Summons of the Lord of Hosts
Encyclopedia
The Summons of the Lord of Hosts is a collection of the tablets
of Bahá'u'lláh
, founder of the Bahá'í Faith
, that were written to the kings and rulers of the world during his exile in Adrianople and in the early years of his exile to the fortress town of `Akká
in 1868. Bahá'u'lláh claimed to be the Promised One of all religions and all ages and summoned the leaders of East and West to recognize him as the promised one. The Summons of the Lord of Hosts is the printing of five distinct tablets of this material.
The Súriy-i-Haykal or Tablet of the Temple, is a composite work which consists of a tablet followed by five messages addressed to Pope Pius IX, Napoleon III, Czar Alexander II
, Queen Victoria
, and Naser al-Din Shah Qajar. The messages were written while Bahá'u'lláh was in Edirne
(Adrianople) and shortly after its completion, Bahá'u'lláh instructed the Surih and the tablets to the kings be written in the form of a pentacle, symbolizing the human temple and added to it the conclusion:
Shoghi Effendi
, who described the tablet as one of Bahá'u'lláh's most challenging works, writes about the Súriy-i-Haykal, "words which reveal the importance He attached to those Messages, and indicate their direct association with the prophecies of the Old Testament" referring to the prophecy in the Old Testament where Zechariah had promised the rebuilding of the Temple in the End of Times. In the Book of Zechariah
it is recorded:
Shoghi Effendi, in The Promised Day is Come (pp. 47–8), refers to this rebuilding of the temple as fulfilled in the return of the Manifestation of God
in a human temple. Throughout the tablet, Bahá'u'lláh address the Haykal (the Temple) and explains the glory which is invested in it. Bahá'u'lláh, in response to a question, has stated that the Haykal is the person of Bahá'u'lláh. Adib Taherzadeh has written that "[i]t is fascinating to know that the One Who speaks with the voice of God in this Tablet is identical with the One spoken to."
Regarding the Haykal, Bahá'u'lláh writes that it refers to the human or physical temple of the Manifestation of God
(prophets of God). He states that the Manifestation of God is a pure mirror that reflects the sovereignty of God and manifests God's beauty and grandeur to mankind. In essence Bahá'u'lláh explains that the Manifestation of God is a "Living Temple" and every time that Bahá'u'lláh addresses the Haykal he shows a new facet of God's revelation.
The Haykal, which represents the Manifestation of God
who spreads the Word of God in the form of a human temple, has members each of whom symbolize one of the signs and attributes of God. To the eyes of the Haykal he asks it to not look at the world of creation, but instead to focus on the beauty of God. To the Haykal's ears Bahá'u'lláh asks it to become deaf to the voices of the ungodly and to listen to the Word of God. To the tongue of the Haykal Bahá'u'lláh states that it has been created to mention the name of God. To the hands of the Haykal Bahá'u'lláh asks them to stretch out upon all humankind and hold within their grasp the reins of God. Finally, Bahá'u'lláh states that from the heart of the Haykal knowledge will emerge and raise scientists who will bring about technological achievements.
Another symbol used by Bahá'u'lláh in describing the Haykal is through the four letters (H, Y, K, and L) that compose the word in the Arabic
. Bahá'u'lláh in the tablet explains the spiritual significance of each letter: H is the for Huwiyyah (Essence of Divinity), Y is for Qadír (Almighty), K is for Karím (All Bountiful), and L is for Fadl (Grace).
Regarding the five other messages to the rulers that form the pentacle of the Súriy-i-Haykal, Bahá'u'lláh tells them he is the Manifestation of God
for this day, and that they should accept his message. The message to Násiri'd-Dín Sháh, which is the longest message, was delivered to the Shah by Badí‘
, a youth who was killed by the Shah shortly thereafter.
The Súriy-i-Ra'ís , or Tablet of the Chief, which addresses `Alí Páshá, the Ottoman
Prime Minister, was written in August 1868, when Bahá'u'lláh and the other Bahá'ís were being exiled from Adrianople
to Gallipoli
to their final destination of the prison city of Akká
. The Súriy-i-Ra'ís, written in Arabic
, was revealed in honour of Haji Muhammad Isma'il-i-Kashani, a faithful believer of Bahá'u'lláh. In the tablet, Bahá'u'lláh writes about `Alí Páshá's claimed abuse of civil power.
In the tablet, Bahá'u'lláh tells `Alí Páshá, whom he calls chief, to listen to the voice of God, and that no power on earth can prevent him from proclaiming God's message and from achieving his purpose. Bahá'u'lláh further accuses `Alí Páshá of conspiring with the Persian
Ambassador to harm him, and forecasts that because of this injustice he will find himself with a "manifest loss." Furthermore, Bahá'u'lláh compares `Alí Páshá with those who rose up against previous prophets, such as Nimrod
against Abraham
, Pharaoh
against Moses
, and the Persian Emperor against Muhammad
.
Regarding `Alí Páshá's superior, Sultan Abd-ul-Aziz, Bahá'u'lláh prophesies that the Sultan will no longer control Adrinople
:
Another topic discussed in the tablet is that Bahá'u'lláh glorifies his own revelation, and prophesies that it will encompass the entire earth. Regarding his revelation he wrote:
Bahá'u'lláh also describes the nature of the soul
. He explains that if the soul acquires spiritual qualities in this world it will move towards God. After physical death it will separate from the body and live in the worlds of God, but if the soul does not acquire spiritual attributes it will be far from God.
Concerning the significance of the Suriy-i-Ra'is, Bahá'u'lláh, in a later tablet, wrote that from the moment the Súriy-i-Ra'ís was written the world has been in constant tribulation and that an immense cataclysmic process has been set in motion, and he warns that only remedy is that people accept his message. (Bahá'u'lláh, Gleanings from the Writings of Bahá'u'lláh, p. 38)
The Lawh-i-Ra'ís or Tablet of the Chief, is also addressed to `Alí Páshá. Bahá'u'lláh wrote this tablet in Persian
shortly after his incarceration in Akká
soon after the death of three of his followers.
In the second tablet, to `Alí Páshá, Bahá'u'lláh further rebukes `Alí Páshá for acts which Bahá'u'lláh claims are cruel, and compares him to those who had opposed the prophets of the past. Bahá'u'lláh states that `Alí Páshá's true motives are self, passion and power, and blames him for visiting a number of cruelties on innocent people including sending women and young children to prison. He also writes about the treatment that the Bahá'ís were given when incarcerated in Akká, which he states was inhumane, including receiving no food and water, causing two deaths. Bahá'u'lláh also informs `Alí Páshá that if he would change course and accept Bahá'u'lláh's message, he would become transformed, but if he continues his ways God will chastise him from all directions.
In this tablet Bahá'u'lláh also states that while at Gallipoli
he sent a message to the Sultan through a Turkish office asking for a face to face meeting where he could convey the truth of his message, and that he would be ready to produce anything the Sultan considered would be proof of the truth of his message. He stated that if in this meeting he fulfilled the Sultan's request, then the Sultan should release all the innocent prisoners. Bahá'u'lláh states that the Sultan never accepted His request.
The Lawh-i-Fu'ád or Tablet of Fu'ád revealed in 1869 was addressed to Shaykh Kázim-i-Samandar
, a native of Qazvin, and one the Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh
. The tablet was written in Arabic shortly after the death of Fu'ád Páshá, the foreign minister of Ottoman Empire
, who was dismissed from his post in 1869 and died shortly thereafter in Nice
, France
.
Fu'ád Páshá was a close collaborator of the Grand Vizir, `Ali Páshá, who had exiled Bahá'u'lláh to the prison city of Akká
. In the tablet, Bahá'u'lláh rebukes Fu'ád Páshá and states that God had taken his life as a punishment for inflicting suffering on Bahá'u'lláh. Bahá'u'lláh states that Fu'ád Páshá's soul will face the wrath of God in the afterlife
.
Bahá'u'lláh in the tablet also foreshadows the downfall and the overthrow of both the Sultan and the Grand Vizir `Ali Páshá. Soon thereafter, `Ali Páshá was dismissed from his post, and died in 1871. At this time, opposition to the Sultan started which led to his losing power in 1876, and being killed a few days later.
Fulfillment of the prophecies in the Lawh-i-Fu'ád regarding the downfall of the Sultan and the Grand Vizer played an important role in the conversion of Mírzá Abu'l-Fadl
, one of the Bahá'í Faith
's foremost scholars.
Other topics discussed in the tablet include the spiritual consequences of the abuse of power as well as Covenant-breaking.
The Súriy-i-Mulúk , or the Tablet to the Kings is a tablet written by Bahá'u'lláh, addressed collectively to the monarch
s of the East
and the West
. The tablet was written near the year 1870 in Arabic
while he was in Adrianople
, Turkey
.
The tablet has three main themes: the responsibility of kings to accept his message, some general counsel for kings and rulers, and the consequences of not accepting his message. Bahá'u'lláh
discloses the character of his mission to the monarchs and tells them to accept his message. He states that he is the Manifestation of God
for this age, and that his mission is to unite the human race. He also warns of the consequences of not following his advice. The tablet serves as a third stage of Bahá'u'lláh's claim to the station of He whom God shall make manifest
to the world. The first stage consisted of Bahá'u'lláh telling those who accompanied him to Constantinople
in the Garden of Ridván
; the second stage consisted of Bahá'u'lláh announcing his station to all the members of the Bábí community in Adrianople
through various tablets, and the final stage consisted of Bahá'u'lláh proclaiming his claim to the world at large through its kings and rulers.
In the tablet, Bahá'u'lláh first rebukes the kings for their failure to follow the message of the Báb
, and then rebukes them further for not having accepted his own message:
Bahá'u'lláh also counsels the kings on the qualities which they must exhibit. These include not laying aside the Fear of God, and following the laws of religion. He states that countries should work towards reducing their differences. In this way, armaments
can be reduced which would assure the safety of the world and save money for the governments which can be used for other purposes. He tells the monarchs to limit their extravagance, and instead to live in moderation, so that the burden on their citizens will be lessened, and he tells them to deal justly with everyone, especially the poor. Having counselled the rulers, Bahá'u'lláh warns that if they do not follow his counsels God will chastize them from all directions.
While the tablet is addressed to all the rulers of the world, he writes to some specific groups as well. To the Christians he writes that he is the return of Jesus Christ:
Bahá'u'lláh also addresses Sultan Abd-ul-Aziz, the only monarch addressed individually, and reproves him for entrusting the affairs of his empire to ministers whom he claims are not trustworthy. As for the ministers of the Sultan, Bahá'u'lláh criticizes them for actions which he claims are power-hungry. As for the clergy of Constantinople
he denounces them for not investigating Bahá'u'lláh's message, and criticizes them as worshippers of "names" and lovers of leadership; he states that they are spiritually dead. To the philosophers of the world, Bahá'u'lláh sends a warning to them not to become proud of their knowledge, and he states that the essence of wisdom and knowledge is the recognition of the Manifestation of God
and his teachings.
In a message to the French
Ambassador of Constantinople, Bahá'u'lláh criticizes him for collaborating with the Persian Ambassador to act against him, and claims that the ambassador was not following the teachings of Jesus Christ. As for the Persian
Ambassador, Haji Mirza Husayn Khan, Bahá'u'lláh blames him for actions which Bahá'u'lláh claims have caused injustice to himself.
Tablet (religious)
A tablet, in the religious context, is a term traditionally used for religious texts.Jews and Christians believe that Moses brought the Ten Commandments from Mount Sinai in the form of two stone tablets. According to the Book of Exodus, God delivered the tablets twice, the first set having been...
of Bahá'u'lláh
Bahá'u'lláh
Bahá'u'lláh , born ' , was the founder of the Bahá'í Faith. He claimed to be the prophetic fulfilment of Bábism, a 19th-century outgrowth of Shí‘ism, but in a broader sense claimed to be a messenger from God referring to the fulfilment of the eschatological expectations of Islam, Christianity, and...
, founder of the Bahá'í Faith
Bahá'í Faith
The Bahá'í Faith is a monotheistic religion founded by Bahá'u'lláh in 19th-century Persia, emphasizing the spiritual unity of all humankind. There are an estimated five to six million Bahá'ís around the world in more than 200 countries and territories....
, that were written to the kings and rulers of the world during his exile in Adrianople and in the early years of his exile to the fortress town of `Akká
Acre, Israel
Acre , is a city in the Western Galilee region of northern Israel at the northern extremity of Haifa Bay. Acre is one of the oldest continuously inhabited sites in the country....
in 1868. Bahá'u'lláh claimed to be the Promised One of all religions and all ages and summoned the leaders of East and West to recognize him as the promised one. The Summons of the Lord of Hosts is the printing of five distinct tablets of this material.
Súriy-i-Haykal (Tablet of the Temple)
- See online text here
The Súriy-i-Haykal or Tablet of the Temple, is a composite work which consists of a tablet followed by five messages addressed to Pope Pius IX, Napoleon III, Czar Alexander II
Alexander II of Russia
Alexander II , also known as Alexander the Liberator was the Emperor of the Russian Empire from 3 March 1855 until his assassination in 1881...
, Queen Victoria
Victoria of the United Kingdom
Victoria was the monarch of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death. From 1 May 1876, she used the additional title of Empress of India....
, and Naser al-Din Shah Qajar. The messages were written while Bahá'u'lláh was in Edirne
Edirne
Edirne is a city in Eastern Thrace, the northwestern part of Turkey, close to the borders with Greece and Bulgaria. Edirne served as the capital city of the Ottoman Empire from 1365 to 1453, before Constantinople became the empire's new capital. At present, Edirne is the capital of the Edirne...
(Adrianople) and shortly after its completion, Bahá'u'lláh instructed the Surih and the tablets to the kings be written in the form of a pentacle, symbolizing the human temple and added to it the conclusion:
- "Thus have We built the Temple with the hands of power and might, could ye but know it. This is the Temple promised unto you in the Book. Draw ye nigh unto it. This is that which profiteth you, could ye but comprehend it. Be fair, O peoples of the earth! Which is preferable, this, or a temple which is built of clay? Set your faces towards it. Thus have ye been commanded by God, the Help in Peril, the Self-Subsisting."
- (Bahá'u'lláh, The Summons of the Lord of Hosts, p. 137) http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/b/SLH/slh-9.html#gr276
Shoghi Effendi
Shoghi Effendi
Shoghí Effendí Rabbání , better known as Shoghi Effendi, was the Guardian and appointed head of the Bahá'í Faith from 1921 until his death in 1957...
, who described the tablet as one of Bahá'u'lláh's most challenging works, writes about the Súriy-i-Haykal, "words which reveal the importance He attached to those Messages, and indicate their direct association with the prophecies of the Old Testament" referring to the prophecy in the Old Testament where Zechariah had promised the rebuilding of the Temple in the End of Times. In the Book of Zechariah
Book of Zechariah
The Book of Zechariah is the penultimate book of the twelve minor prophets in the Hebrew and Christian Bible, attributed to the prophet Zechariah.-Historical context:...
it is recorded:
- "Zechariah 6:12 And speak unto him, saying, Thus speaketh the LORD of hosts, saying, Behold the man whose name is The BRANCH; and he shall grow up out of his place, and he shall build the temple of the LORD: 6:13 Even he shall build the temple of the LORD; and he shall bear the glory, and shall sit and rule upon his throne; and he shall be a priest upon his throne: and the counsel of peace shall be between them both."
- (King James Bible)
Shoghi Effendi, in The Promised Day is Come (pp. 47–8), refers to this rebuilding of the temple as fulfilled in the return of the Manifestation of God
Manifestation of God
The Manifestation of God is a concept in the Bahá'í Faith that refers to what are commonly called prophets. The Manifestations of God are a series of personages who reflect the attributes of the divine into the human world for the progress and advancement of human morals and civilization...
in a human temple. Throughout the tablet, Bahá'u'lláh address the Haykal (the Temple) and explains the glory which is invested in it. Bahá'u'lláh, in response to a question, has stated that the Haykal is the person of Bahá'u'lláh. Adib Taherzadeh has written that "[i]t is fascinating to know that the One Who speaks with the voice of God in this Tablet is identical with the One spoken to."
Regarding the Haykal, Bahá'u'lláh writes that it refers to the human or physical temple of the Manifestation of God
Manifestation of God
The Manifestation of God is a concept in the Bahá'í Faith that refers to what are commonly called prophets. The Manifestations of God are a series of personages who reflect the attributes of the divine into the human world for the progress and advancement of human morals and civilization...
(prophets of God). He states that the Manifestation of God is a pure mirror that reflects the sovereignty of God and manifests God's beauty and grandeur to mankind. In essence Bahá'u'lláh explains that the Manifestation of God is a "Living Temple" and every time that Bahá'u'lláh addresses the Haykal he shows a new facet of God's revelation.
The Haykal, which represents the Manifestation of God
Manifestation of God
The Manifestation of God is a concept in the Bahá'í Faith that refers to what are commonly called prophets. The Manifestations of God are a series of personages who reflect the attributes of the divine into the human world for the progress and advancement of human morals and civilization...
who spreads the Word of God in the form of a human temple, has members each of whom symbolize one of the signs and attributes of God. To the eyes of the Haykal he asks it to not look at the world of creation, but instead to focus on the beauty of God. To the Haykal's ears Bahá'u'lláh asks it to become deaf to the voices of the ungodly and to listen to the Word of God. To the tongue of the Haykal Bahá'u'lláh states that it has been created to mention the name of God. To the hands of the Haykal Bahá'u'lláh asks them to stretch out upon all humankind and hold within their grasp the reins of God. Finally, Bahá'u'lláh states that from the heart of the Haykal knowledge will emerge and raise scientists who will bring about technological achievements.
Another symbol used by Bahá'u'lláh in describing the Haykal is through the four letters (H, Y, K, and L) that compose the word in the Arabic
Arabic language
Arabic is a name applied to the descendants of the Classical Arabic language of the 6th century AD, used most prominently in the Quran, the Islamic Holy Book...
. Bahá'u'lláh in the tablet explains the spiritual significance of each letter: H is the for Huwiyyah (Essence of Divinity), Y is for Qadír (Almighty), K is for Karím (All Bountiful), and L is for Fadl (Grace).
Regarding the five other messages to the rulers that form the pentacle of the Súriy-i-Haykal, Bahá'u'lláh tells them he is the Manifestation of God
Manifestation of God
The Manifestation of God is a concept in the Bahá'í Faith that refers to what are commonly called prophets. The Manifestations of God are a series of personages who reflect the attributes of the divine into the human world for the progress and advancement of human morals and civilization...
for this day, and that they should accept his message. The message to Násiri'd-Dín Sháh, which is the longest message, was delivered to the Shah by Badí‘
Badí‘
Badí‘ , was the title of Mírzá Áqá Buzurg-i-Nishapuri, also known by his title the Pride of Martyrs, was the son of `Abdu'l-Majid-i-Nishapuri, a follower of the Báb and Bahá'u'lláh....
, a youth who was killed by the Shah shortly thereafter.
Súriy-i-Ra'ís (Tablet to the Chief)
- See online text here
The Súriy-i-Ra'ís , or Tablet of the Chief, which addresses `Alí Páshá, the Ottoman
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
Prime Minister, was written in August 1868, when Bahá'u'lláh and the other Bahá'ís were being exiled from Adrianople
Edirne
Edirne is a city in Eastern Thrace, the northwestern part of Turkey, close to the borders with Greece and Bulgaria. Edirne served as the capital city of the Ottoman Empire from 1365 to 1453, before Constantinople became the empire's new capital. At present, Edirne is the capital of the Edirne...
to Gallipoli
Gallipoli
The Gallipoli peninsula is located in Turkish Thrace , the European part of Turkey, with the Aegean Sea to the west and the Dardanelles straits to the east. Gallipoli derives its name from the Greek "Καλλίπολις" , meaning "Beautiful City"...
to their final destination of the prison city of Akká
Acre, Israel
Acre , is a city in the Western Galilee region of northern Israel at the northern extremity of Haifa Bay. Acre is one of the oldest continuously inhabited sites in the country....
. The Súriy-i-Ra'ís, written in Arabic
Arabic language
Arabic is a name applied to the descendants of the Classical Arabic language of the 6th century AD, used most prominently in the Quran, the Islamic Holy Book...
, was revealed in honour of Haji Muhammad Isma'il-i-Kashani, a faithful believer of Bahá'u'lláh. In the tablet, Bahá'u'lláh writes about `Alí Páshá's claimed abuse of civil power.
In the tablet, Bahá'u'lláh tells `Alí Páshá, whom he calls chief, to listen to the voice of God, and that no power on earth can prevent him from proclaiming God's message and from achieving his purpose. Bahá'u'lláh further accuses `Alí Páshá of conspiring with the Persian
Iran
Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia...
Ambassador to harm him, and forecasts that because of this injustice he will find himself with a "manifest loss." Furthermore, Bahá'u'lláh compares `Alí Páshá with those who rose up against previous prophets, such as Nimrod
Nimrod (king)
Nimrod is, according to the Book of Genesis and Books of Chronicles, the son of Cush and great-grandson of Noah and the king of Shinar. He is depicted in the Tanakh as a man of power in the earth, and a mighty hunter. Extra-Biblical traditions associating him with the Tower of Babel led to his...
against Abraham
Abraham
Abraham , whose birth name was Abram, is the eponym of the Abrahamic religions, among which are Judaism, Christianity and Islam...
, Pharaoh
Ramesses II
Ramesses II , referred to as Ramesses the Great, was the third Egyptian pharaoh of the Nineteenth dynasty. He is often regarded as the greatest, most celebrated, and most powerful pharaoh of the Egyptian Empire...
against Moses
Moses
Moses was, according to the Hebrew Bible and Qur'an, a religious leader, lawgiver and prophet, to whom the authorship of the Torah is traditionally attributed...
, and the Persian Emperor against Muhammad
Muhammad
Muhammad |ligature]] at U+FDF4 ;Arabic pronunciation varies regionally; the first vowel ranges from ~~; the second and the last vowel: ~~~. There are dialects which have no stress. In Egypt, it is pronounced not in religious contexts...
.
Regarding `Alí Páshá's superior, Sultan Abd-ul-Aziz, Bahá'u'lláh prophesies that the Sultan will no longer control Adrinople
Edirne
Edirne is a city in Eastern Thrace, the northwestern part of Turkey, close to the borders with Greece and Bulgaria. Edirne served as the capital city of the Ottoman Empire from 1365 to 1453, before Constantinople became the empire's new capital. At present, Edirne is the capital of the Edirne...
:
- "Land of Mystery (Adrianople) and what is beside it ... shall pass out of the hands of the King, and commotions shall appear, and the voice of lamentation shall be raised, and the evidences of mischief shall be revealed on all sides."
- (Bahá'u'lláh, Summons of the Lord of Hosts, p. 143) http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/b/SLH/slh-10.html#gr5
Another topic discussed in the tablet is that Bahá'u'lláh glorifies his own revelation, and prophesies that it will encompass the entire earth. Regarding his revelation he wrote:
- "Had Muhammad, the Apostle of God, attained this Day, He would have exclaimed: 'I have truly recognized Thee, O Thou the Desire of the Divine Messengers!' Had Abraham attained it, He too, falling prostrate upon the ground, and in the utmost lowliness before the Lord thy God, would have cried: 'Mine heart is filled with peace, O Thou Lord of all that is in heaven and on earth! I testify that Thou hast unveiled before mine eyes all the glory of Thy power and the full majesty of Thy law!'... Had Moses Himself attained it, He, likewise, would have raised His voice saying: 'All praise be to Thee for having lifted upon me the light of Thy countenance and enrolled me among them that have been privileged to behold Thy face!"
- (Bahá'u'lláh, Summons of the Lord of Hosts, p.149) http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/b/SLH/slh-10.html#gr18
Bahá'u'lláh also describes the nature of the soul
Soul
A soul in certain spiritual, philosophical, and psychological traditions is the incorporeal essence of a person or living thing or object. Many philosophical and spiritual systems teach that humans have souls, and others teach that all living things and even inanimate objects have souls. The...
. He explains that if the soul acquires spiritual qualities in this world it will move towards God. After physical death it will separate from the body and live in the worlds of God, but if the soul does not acquire spiritual attributes it will be far from God.
Concerning the significance of the Suriy-i-Ra'is, Bahá'u'lláh, in a later tablet, wrote that from the moment the Súriy-i-Ra'ís was written the world has been in constant tribulation and that an immense cataclysmic process has been set in motion, and he warns that only remedy is that people accept his message. (Bahá'u'lláh, Gleanings from the Writings of Bahá'u'lláh, p. 38)
Lawh-i-Ra'ís (Tablet of the Chief)
- See online text here
The Lawh-i-Ra'ís or Tablet of the Chief, is also addressed to `Alí Páshá. Bahá'u'lláh wrote this tablet in Persian
Persian language
Persian is an Iranian language within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European languages. It is primarily spoken in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and countries which historically came under Persian influence...
shortly after his incarceration in Akká
Acre, Israel
Acre , is a city in the Western Galilee region of northern Israel at the northern extremity of Haifa Bay. Acre is one of the oldest continuously inhabited sites in the country....
soon after the death of three of his followers.
In the second tablet, to `Alí Páshá, Bahá'u'lláh further rebukes `Alí Páshá for acts which Bahá'u'lláh claims are cruel, and compares him to those who had opposed the prophets of the past. Bahá'u'lláh states that `Alí Páshá's true motives are self, passion and power, and blames him for visiting a number of cruelties on innocent people including sending women and young children to prison. He also writes about the treatment that the Bahá'ís were given when incarcerated in Akká, which he states was inhumane, including receiving no food and water, causing two deaths. Bahá'u'lláh also informs `Alí Páshá that if he would change course and accept Bahá'u'lláh's message, he would become transformed, but if he continues his ways God will chastise him from all directions.
In this tablet Bahá'u'lláh also states that while at Gallipoli
Gallipoli
The Gallipoli peninsula is located in Turkish Thrace , the European part of Turkey, with the Aegean Sea to the west and the Dardanelles straits to the east. Gallipoli derives its name from the Greek "Καλλίπολις" , meaning "Beautiful City"...
he sent a message to the Sultan through a Turkish office asking for a face to face meeting where he could convey the truth of his message, and that he would be ready to produce anything the Sultan considered would be proof of the truth of his message. He stated that if in this meeting he fulfilled the Sultan's request, then the Sultan should release all the innocent prisoners. Bahá'u'lláh states that the Sultan never accepted His request.
Lawh-i-Fu'ád (Tablet of Fu'ád Páshá)
- See online text here
The Lawh-i-Fu'ád or Tablet of Fu'ád revealed in 1869 was addressed to Shaykh Kázim-i-Samandar
Kázim-i-Samandar
Shaykh Káẓim-i-Samandar known as Samandar was an eminent follower of Bahá'u'lláh, the founder of the Bahá'í Faith, a global religion of Persian origin. He was born to a prominent Bahá'í family of Qazvin of Bábí and Shaykhi background...
, a native of Qazvin, and one the Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh
Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh
The Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh were nineteen eminent early followers of Bahá'u'lláh, the founder of the Bahá'í Faith. The apostles were designated as such by Shoghi Effendi, the Guardian of the Bahá'í Faith, and the list was included in The Bahá'í World, Vol...
. The tablet was written in Arabic shortly after the death of Fu'ád Páshá, the foreign minister of Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
, who was dismissed from his post in 1869 and died shortly thereafter in Nice
Nice
Nice is the fifth most populous city in France, after Paris, Marseille, Lyon and Toulouse, with a population of 348,721 within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Nice extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of more than 955,000 on an area of...
, France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
.
Fu'ád Páshá was a close collaborator of the Grand Vizir, `Ali Páshá, who had exiled Bahá'u'lláh to the prison city of Akká
Acre, Israel
Acre , is a city in the Western Galilee region of northern Israel at the northern extremity of Haifa Bay. Acre is one of the oldest continuously inhabited sites in the country....
. In the tablet, Bahá'u'lláh rebukes Fu'ád Páshá and states that God had taken his life as a punishment for inflicting suffering on Bahá'u'lláh. Bahá'u'lláh states that Fu'ád Páshá's soul will face the wrath of God in the afterlife
Afterlife
The afterlife is the belief that a part of, or essence of, or soul of an individual, which carries with it and confers personal identity, survives the death of the body of this world and this lifetime, by natural or supernatural means, in contrast to the belief in eternal...
.
Bahá'u'lláh in the tablet also foreshadows the downfall and the overthrow of both the Sultan and the Grand Vizir `Ali Páshá. Soon thereafter, `Ali Páshá was dismissed from his post, and died in 1871. At this time, opposition to the Sultan started which led to his losing power in 1876, and being killed a few days later.
Fulfillment of the prophecies in the Lawh-i-Fu'ád regarding the downfall of the Sultan and the Grand Vizer played an important role in the conversion of Mírzá Abu'l-Fadl
Mírzá Abu'l-Fadl
' , or ' was the foremost Bahá'í scholar who helped spread the Bahá'í Faith in Egypt, Turkmenistan, and the United States. He is one of the few Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh who never actually met Bahá'u'lláh...
, one of the Bahá'í Faith
Bahá'í Faith
The Bahá'í Faith is a monotheistic religion founded by Bahá'u'lláh in 19th-century Persia, emphasizing the spiritual unity of all humankind. There are an estimated five to six million Bahá'ís around the world in more than 200 countries and territories....
's foremost scholars.
Other topics discussed in the tablet include the spiritual consequences of the abuse of power as well as Covenant-breaking.
Súriy-i-Mulúk (Tablet of the Kings)
- See online text here
The Súriy-i-Mulúk , or the Tablet to the Kings is a tablet written by Bahá'u'lláh, addressed collectively to the monarch
Monarch
A monarch is the person who heads a monarchy. This is a form of government in which a state or polity is ruled or controlled by an individual who typically inherits the throne by birth and occasionally rules for life or until abdication...
s of the East
Eastern world
__FORCETOC__The term Eastern world refers very broadly to the various cultures or social structures and philosophical systems of Eastern Asia or geographically the Eastern Culture...
and the West
Western world
The Western world, also known as the West and the Occident , is a term referring to the countries of Western Europe , the countries of the Americas, as well all countries of Northern and Central Europe, Australia and New Zealand...
. The tablet was written near the year 1870 in Arabic
Arabic language
Arabic is a name applied to the descendants of the Classical Arabic language of the 6th century AD, used most prominently in the Quran, the Islamic Holy Book...
while he was in Adrianople
Edirne
Edirne is a city in Eastern Thrace, the northwestern part of Turkey, close to the borders with Greece and Bulgaria. Edirne served as the capital city of the Ottoman Empire from 1365 to 1453, before Constantinople became the empire's new capital. At present, Edirne is the capital of the Edirne...
, Turkey
Turkey
Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...
.
The tablet has three main themes: the responsibility of kings to accept his message, some general counsel for kings and rulers, and the consequences of not accepting his message. Bahá'u'lláh
Bahá'u'lláh
Bahá'u'lláh , born ' , was the founder of the Bahá'í Faith. He claimed to be the prophetic fulfilment of Bábism, a 19th-century outgrowth of Shí‘ism, but in a broader sense claimed to be a messenger from God referring to the fulfilment of the eschatological expectations of Islam, Christianity, and...
discloses the character of his mission to the monarchs and tells them to accept his message. He states that he is the Manifestation of God
Manifestation of God
The Manifestation of God is a concept in the Bahá'í Faith that refers to what are commonly called prophets. The Manifestations of God are a series of personages who reflect the attributes of the divine into the human world for the progress and advancement of human morals and civilization...
for this age, and that his mission is to unite the human race. He also warns of the consequences of not following his advice. The tablet serves as a third stage of Bahá'u'lláh's claim to the station of He whom God shall make manifest
He whom God shall make manifest
He whom God shall make manifest is a messianic figure in the religion of Babism. The messianic figure was repeatedly mentioned by the Báb, the founder of Babism, in his book, the Bayán. The Báb described the messianic figure as the origin of all divine attributes, and stated that his command was...
to the world. The first stage consisted of Bahá'u'lláh telling those who accompanied him to Constantinople
Constantinople
Constantinople was the capital of the Roman, Eastern Roman, Byzantine, Latin, and Ottoman Empires. Throughout most of the Middle Ages, Constantinople was Europe's largest and wealthiest city.-Names:...
in the Garden of Ridván
Garden of Ridván, Baghdad
The Garden of Ridván or Najibiyyih Garden was a wooded garden in what is now Baghdad's Rusafa District, on the banks of the Tigris river...
; the second stage consisted of Bahá'u'lláh announcing his station to all the members of the Bábí community in Adrianople
Edirne
Edirne is a city in Eastern Thrace, the northwestern part of Turkey, close to the borders with Greece and Bulgaria. Edirne served as the capital city of the Ottoman Empire from 1365 to 1453, before Constantinople became the empire's new capital. At present, Edirne is the capital of the Edirne...
through various tablets, and the final stage consisted of Bahá'u'lláh proclaiming his claim to the world at large through its kings and rulers.
In the tablet, Bahá'u'lláh first rebukes the kings for their failure to follow the message of the Báb
Báb
Siyyid `Alí Muḥammad Shírází was the founder of Bábism, and one of three central figures of the Bahá'í Faith. He was a merchant from Shíráz, Persia, who at the age of twenty-four claimed to be the promised Qá'im . After his declaration he took the title of Báb meaning "Gate"...
, and then rebukes them further for not having accepted his own message:
- "My face hath come forth from the veils, and shed its radiance upon all that is in heaven and on earth; and yet, ye turned not towards Him, notwithstanding that ye were created for Him, O concourse of kings! Follow, therefore, that which I speak unto you, and hearken unto it with your hearts, and be not of such as have turned aside."
- (Bahá'u'lláh, The Summons of the Lord of Hosts, p. 187) http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/b/SLH/slh-13.html?#gr4
Bahá'u'lláh also counsels the kings on the qualities which they must exhibit. These include not laying aside the Fear of God, and following the laws of religion. He states that countries should work towards reducing their differences. In this way, armaments
Weapon
A weapon, arm, or armament is a tool or instrument used with the aim of causing damage or harm to living beings or artificial structures or systems...
can be reduced which would assure the safety of the world and save money for the governments which can be used for other purposes. He tells the monarchs to limit their extravagance, and instead to live in moderation, so that the burden on their citizens will be lessened, and he tells them to deal justly with everyone, especially the poor. Having counselled the rulers, Bahá'u'lláh warns that if they do not follow his counsels God will chastize them from all directions.
While the tablet is addressed to all the rulers of the world, he writes to some specific groups as well. To the Christians he writes that he is the return of Jesus Christ:
- "O kings of Christendom! Heard ye not the saying of Jesus, the Spirit of God, 'I go away, and come again unto you'? Wherefore, then, did ye fail, when He did come again unto you in the clouds of heaven, to draw nigh unto Him, that ye might behold His face, and be of them that attained His Presence? In another passage He saith: 'When He, the Spirit of Truth, is come, He will guide you into all truth.' And yet,behold how, when He did bring the truth, ye refused to turn your faces towards Him, and persisted in disporting yourselves with your pastimes and fancies. Ye welcomed Him not, neither did ye seek His Presence, that ye might hear the verses of God from His own mouth, and partake of the manifold wisdom of the Almighty, the All-Glorious, the All-Wise."
- (Bahá'u'lláh, The Summons of the Lord of Hosts, p. 190) http://reference.bahai.org/en/t/b/SLH/slh-13.html#gr15
Bahá'u'lláh also addresses Sultan Abd-ul-Aziz, the only monarch addressed individually, and reproves him for entrusting the affairs of his empire to ministers whom he claims are not trustworthy. As for the ministers of the Sultan, Bahá'u'lláh criticizes them for actions which he claims are power-hungry. As for the clergy of Constantinople
Istanbul
Istanbul , historically known as Byzantium and Constantinople , is the largest city of Turkey. Istanbul metropolitan province had 13.26 million people living in it as of December, 2010, which is 18% of Turkey's population and the 3rd largest metropolitan area in Europe after London and...
he denounces them for not investigating Bahá'u'lláh's message, and criticizes them as worshippers of "names" and lovers of leadership; he states that they are spiritually dead. To the philosophers of the world, Bahá'u'lláh sends a warning to them not to become proud of their knowledge, and he states that the essence of wisdom and knowledge is the recognition of the Manifestation of God
Manifestation of God
The Manifestation of God is a concept in the Bahá'í Faith that refers to what are commonly called prophets. The Manifestations of God are a series of personages who reflect the attributes of the divine into the human world for the progress and advancement of human morals and civilization...
and his teachings.
In a message to the French
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
Ambassador of Constantinople, Bahá'u'lláh criticizes him for collaborating with the Persian Ambassador to act against him, and claims that the ambassador was not following the teachings of Jesus Christ. As for the Persian
Iran
Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia...
Ambassador, Haji Mirza Husayn Khan, Bahá'u'lláh blames him for actions which Bahá'u'lláh claims have caused injustice to himself.