments of the university (mostly in the fields of Arts, Social Sciences, Archeology, Philosophy, and Theology). Admission to these programs are highly selective and primarily aiming at those students opting for an academic career. Some of the notable graduate programs are

Air and Space Law
Asian Studies
Bioinformatics
Chemistry

Industrial Ecology Msc (track)

DNA computing
Drug Delivery Technology and Biopharmaceutics
European Law
European Business Law
European Union Studies
Evolutionary and Ecological Sciences
Functional Genomics
History
ICT in Business
Public International Law
International Relations and Diplomacy
Islamic Studies
Life Science and Technology
Linguistics
Media Technology
Media Technology programme at Leiden University

The Media Technology Master of Science programme at Leiden University is a common initiative of* the Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science and...
Nanoscience
Philosophy of a Specific Discipline
Toxicology

Doctorate programs

In addition, most departments, affiliated (research)institutes or faculties offer doctorate programs or positions, leading to the Ph.D

Doctor of Philosophy

Doctor of Philosophy, abbreviated Ph.D. or PhD for the Latin , meaning "teacher of philosophy", is an postgraduate academic degree awarded by University....
degree. Most of the Ph.D. programs offered by the university are concentrated in several research schools or institutes.

Research schools and affiliated institutes

Leiden University has more than 50 research and graduate schools and institutes. Some of them are fully affiliated with one faculty of the university, while others are interfaculty institutes or even interuniversity institutes. Most of the scholars working in the Netherlands are associated with one of these schools or institutes.

Institute
ASC	Research Centre for African Studies
CNWS	Research School of Asian, African, and American Studies
CRC	Crisis Research Centre
CTI	Center for Language and Identity
E.M. Meijers Institute	Research School for Legal Studies
eLaw@Leiden	Centre for Law in the Information Society
Grotius Hugo Grotius Hugo Grotius worked as a jurist in the Dutch Republic. With Francisco de Vitoria and Alberico Gentili he laid the foundations for international law, based on natural law.... Centre	Research Centre for International Legal Studies
GSS	Leiden Graduate School of Science
Historical Institute	Research Institute of History
Huizinga Johan Huizinga Johan Huizinga , was a Netherlands historian and one of the founders of modern cultural history.... Instituut	Research Institute and Graduate School of Cultural History
IBL	Research Institute for Biology
IIAS	International Institute for Asian Studies
IOPS	Interuniversity Graduate School Psychometrics and Sociometrics
ISED	Institute for the Study of Educational and Human Development
LACDR	The Leiden Amsterdam Center for Drug Research
LCMBS	Leiden Centre for Molecular BioScience
LGSAS	Leiden Graduate School for Archeology
LIACS	Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science
LIBC	Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition
LIC	Leiden Institute of Chemistry
LION	Leiden Institute of Physics
LISOR	Leiden Institute for the Study of Religion
LUCL	Leiden University Centre for Linguistics
LUMC	Leiden University Medical Centre
LUMI	Leiden University Mathematical Institute
Mediëvistiek	Netherlands Research School for Medieval Studies
NIG	Netherlands Institute of Government
NOVA	Netherlands Research School for Astronomy
N.W. Posthumus Instituut	Netherlands Research Institute and School for Economic and Social History
OIKOS	National Graduate School in Classical Studies
Onderzoekschool Kunstgeschiedenis	Dutch Postgraduate School for Art History
OSL	Netherlands Graduate School for Literary Studies
PALLAS	Research Institute of Art History and Literatures of the Western World
Polybios	Graduate School for Political Science and International Affairs
Sterrewacht Leiden Leiden Observatory Leiden Observatory is an astronomy observatory in the city of Leiden in the Netherlands. It was established by Leiden University in 1633, to house the quadrant of Snellius, and is the oldest operating University observatory in the world ....	Leiden Astronomical Observatory
The Europa Institute	Research Institute for Legal Studies in the Field of European Integration
Van Vollenhoven Institute	Research Institute for Law, Governance and Development

Leiden University

History

The institution

Education

Undergraduate programs

Graduate Studies

Doctorate programs

Research schools and affiliated institutes

Alumni and other people associated with Leiden University

See also

External links