Taurida Soviet Socialist Republic
Encyclopedia
The Taurida Soviet Socialist Republic was a short-lived Soviet Republic
situated in Crimea
and adjacent areas that were the former Taurida Governorate
of the Russian Empire
. The state existed from 19 March to 30 April 1918 and was a member of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
.
, the ethnic Tatar
government proclaimed the Crimean People's Republic
on 13 December 1917. The republic did not manage to hold onto its independence for too long and was overrun by Bolshevik forces in January 1918 like many other newly-formed states after the fall of the Russian Empire. On its territory, the Taurida Soviet Socialist Republic was established by decrees of the Tauridan Central Executive Committee (CEC) in Simferopol
on 19 and 21 March. Mainland areas of Taurida north of Crimea were also claimed by the Donetsk-Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic
.
The Taurida Soviet Socialist Republic was quickly overrun by the forces of the Ukrainian People's Republic
with a military assistance from the German Empire
in the Crimean Offensive of 1918. At the end of April 1918, the majority of the CEC and the Council of People's Commissars, including council leader Anton Słucki, as well as local Bolshevik chief Jan Tarwacki were arrested and shot by invading German troops in Alushta
and, on 30 April, the state was abolished.
Following the invasion, a German-protected Crimean Regional Government
was established under Maciej Sulkiewicz and, later, Solomon Krym
. After the defeat of the White movement
's Volunteer Army
and the reassertion of Soviet
control in late 1920, the lands of former state were divided between the peninsular Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
under the Russian SFSR and the mainland portions which accrued to the Ukrainian SSR
. Today, the entire area is part of Ukraine
.
Post-Russian Empire states
Soviet republic (system of government)
A Soviet Republic is a system of government in which the whole state power belongs to the Soviets . Although the term is usually associated with communist states, it was not initially intended to represent only one political force, but merely a form of democracy and representation.In the classic...
situated in Crimea
Crimea
Crimea , or the Autonomous Republic of Crimea , is a sub-national unit, an autonomous republic, of Ukraine. It is located on the northern coast of the Black Sea, occupying a peninsula of the same name...
and adjacent areas that were the former Taurida Governorate
Taurida Governorate
The Taurida Governorate or Government of Taurida was a historical governorate of the Russian Empire. It included the Crimean peninsula and the mainland between the lower Dnieper River and the coasts of the Black Sea and Sea of Azov It was formed after the defunct Taurida Oblast in was abolished in...
of the Russian Empire
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...
. The state existed from 19 March to 30 April 1918 and was a member of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic , commonly referred to as Soviet Russia, Bolshevik Russia, or simply Russia, was the largest, most populous and economically developed republic in the former Soviet Union....
.
History
Following the 1917 October RevolutionOctober Revolution
The October Revolution , also known as the Great October Socialist Revolution , Red October, the October Uprising or the Bolshevik Revolution, was a political revolution and a part of the Russian Revolution of 1917...
, the ethnic Tatar
Crimean Tatars
Crimean Tatars or Crimeans are a Turkic ethnic group that originally resided in Crimea. They speak the Crimean Tatar language...
government proclaimed the Crimean People's Republic
Crimean People's Republic
The Crimean People's Republic existed during December, 1917, and January, 1918, in the Crimean peninsula, located in the south of the present-day Ukraine. The Republic was the first attempt in the Muslim world to establish a state that was both democratic and secular...
on 13 December 1917. The republic did not manage to hold onto its independence for too long and was overrun by Bolshevik forces in January 1918 like many other newly-formed states after the fall of the Russian Empire. On its territory, the Taurida Soviet Socialist Republic was established by decrees of the Tauridan Central Executive Committee (CEC) in Simferopol
Simferopol
-Russian Empire and Civil War:The city was renamed Simferopol in 1784 after the annexation of the Crimean Khanate to the Russian Empire by Catherine II of Russia. The name Simferopol is derived from the Greek, Συμφερόπολις , translated as "the city of usefulness." In 1802, Simferopol became the...
on 19 and 21 March. Mainland areas of Taurida north of Crimea were also claimed by the Donetsk-Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic
Donetsk-Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic
The Donetsk-Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic was a short-lived and never recognized Soviet Republic founded on 12 February 1918 and sought an independence from the Soviet Ukraine...
.
The Taurida Soviet Socialist Republic was quickly overrun by the forces of the Ukrainian People's Republic
Ukrainian People's Republic
The Ukrainian People's Republic or Ukrainian National Republic was a republic that was declared in part of the territory of modern Ukraine after the Russian Revolution, eventually headed by Symon Petliura.-Revolutionary Wave:...
with a military assistance from the German Empire
German Empire
The German Empire refers to Germany during the "Second Reich" period from the unification of Germany and proclamation of Wilhelm I as German Emperor on 18 January 1871, to 1918, when it became a federal republic after defeat in World War I and the abdication of the Emperor, Wilhelm II.The German...
in the Crimean Offensive of 1918. At the end of April 1918, the majority of the CEC and the Council of People's Commissars, including council leader Anton Słucki, as well as local Bolshevik chief Jan Tarwacki were arrested and shot by invading German troops in Alushta
Alushta
Alushta is a resort town in Crimea, Ukraine, founded in the 6th century by Emperor Justinian. It is situated on the Black Sea on the road from Gurzuf to Sudak, as well as on the Crimean Trolleybus line....
and, on 30 April, the state was abolished.
Following the invasion, a German-protected Crimean Regional Government
Crimean Regional Government
The Crimean Regional Government refers to two successive short-lived regimes in Crimea in 1918 and 1919.Following Russia's 1917 October Revolution, an ethnic Tatar government proclaimed the Crimean People's Republic...
was established under Maciej Sulkiewicz and, later, Solomon Krym
Solomon Krym
Solomon Krym was an agronomist and a Crimean Karaite politician.He was elected in 1906 to the First Duma as a Kadet ....
. After the defeat of the White movement
White movement
The White movement and its military arm the White Army - known as the White Guard or the Whites - was a loose confederation of Anti-Communist forces.The movement comprised one of the politico-military Russian forces who fought...
's Volunteer Army
Volunteer Army
The Volunteer Army was an anti-Bolshevik army in South Russia during the Russian Civil War of 1918-1920....
and the reassertion of Soviet
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
control in late 1920, the lands of former state were divided between the peninsular Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was created on October 18, 1921 as Crimean Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic of RSFSR in place of Taurida Governorate and within the Crimean Peninsula,...
under the Russian SFSR and the mainland portions which accrued to the Ukrainian SSR
Ukrainian SSR
The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic or in short, the Ukrainian SSR was a sovereign Soviet Socialist state and one of the fifteen constituent republics of the Soviet Union lasting from its inception in 1922 to the breakup in 1991...
. Today, the entire area is part of Ukraine
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
.
See also
- Russian Civil WarRussian Civil WarThe Russian Civil War was a multi-party war that occurred within the former Russian Empire after the Russian provisional government collapsed to the Soviets, under the domination of the Bolshevik party. Soviet forces first assumed power in Petrograd The Russian Civil War (1917–1923) was a...
Post-Russian Empire states