Sports terms named after people

Ask a question about 'Sports terms named after people' Start a new discussion about 'Sports terms named after people' Answer questions from other users Full Discussion Forum

Artistic Gymnastics

Artistic gymnastics

Artistic gymnastics is a discipline of gymnastics. Competitive gymnasts perform short routines on different apparatus, with less time for vaulting ....

• Amanar (vault), after Simona Amanar
  Simona Amânar
  
  Simona Am?nar is a Romanian gymnastics. A seven-time Olympic medalist and a ten-time world medalist she is one of the most accomplished gymnasts in recent decades, as well as the Romanian team leader during the late 1990s and 2000....
   (Romania).
• Borden
  Borden
  
  Borden may refer to...
   (balance beam)- straddle pike jump done from a sideways position on the beam with a ½ or ¾ turn, after Amanda Borden
  Amanda Borden
  
  Amanda Kathleen Borden is an American artistic gymnastics, who was one of the members of the gold medalist United States team in the 1996 Summer Olympics, the Magnificent Seven ....
   (USA)
• Bhardwaj (uneven bar)
  Bhardwaj (uneven bar)
  
  Bhardwaj is a move on the uneven bars in artistic gymnastics in which the gymnast performs a layout salto with full twist from the high bar to catch the low bar....
  , after Mohini Bhardwaj
  Mohini Bhardwaj
  
  Mohini Bhardwaj is a retired American gymnast who competed at the 1997 and 2001 World Championships and earned a team silver medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens....
   (USA).
• Bhavsar
  Bhavsar
  
  The Bhavsar are an ethnic group in India. They belong to the traditional Kshatriya varna in Hinduism. ....
   (rings)-pull through momentary, front lever press to Maltese, after Raj Bhavsar
  Raj Bhavsar
  
  Raj Bhavsar is an American artistic gymnast of Indian descent. He was a member of the 2001 and 2003 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships. He earned a bronze medal as a member of the United States at the 2008 Summer Olympics, becoming the third Indian-American ever to medal at the Olympics, after Mohini Bhardwaj and Alexi Grewal....
   (USA).
• Bi - Turn (uneven bars), after Bi Wenjing (China).
• Brause (uneven bars)-done from the low bar facing away from the high bar, with a cast to front salto forward and catching the high bar, after Doris Fuchs-Brause (USA)
• Bryan
  Bryan
  
  Bryan can refer to any of the following:...
   (pommel horse)-scissors with ½ turn to handstand, ½ pirouette and straddle back down,after Casey Bryan. (USA)
• Cassina
  Cassina
  
  Cassina might be one of several places in Italy:comune*Cassina de' Pecchi, in the province of Milan*Cassina Rizzardi, in the province of Como...
   (horizontal bar), after Igor Cassina
  Igor Cassina
  
  Igor Cassina is an Italy gymnast who won gold in the men's horizontal bar at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. This competition saw a crowd protest over a low score for a routine by Alexei Nemov of Russia, which lasted for fifteen minutes until the score was raised....
   (Italy).
• Cheng Fei
  Cheng Fei
  
  Cheng Fei is a PR China gymnastics, born on May 29, 1988 in Huangshi, Hubei Province. She is a three-time World Champion on the Vault and 2006 World Champion on floor exercise....
  - Yurchenko 1/2 on - 1 1/2 twist off(vault), after Cheng Fei
  Cheng Fei
  
  Cheng Fei is a PR China gymnastics, born on May 29, 1988 in Huangshi, Hubei Province. She is a three-time World Champion on the Vault and 2006 World Champion on floor exercise....
   (China).
• Chow/Khorkina (unven bars)-Stalder 1 1/2 pirouette and Chow II (unven bars)-Stalder to Shaposhnikova, after Amy Chow
  Amy Chow
  
  Amy Yuen Yee Chow is an United States gymnast and a member of the famous Magnificent Seven who were the first American team to win Olympic gymnastics gold....
   (USA)
• Comaneci salto (uneven bars), after Nadia Comaneci
  Nadia Comaneci
  
  Nadia Elena Comaneci is a Romanian gymnastics, winner of five Olympic Games gold medals, and the first gymnast to be awarded a perfect score of 10 in an Olympic gymnastic event....
   (Romania).
• Dagget (pommel horse)-scissor backward with ½ counterturn, after Tim Dagget (USA)
• Dawes
  Dawes
  
  Dawes is a United Kingdom bicycle manufacturer, originally founded in Birmingham and known for its high-quality hand-built bicycles and now a significant brand in the UK and elsewhere....
   (uneven bars)-back giant with 1 ½ turn in the handstand, after Dominique Dawes (USA)
• Diomidov (parallel bars), after Sergei Diomidov (USSR).
• Dos Santos (floor) and Dos Santos II (floor), after Daiane dos Santos
  Daiane dos Santos
  
  Daiane Garcia dos Santos is one of Brazil's most successful female gymnasts. At the 2003 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships, at age 20, she won the world title on her specialty apparatus, the floor exercise....
   (Brazil).
• Fontaine
  Fontaine
  
  Fontaine is a French language word meaning fountain or natural spring.Fountain is the title of a famous sculpture by Marcel Duchamp....
   (uneven bars dismount)-double somersaulting dismount is a back tuck with ½ twist into a front, after Larissa Fontaine.

• Garrison
  Garrison
  
  Garrison is the collective term for a body of troops stationed in a particular location, originally to guard it, of more than 50 men, but now often simply using it as a home base....
   (floor)-cat leap forward with bent legs and 1 ½ turn, Garrison
  Garrison
  
  Garrison is the collective term for a body of troops stationed in a particular location, originally to guard it, of more than 50 men, but now often simply using it as a home base....
   (balance beam)- free shoulder roll forward to stand or tuck stand without hand support, Garrison
  Garrison
  
  Garrison is the collective term for a body of troops stationed in a particular location, originally to guard it, of more than 50 men, but now often simply using it as a home base....
   (balance beam)-starts from an extended tuck sit, Valdez swing over backward through horizontal plane with support on one arm and Garrison
  Garrison
  
  Garrison is the collective term for a body of troops stationed in a particular location, originally to guard it, of more than 50 men, but now often simply using it as a home base....
   (balance beam)-round-off, tucked full mount, after Kelly Garrison (USA)
• Gatson (parallel bars)-a swing backward with full turn hop to handstand, after Jason Gatson (USA).
• Gaylord I (horizontal bar)-front giant into a one-and-one-half front salto over the bar to regrasp – a front somersault in tuck, pike or straddled position over the bar, after Gaylord II (horizontal bar)-back giant into a layout Gienger (back salto, ½ ) over the bar to regrasp – a front somersault in tuck, pike or straddled position over the bar., after Mitch Gaylord
  Mitch Gaylord
  
  Mitchell Jay Gaylord is an United States gymnastics and Olympic gold medalist.While attending UCLA, he won the All-Around in the 1983 and 1984 U.S....
   (USA).
• Gienger
  Gienger
  
  The Gienger is a gymnastics skill performed on the uneven bars for women and the high bar for men. It is named after Germany gymnast Eberhard Gienger....
   salto (high bar, uneven bars), after Eberhard Gienger
  Eberhard Gienger
  
  Eberhard Gienger is a German politician and former gymnast. The Gienger salto is named after him....
   (Germany).
• Grigoras (beam), after Cristina Elena Grigoras
  Cristina Elena Grigoras
  
  Cristina Elena Grigoras is a retired Romanian artistic gymnast who represented Romania at the 1980 Summer Olympics and at the 1984 Summer Olympics....
   (Romania).
• Hayden
  Hayden
  
  Hayden may refer to:*Hayden mango, fruit*Hayden , British guitar amplification manufacturer*Hayden , a Canadian folk musicianPeople with the surname Hayden:...
   (horizontal bar)-a double salto backward in layout, with full twist over the bar, after Daniel Hayden (USA)
• Henrich
  Henrich
  
  Henrich is a Germanic peoples name and can refer to:*Bobby Henrich, Major League Baseball player with the Cincinnati Redlegs*Christy Henrich, United States gymnast...
   (balance beam)-a stag-split,r split leap or jump forward with ½ turn, landing on both feet or in a one-two step-out or a split jump in side position with bending of rear leg backward upward that starts from a cross stand, after Christy Henrich
  Christy Henrich
  
  Christina "Christy" Renee Henrich was a world-class United States artistic gymnast.Training with Al Fong at the Great American Gymnastics Express club in Blue Springs, Missouri, Henrich made the U.S....
   (USA)
• Hindorff (uneven bars), after Sylvia Hindorff (GDR).
• Humphrey (floor)-switch split leap forward with a ¼ turn to side split leap or straddle pike position, after Terin Humphrey
  Terin Humphrey
  
  Terin Marie Humphrey is a United States gymnast. She was a member of the United States at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece where she helped the team to a silver medal....
   (USA)
• Hypolito (floor), after Diego Hypolito
  Diego Hypolito
  
  Diego Matias Hyp?lito is a world-class gymnast and the 2005 and 2007 World Champion on the floor exercise. He is the first male gymnast from Brazil, and South America, to medal at the World Championships....
   (Brazil).
• Jäger-salto (high bar, uneven bars), after Bernd Jäger (GDR).
• Janz Salto (uneven bars), after Karin Janz. (GDR)
• Johnson
  Johnson
  
  The name Johnson is an English people, Scottish people or Irish people patronymic surname of Anglo-Saxon language origin. The name itself is a patronym of the given name John, literally meaning "son of John." The name John derives from Latin Johannes, which is derived through Greek language Ioannes, from Hebrew Yohanan mea...
   (floor)-a switch-split leap forward with leg change and ¼ turn to side split leap or straddle pike position, after Brandy Johnson
  Brandy Johnson
  
  Brandy Johnson, also known as Brandy Johnson-Scharpf is a retired American gymnast, gymnastics judge and stuntwoman.A member of Brown's Gymnastics club in Orlando, Florida, Florida, Johnson made an impressive debut in high-level competition, winning the all-around, Gymnastics vault, floor exercise and balance beam titles at the 1986...
   (USA)
• Kasamatsu (vault), after Shigero Kasamatsu (Japan).
• Khorkina I (uneven bars), Khorkina II (uneven bars), Khorkina (balance beam), Khorkina/Chow (uneven bars), Khorkina (floor), Khorkina I (vault) and Khorkina II (vault), after Svetlana Khorkina
  Svetlana Khorkina
  
  Svetlana Vasilyevna Khorkina is a popular Russian gymnast and seven-time Olympic medalist, who is now a deputy at the Russian State Duma. With an unprecedented nine gold, eight silver, and three bronze World Championships medals, she is one of the most successful female gymnasts of her era and has been cited as a fan favorite in various poll...
   (Russia).
• Korbut Flip
  Korbut Flip
  
  There are two gymnastics skills that are known by the name Korbut Flip. Both are extremely difficult, and were first performed by Soviet gymnast Olga Korbut....
   (balance beam)-standing back somersault, Korbut Flip
  Korbut Flip
  
  There are two gymnastics skills that are known by the name Korbut Flip. Both are extremely difficult, and were first performed by Soviet gymnast Olga Korbut....
   (uneven bars)-standing on the high bar, does back flip, then catches the bar, after Olga Korbut
  Olga Korbut
  
  Olga Valentinovna Korbut , also known as the Sparrow from Minsk, is a Belarusians, Soviet Union-born gymnast who won four gold medals and two silver medals at the Summer Olympics, in which she competed in 1972 Summer Olympics and 1976 Summer Olympics for the USSR team....
   (USSR).
• Liukin
  Liukin
  
  Liukin , feminine form Liukina is a Russian family name.*Nastia Liukin, the 2008 Olympic Women's All-Around Champion representing the United States...
   (balance beam), after Nastia Liukin
  Nastia Liukin
  
  Anastasia Valeryevna "Nastia" Liukin is a Russian-American Artistic Gymnastics. She is the Gymnastics at the 2008 Summer Olympics Gymnastics at the 2008 Summer Olympics - Women's artistic individual all-around gold medalist, the 2005 and 2007 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships on the balance beam, and the 2005 World Champion on the u...
   (USA)
• Liukin
  Liukin
  
  Liukin , feminine form Liukina is a Russian family name.*Nastia Liukin, the 2008 Olympic Women's All-Around Champion representing the United States...
   (floor), after Valeri Liukin
  Valeri Liukin
  
  Valeri Viktorovich Liukin is a Kazakh retired competitive artistic gymnast who competed for the Soviet Union. Liukin is the 1988 Summer Olympics in the team competition and individually on the horizontal bar and Olympic silver medalist in the all around and the parallel bars....
   (USSR)
• Li Li - German Giant (uneven bar), Li Li - 1 1/4 turn on back (balance beam), after Li Li
  Li Li (gymnast)
  
  Li Li is an artistic gymnastics from China. She competed during the early 1990s, and retired in 1994. An Olympian, Gymnastics World Cup medallist and national champion, her best piece was beam....
   (China).
• Li Ya - salto (uneven bar), Li Ya - dismount after Li Ya
  Li Ya
  
  Li Ya is a Chinese people gymnast. She was a member of the Chinese team that won the team competition at the 2006 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships and was a member of the China at the 2004 Summer Olympics....
   (China).
• Mukhina
  Elena Mukhina
  
  Elena Vyacheslavovna Mukhina , born in Moscow, Russian SFSR, was a former Soviet gymnast who won the All-Around title at the 1978 World Championships at Strasbourg, France....
   Salto
  Salto
  
  Salto may refer to:Organisations* SALTO-YOUTH, a network of resource centres for international youth work within the European Youth in Action programme...
   (floor) - double salto forward tucked or piked, with full 360 twist - named after Elena Mukhina
  Elena Mukhina
  
  Elena Vyacheslavovna Mukhina , born in Moscow, Russian SFSR, was a former Soviet gymnast who won the All-Around title at the 1978 World Championships at Strasbourg, France....
  .
• Magyar walk (pommel horse), after Zoltan Magyar
  Zoltan Magyar
  
  Zolt?n Magyar was the premier pommel horse Artistic gymnastics in the world in the 1970s. Magyar had two moves named after him, the Magyar spindle and the Magyar travel ....
   (Hungary).
• Maloney
  Maloney
  
  Maloney is a surname of Irish origin. The name 'Maloney' is derived from the old Irish 'Ua Maol Dh?mhnaigh. Their family motto is 'In Domino Et Non In Arcu Sperabo' which is translated as 'In God and not in my bow I will hope.'...
   (uneven bars)-a pike sole circle backward to handstand with a 360° turn after the handstand phase to mixed-L or L grip and Maloney
  Maloney
  
  Maloney is a surname of Irish origin. The name 'Maloney' is derived from the old Irish 'Ua Maol Dh?mhnaigh. Their family motto is 'In Domino Et Non In Arcu Sperabo' which is translated as 'In God and not in my bow I will hope.'...
   (uneven bars)-begins from an inner front support on the low bar and consists of a pike sole circle backward through a handstand with flight to a hang on the high bar, after Kristin Maloney (USA)
• Ma dismount (uneven bar)-a hecht-front salto-full, after Ma Yanhong
  Ma Yanhong
  
  Ma Yanhong is a retired Chinese Olympic athlete, Hui people. She was the first Chinese gymnast, male or female, to win a gold medal at the World Gymnastics Championships and the Olympic Games....
   (China).
• McCool
  McCool
  
  McCool can refer to:...
   (balance beam)-The beam mount approaches toward the end of the beam and is a flyspring forward with flight before and after the hand support on the beam and lands on both feet - approach at end of beam, after Courtney McCool
  Courtney McCool
  
  Courtney Lynn McCool is an American gymnast, who was a team member in the 2004 Summer Olympics women's artistic gymnastic team. Although she didn't compete in the team finals, she helped the team place second, earning the silver medal behind Romania....
   (USA)
• McNamara
  McNamara
  
  McNamara is a surname of Irish origin. It originated from the region of County Clare. The name began with the chieftain Cumara, of Maghadhair in county Clare....
   (uneven bars (mount))- a jump to hang on the high bar into a free hip circle to handstand with 1/2 turn in the handstand, after Julianne McNamara
  Julianne McNamara
  
  Julianne Lyn McNamara was an United States artistic gymnastics, who was born to Australian parents. She was the winner of the US women's first individual event gold medal in Olympic Games history....
   (USA)
• Melissanidis (vault)-A round-off entry onto the vault table and after blocking off the vault table, rotates a 2 ½ back somersault, after Melissanidis (Greece)
• Miller
  Miller
  
  A miller usually refers to a person who operates a Gristmill, a machine to grind a cereal crop to make flour. Geoffory chaucer wrote a tale about a miller....
   (balance beam)-a back dive with a quarter twist to a handstand, followed by a half pirouette and Miller
  Miller
  
  A miller usually refers to a person who operates a Gristmill, a machine to grind a cereal crop to make flour. Geoffory chaucer wrote a tale about a miller....
   (uneven bars)-a cast to handstand, with a 1 ½ turn after the handstand to a mixed-L grip, after Shannon Miller
  Shannon Miller
  
  Shannon Lee Miller is a former Artistic gymnastics from Edmond, Oklahoma, Oklahoma. She is one of the most decorated gymnasts in U.S. History, and considered one of the greatest gymnasts the United States has ever produced....
   (USA).
• Mo - salto (uneven bar), after Mo Huilan
  Mo Huilan
  
  Mo Huilan is a China gymnast who competed at the 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta. She was one of China's most successful gymnasts in the 1990s. She is known for performing routines of exceptional difficulty and technique, but also for inconsistency....
   (China).
• Okino (uneven bars (dismount))-a free hip underswing with ½ twist to layout back salto and Okino (balance beam)- triple pirouette (triple turn), after Elizabeth (Bettty) Okino
• Omelianchik (balance beam) and Omelianchik (vault), after Oksana Omelianchik
  Oksana Omelianchik
  
  Oksana Alexandrovna Omelianchik . She was originally a figure skater, and participated in her first skating meet at the age of 6. She began gymnastics on the recommendation of her skating choreographer, who believed she had potential in the sport....
   (USSR).
• O'Neill
  O'Neill
  
  O'Neill may refer to:People* O'Neill - origin and history of the Irish surname; people with the name* Dan O'Neill, radical cartoonist of the 1960s and 1970s who became intentionally involved in lawsuits with Disney....
   (still rings)- a stretched double feige backward to a hang, after Paul O'Neill
  Paul O'Neill (gymnast)
  
  Paul O'Neill is an United States gymnast most noted for his work on Rings ....
   (USA)
• Onodi (balance beam), after Henrietta Onodi
  Henrietta Ónodi
  
  Henrietta ?nodi is an Olympic gold medal Hungary gymnast who competed at the 1992 and 1996 Olympics.?nodi, also known as "Henni" in the gymnastics community, began gymnastics in 1978 and made her international debut in 1986....
   (Hungary).
• Pak Salto
  Pak salto
  
  The Pak, or Pak salto, is a release move performed on the uneven bars in women's artistic gymnastics. The move starts with the gymnast facing the low bar, swinging forwards towards the low bar and performing a backward salto to catch the low bar....
   (uneven bars)-the high bar, does a backward flip, and catches the low bar, after Gyong Sil Pak (North Korea)
• Patterson
  Patterson
  
  Patterson may refer to:...
   (balance beam), after Carly Patterson
  Carly Patterson
  
  Carly Rae Patterson is an American former gymnast. She is the 2004 Olympic All-Around Champion and a member of the USA Gymnastics Hall of Fame....
   (USA).
• Phelps
  Phelps
  
  Phelps may refer to:In places in the US:* Phelps, Kentucky* Phelps , New York** Phelps , New York* Phelps , WisconsinOther:...
   (vault)- half twist on, half twist off into a front layout, after Jaycie Phelps) (USA)
• Phillps (balance beam)-A handstand straddle split, with a 90 degree backbend, originally performed on the balance beam and press to side handstand, front walkover to side stand on both legs, after Kristie Phillps) (USA)
• Podkopayeva (vault), Podkopayeva floor) - double front somersault with a 1/2 twist, after Lilia Podkopayeva
  Lilia Podkopayeva
  
  Lilia Alexandrivna Podkopayeva is a retired Ukrainians gymnastics who became the 1996 Olympic Games all-around champion.Podkoypayeva was often referred to as the "complete package" gymnast, possessing equal qualities of technical skill and artistic expression....
   (Ukraine).
• Popa
  Popa
  
  Popa is a common family name in Romania. Persons named Popa include:*Constantin Popa, Romanian-Israeli basketball player*Gabriel Popa, Romanian painter...
   (floor) - straddle pike jump with 1/1 turn (360°), after Celestina Popa
  Celestina Popa
  
  Celestina Popa-Toma is a retired Romanian artistic gymnast, who competed in international events between 1985 and 1988. She is best known for a skill on the floor named after her....
   (Romania)
• Ray
  Ray
  
  Ray may refer to:*Batoidea , a superorder of cartilaginous fishes**Rajiformes, "True rays" and skates*Radiation*Ray , idealized narrow beam of light...
   (uneven bars)- a stalder backward with release and counter movement forward to catch the high bar, Ray
  Ray
  
  Ray may refer to:*Batoidea , a superorder of cartilaginous fishes**Rajiformes, "True rays" and skates*Radiation*Ray , idealized narrow beam of light...
   (uneven bars)- a handstand on the high bar to a pike sole circle backward into a backward counter straddle-reverse hecht over over the high bar and a recatch and Ray
  Ray
  
  Ray may refer to:*Batoidea , a superorder of cartilaginous fishes**Rajiformes, "True rays" and skates*Radiation*Ray , idealized narrow beam of light...
   (uneven bars (dismount))- An double twisting double layout uneven bar dismount, after Elise Ray
  Elise Ray
  
  Mary Elise Ray is an United States gymnast who represented the United States at the 2000 Olympics in Sydney and the 1999 World Championships....
   (USA)
• The Retton Flip (uneven bars)-a transition (front flip) from low- to high-bar, resulting in the gymnast perched or "sitting" on top of the high bar, after Mary Lou Retton
  Mary Lou Retton
  
  Mary Lou Retton is an American gymnastics. She was the first female gymnast from outside Eastern Europe to win the Olympic Games all-around title....
   (USA)
• Roth
  Roth
  
  Roth is a surname, and it may also refer to:In places:* Roth , in Bavaria** Roth bei N?rnberg, capital of that district* in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany:...
   (pommel horse)- from a cross support, rearways, reverse Stockli, wendeswing forward to reverse Stockli to cross support forward on other end, without touching pommels, after Bill Roth (USA)
• Shaposhnikova (uneven bars), after Natalia Shaposhnikova
  Natalia Shaposhnikova
  
  Natalia Vitalyevna Shaposhnikova , , married name Nataliya Sut, was a Soviet Union gymnast, two-time Olympic Champion, Honoured Master of Sports of the USSR....
   (USSR).
• Shushunova (floor), after Yelena Shushunova
  Yelena Shushunova
  
  Yelena Lvovna Shushunova is a Russian gymnastics, World, European, and Olympic Champion. Shushunova is renowned for her dynamic vaulting and tumbling skills as well as her longevity and exceptional consistency....
   (Russia).
• Silivas mount (balance beam) and Silivas
  Silivas
  
  Silivas may refer to several villages in Romania:* Silivas, Alba, a village in Hop?rta Commune, Alba County* Silivas, Cluj, a village in the town of Gherla, Cluj County...
    (floor), after Daniela Silivas
  Daniela Silivas
  
  Viorica Daniela Silivas-Harper , best known as Daniela Silivas, is a Romanian gymnast who is most famous for winning six medals in women's artistic gymnastics at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, Korea....
   (Romania)
• Strong
  Strong
  
  Strong may refer to:...
   (uneven bars) and Lori hop (balance beam), after Lori Strong
• Strug (floor)-a tour jete with additional ½ turn and a landing on both feet, after Kerri Strug
  Kerri Strug
  
  Kerri Allyson Strug is an American Gymnastics from Tucson, Arizona. She was a member of the Magnificent Seven , the gymnastics team that represented the United States at the 1996 Summer Olympics in 1996, and is remembered for performing the vault despite having seriously injured her ankle, in order to clinch a gold medal in the women's tea...
   (USA)
• Talavera
  Talavera
  
  Talavera may refer to the following:* Surname:** Talavera* Places:** Talavera, Lleida, a municipality in Segarra, Catalonia** Talavera, Nueva Ecija, a municipality in Nueva Ecija, Philippines...
   (balance beam)-pommel horse like move with the circle done like a flair, after Tracee Talavera
  Tracee Talavera
  
  Tracee Talavera is a retired artistic gymnast of Mexican-American descent who competed for the United States at the Olympics and World Championships....
  
• Teza (balance beam)- Yurchenko loop is performed with a full twisting handspring, after Elvire Teza (France)
• Thomas flair (pommel horse, floor exercise),Thomas
  Thomas
  
  Thomas may refer to:In people:* Thomas * Thomas , a masculine given name* Thomas the ApostleIn places:* Thomas, Oklahoma* Thomas, West Virginia...
   (floor)-a 1 ½ salto backward in a tucked or piked position with 1 ½ twists and,Thomas
  Thomas
  
  Thomas may refer to:In people:* Thomas * Thomas , a masculine given name* Thomas the ApostleIn places:* Thomas, Oklahoma* Thomas, West Virginia...
   (floor)- 1 ½ salto backward in a layout (straight) position with 1 ½ twists, after Kurt Thomas
  Kurt Thomas (gymnast)
  
  Kurt Bilteaux Thomas is an American Olympic Games gymnastics.While at Indiana State University in Terre Haute, Indiana, Thomas became a member of the US Olympic team at the 1976 Summer Olympics....
   (USA).
• Tkachev (uneven bars), after Alexander Tkachyov (USSR).
• Tsukahara (vault)
  Tsukahara (vault)
  
  The Tsukahara can refer to a specific Vault and a family of vaults in artistic gymnastics. The first Tsukahara vault was performed by Mitsuo Tsukahara in 1972....
  , after Mitsuo Tsukahara
  Mitsuo Tsukahara
  
  Mitsuo Tsukahara is a Japanese artistic gymnast and Olympic Gold Medalist. Tsukahara is well known for having invented a Vault technique called the "Tsukahara "....
   (Japan).
• Wang Huiying - Front Handspring layout barani (vault), after Wang Huiying (China).
• Wells (parallel bars)-a giant swing backward with in-locate forward, after Trent Wells
• White (uneven bars)-a front stalder into an L-grip to handstand with ½ turn in handstand, after Morgan White
• Yang Bo (balance beam), after Yang Bo
  Yang Bo
  
  Yang Bo is a People's Republic of China gymnast. She is known for her work on the balance beam, for which she created a move known as the "Yang Bo", which is rated as a D element in the Code of Points ....
   (China).
• Yurchenko (vault)
  Yurchenko (vault)
  
  Yurchenko is the name of both a specific vault and a vault family in artistic gymnastics. The Yurchenko was named after Soviet gymnast Natalia Yurchenko, who originated the vault in the early 1980s....
   and Yurchenko loop
  Yurchenko loop
  
  A Yurchenko loop is a skill performed on the balance beam in women's artistic gymnastics. It is named after Soviet gymnast Natalia Yurchenko, who originated and competed the element in the early 1980s....
   (balance beam), after Natalia Yurchenko
  Natalia Yurchenko
  
  Natalia Vladimirovna Yurchenko was a Soviet Union artistic gymnast, who was the women's all-around gold medalist at the 1983 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships....
   (USSR).

Association Football

• Bosman ruling
  Bosman ruling
  
  The Bosman ruling is a 1995 European Court of Justice decision concerning freedom of movement for workers, freedom of association and direct effect of article 39...
  , after Jean-Marc Bosman
  Jean-Marc Bosman
  
  Jean-Marc Bosman is a former Belgium football , whose judicial challenge of the football transfer rules led to the Bosman ruling. This landmark judgement completely changed the way footballers are employed, allowing professional players in the European Union to move freely to another club at the end of their term of contract with their prese...
   (Belgium).
• Cruijff Turn
  Cruijff Turn
  
  The Cruijff Turn-often spelled Cruyff Turn outside the Netherlands; see IJ ); was perfected by Johan Cruijff. To do this move, the person would look to pass or cross the ball....
  , after Johan Cruijff
  Johan Cruijff
  
  Johan Cruyff is a former Netherlands Association football player and Coach . He was named Ballon d'Or three times which is a record jointly held with Michel Platini and Marco van Basten....
   (Netherlands).
• Makélélé role (alternative name for a defensive midfielder), after Claude Makélélé
  Claude Makélélé
  
  Claude Mak?l?l? Sinda is a France international football player, who currently plays defensive midfielder for Paris Saint-Germain FC in the French Ligue 1....
   (France).
• a la Meazza, after Giuseppe Meazza
  Giuseppe Meazza
  
  Giuseppe "Peppino" Meazza also known as il "Balilla", Peppin, and sometimes Pepp, was an Italian footballer playing mainly for Internazionale Milano F.C....
   (Italy).
• a la Piola, after Silvio Piola
  Silvio Piola
  
  Silvio Piola was an Italy football from Robbio, province of Pavia. He is known as a highly prominent figure in the history of Italian football due to several records he set....
   (Italy).
• Stanley Matthews move, after Sir Stanley Matthews *Ronaldihno Move (alternative name for elastico), after Ronaldinho
  Ronaldinho
  
  Ronaldo de Assis Moreira , commonly known as Ronaldinho or Ronaldinho Ga?cho, is a Brazilian association football who plays forItalian Serie A side AC Milan and the Brazil national football team....
   (Brazil) who popularized the move invented by Roberto Rivelino (Brazil).
• Jay Jay Okocha Move, after Jay-Jay Okocha
  Jay-Jay Okocha
  
  Augustine Azuka "Jay-Jay" Okocha is a Nigerian former football who played as an Midfielder#Attacking midfielder....
   (Nigeria).
• Robinho pull back, after Robinho
  Robinho
  
  Robson de Souza , more commonly known as Robinho, is a Brazilian national football team international association football who currently plays for English Premier League club Manchester City F.C....
   (Brazil).
• Rivelino step over and Turn after Roberto Rivelino (Brazil).
• Juan Riquelme move, after Juan Román Riquelme
  Juan Román Riquelme
  
  Juan Rom?n Riquelme is an Argentina football midfielder who currently plays for Argentine Primera Divisi?n Argentina club Club Atl?tico Boca Juniors and the Argentina national football team....
   (Argentina).
• Ferenc Puskás move, after Ferenc Puskás
  Ferenc Puskás
  
  Ferenc Pusk?s was a legendary Hungarian people football and Coach and is regarded as one of the greatest footballers of all time. He scored a remarkable 84 goals in 85 international matches for Hungary national football team, and 514 goals in 529 matches in the Hungarian League and La Liga leagues....
   (Hungary)
• Diego Maradona move (alternative name for 360-spin), after Diego Maradona
  Diego Maradona
  
  Diego Armando Maradona is a former Argentina Association football player, and current coach of the Argentina national football team. For the FIFA Player of the Century award, he finished first in the internet voting portion, sharing the overall award with Pel?....
   (Argentina).
• Kerlon's Seal dribble
  Seal dribble
  
  The seal dribble is a football move. It is performed by flicking the ball up from the ground onto the head, whereby the player then proceeds to run past opponents, whilst bouncing the ball on top of his forehead....
  , after Kerlon (Brazil).

Athletics (track and field)

Athletics (track and field)

Track and field athletics, commonly known as athletics or track and field, is a collection of sports events that involve running, throwing and jumping....

• Fosbury flop, after Dick Fosbury
  Dick Fosbury
  
  Richard Douglas "Dick" Fosbury is a former athletics athlete who revolutionized the high jump event, using a back-first technique, now known as the Fosbury Flop....
   (USA).

Baseball

Baseball

Baseball is a bat-and-ball sport played between two team sport of nine players each. The goal of baseball is to score run by hitting a thrown Baseball with a baseball bat and touching a series of four markers called base arranged at the corners of a ninety-foot square, or diamond. Players on one team take turns hitting against...

• Mendoza Line
  Mendoza Line
  
  Category:Baseball statisticsThe Mendoza Line is an informal term used in baseball when a position player's batting average falls below the boundary between extremely poor and merely below-average offensive production, or the offensive threshold below which a player's presence in the Major League Baseball cannot be justified despite their def...
  , named after Mario Mendoza
  Mario Mendoza
  
  Mario Mendoza is a former Major League Baseball infielder who played for the Pittsburgh Pirates , Seattle Mariners and Texas Rangers .While playing for the Mexico City Reds in 1970, Mendoza was known as Manos de Seda or Silk Hands....
  .
• Pesky's pole
  Pesky's Pole
  
  Pesky's Pole, or The Pesky Pole, is the nickname for the right field foul pole at Fenway Park, home of the Boston Red Sox. It is named after Johnny Pesky, who played second base, shortstop and third base for the Red Sox from 1942 to 1952, except for 1943-45 during World War II....
  , named after Johnny Pesky
  Johnny Pesky
  
  John Michael Pesky , nicknamed "The Needle," is a former Major League Baseball shortstop/third baseman who played in the American League from 1942 to 1954....
  .
• Tal's Hill
  Minute Maid Park
  
  Minute Maid Park is a baseball park in Houston, Texas, United States that opened in 2000 to house the Houston Astros.The ballpark was Houston's first retractable-roofed stadium, protecting fans and athletes from Houston's notoriously humid weather as its predecessor, the Reliant Astrodome, did, but allowing fans to also enjoy outdoor baseb...
  , named after Tal Smith
  Tal Smith
  
  Talbot Smith is the president/baseball operations of the Houston Astros of United States Major League Baseball and a longtime executive in the game who has also been a consultant on salary arbitration cases to MLB clubs....
  .
• Tommy John surgery
  Tommy John surgery
  
  Tommy John surgery, known by doctors as ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction , is a surgical procedure in which a ligament in the medial Elbow-joint is replaced with a tendon from elsewhere in the body ....
  , named after Tommy John
  Tommy John
  
  Thomas Edward John Jr. is a former left-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball whose 288 career win rank as the 7th highest total among lefthanders in major league history and the most by any pitcher not selected for the Major League Baseball Hall of Fame....
  .

Basketball

Basketball

Basketball is a team sport in which two teams of five active players each try to score points against one another by propelling a basketball through a 10 feet  high hoop under organized rules....

• Ewing Theory, a term popularized by Bill Simmons named after Patrick Ewing
  Patrick Ewing
  
  Patrick Aloysius Ewing is an American retired Basketball Hall of Fame basketball player and current assistant coach for the National Basketball Association's Orlando Magic....
  
• Hack-a-Shaq
  Hack-a-Shaq
  
  Hack-a-Shaq is the name commonly ascribed to a basketball defense strategy initially instituted in the National Basketball Association by former Dallas Mavericks coach Don Nelson to hinder the scoring ability of the Chicago Bulls, specifically their poor free-throw shooter, Power forward Dennis Rodman....
  , named after Shaquille O'Neal
  Shaquille O'Neal
  
  Shaquille Rashaun O'Neal , frequently referred to simply as "Shaq", is an United States professional basketball player, rapper, and actor....
  
• Jordan Rules
  Jordan Rules
  
  The "Jordan Rules" were a defensive strategy employed by the Detroit Pistons against Michael Jordan in order to contain Jordan. Devised by head coach Chuck Daly in 1988, the Piston's strategy was "to play him tough, to physically challenge him and to vary its defenses so as to try to throw him off balance....
  , named after Michael Jordan
  Michael Jordan
  
  Michael Jeffrey Jordan is a retired United States professional basketball player and active businessman. His biography on the National Basketball Association website states, "By acclamation, Michael Jordan is the greatest basketball player of all time." Jordan was one of the most effectively marketed athletes of his generation and was instr...
  
• Larry Bird Exception, named after Larry Bird
  Larry Bird
  
  Larry Joe Bird is a retired American National Basketball Association basketball player, widely considered one of the best players of all time and one of the top clutch performers in the history of U.S....
  
• Trent Tucker Rule
  Trent Tucker Rule
  
  The Trent Tucker Rule is an National Basketball Association rule that disallows any regular shot to be taken on the court if the ball is put into play with less than three-tenths of a second left on the game clock....
  , named after Trent Tucker
  Trent Tucker
  
  Kelvin Trent Tucker is a retired United States professional basketball player who played 11 seasons in the United States of America National Basketball Association....
  

Brazilian Jiu Jitsu

• Kimura Lock

Boxing

Boxing

Boxing is a combat sport where two participants, generally of similar human weight, fight each other with their fists. Boxing is supervised by a referee and is typically engaged in during a series of one to three-minute intervals called rounds....

• Queensberry rules, after John Sholto Douglas, 9th Marquess of Queensberry (United Kingdom).

Cricket

Cricket

Cricket is a Bat-and-ball games team sport that originated in southern England. The earliest definite reference is dated 1598, and it is now played in more than 100 countries....

• Bosie (alternative name for a googly
  Googly
  
  In cricket, a googly is a type of delivery bowled by a right-arm leg spin bowler . It is occasionally referred to as a Bosie after its inventor Bernard Bosanquet ; in Australia it is commonly referred to as a wrong'un ....
  ), after Bernard Bosanquet
  Bernard Bosanquet (cricketer)
  
  Bernard James Tindal Bosanquet was an England cricketer, perhaps most renowned as the inventor of the googly .Bosanquet was born in Bulls Cross, Enfield, Middlesex, represented Uxbridge Cricket Club and made 120 for Eton College v Harrow School before becoming an undergraduate at Oriel College, Oxford in 1896....
   (England).
• Kolpak, after Maroš Kolpak
  Maroš Kolpak
  
  Maro? Kolpak is a Slovakia team handball goalkeeper and coach. Kolpak played 71 national team games for Slovakia national handball team. His legal actions in Germany set a precedent for professional sports in Europe, known as Kolpak ruling, which have had a wide-ranging effect, especially in regards to English County Championship and British...
  , a Slovak team handball
  Team handball
  
  Handball is a team sport in which two teams of seven players each pass and bounce a ball to throw it into the goal of the opposing team. The team with the most goals after two periods of 30 minutes wins....
   player whose victory in the European Court of Justice
  European Court of Justice
  
  The Court of Justice of the European Communities, usually called the European Court of Justice , is the Supreme court of the European Union ....
   opened the door to numerous non-English players in English county cricket
  County cricket
  
  County cricket is the highest level of domestic cricket in England and Wales. For the 2008 season, see County Cricket 2008....
  . (Term also used in both codes of rugby.)
• Mankading
  Run out
  
  Run out is a method of Dismissal in the sport of cricket. It is governed by Law 38 of the Laws of cricket....
  , after Vinoo Mankad
  Vinoo Mankad
  
  Mulvantrai Himmatlal Mankad , better known as Vinoo Mankad, was an Indian cricketer. An effective batsman and slow Left-arm orthodox spin bowler, he played in 44 Tests for Indian cricket team, and made 2109 runs at an average of 31.47 including five Test cricket century with a top score of 231....
   (India).
• Marillier shot
  Marillier shot
  
  The Marillier shot is a modern shot in cricket. it involves reversing the grip on the bat and using it as a ramp to flick a ball backwards over the batsman's shoulder for a boundary ....
  , after Doug Marillier
  Douglas Marillier
  
  Douglas Anthony Marillier is a Zimbabwean cricketer.He is a right hand batsman and a right arm offspin bowler. One of earliest vulgarisers of the "scoop" stroke which is designed to sail over fine-leg, he has a one-day top score of 100, achieved in Sharjah against Kenyan cricket team in April 2003....
   (Zimbabwe).

Figure Skating

Figure skating

Figure skating is a sport in which individuals, pairs, or groups perform figure skating spins, figure skating jumps, moves in the field and other intricate and challenging moves on ice....

• Axel jump
  Axel jump
  
  The Axel is a figure skating jump with a forward take-off. It is named after the Norwegian skater Axel Paulsen, who first performed the jump in 1882....
  , after Axel Paulsen
  Axel Paulsen
  
  Axel Paulsen was a Norway Figure skating and speed skater. He is the inventor of the figure skating Axel jump.Paulson first executed the jump in 1882, while wearing speed skating....
   (Norway).
• Besti squat
  Besti squat
  
  A Besti squat is a figure skating move. It is similar to the spread eagle in that the skater travels along an edge with both skates on the ice, the toes turned out to the sides and the heels facing each other....
  , after Natalia Bestemianova
  Natalia Bestemianova
  
  Natalia Filimonovna Bestemianova is a former Soviet Union figure skating. With partner Andrei Bukin, she is the 1988 Winter Olympics....
   (Russia).
• Biellmann spin
  Biellmann spin
  
  The Biellmann spin is a figure skating spin in which the skater executes a one-foot spin while holding the other foot extended over their head and behind them, with both hands, forming a teardrop shape with the body....
  , after Denise Biellmann
  Denise Biellmann
  
  Denise Biellmann is a Switzerland professional figure skater. She is the 1981 European Figure Skating Championships and World Figure Skating Championships....
   (Switzerland).
• Charlotte spiral
  Charlotte (figure skating)
  
  The charlotte , also known as the candle stick, is a figure skating spiral . The skater bends forward and glides on one leg with the other one lifted into the air....
  , after Charlotte Oelschlagel
  Charlotte Oelschlagel
  
  Charlotte Oelschlagel, aka Charlotte Hayward , was a professional Germany figure skating. In 1915 she was the first performer to star in a Broadway theatre ice show, appearing in Hip-Hip-Hooray! at the New York Hippodrome....
   (Germany).
• Ina Bauer
  Ina Bauer (element)
  
  An Ina Bauer is a moves in the field element in figure skating in which a skater skates on two parallel figure skate. The straight trailing leg is on the inside edge, and the bent leading leg is either on the inside or the outside edge....
  , after Ina Bauer
  Ina Bauer (figure skater)
  
  Ina Bauer is a Germany retired competitive figure skater. She is the 1957-1959 German Figure Skating Championships. She twice placed fourth at the World Figure Skating Championships, once in 1958 and once in 1959....
   (Germany).
• Kerrigan spiral, after Nancy Kerrigan
  Nancy Kerrigan
  
  Nancy Kerrigan is a two time United States Olympic Games figure skating medalist and 1993 United States Figure Skating Championships....
   (USA).
• Lutz jump
  Lutz jump
  
  The Lutz is a figure skating jump, named after Alois Lutz , an Austrian skater who performed it in 1913. It is a toepick-assisted jump with an entrance from a back outside edge and landing on the back outside edge of the opposite foot....
  , after Alois Lutz
  Alois Lutz
  
  Alois Lutz was an Austrians figure skater. He invented the Lutz jump. He performed it for the first time in competition in 1913....
   (Austria).
• Salchow jump
  Salchow jump
  
  The salchow is a figure skating jump with a takeoff from a back inside edge and landing on the back outside edge of the opposite foot after one or more rotations in the air....
  , after Ulrich Salchow
  Ulrich Salchow
  
  Karl Emil Julius Ulrich Salchow was a Sweden figure skating, who dominated the sport in the first decade of the 20th century.Salchow won the World Figure Skating Championships ten times, from 1901 to 1905, and from 1907 to 1911....
   (Sweden).
• Loop jump
  Loop jump
  
  The Loop jump is a figure skating jump that takes off from a back outside edge and lands on the same edge. For a jump with counterclockwise rotation, this is the right back outside edge....
  , in some countries (Germany and Poland, for example) this jump is called a Rittberger, after Werner Rittberger
  Werner Rittberger
  
  File:Bundesarchiv Bild 102-05466, St. Moritz, Winterolympiade.jpgWerner Rittberger was a German figure skating.Rittberger invented the Loop jump in 1910....
   (Germany).
• 'Tano lutz
  Lutz jump
  
  The Lutz is a figure skating jump, named after Alois Lutz , an Austrian skater who performed it in 1913. It is a toepick-assisted jump with an entrance from a back outside edge and landing on the back outside edge of the opposite foot....
  , after Brian Boitano
  Brian Boitano
  
  Brian Anthony Boitano is an United States Figure skating from Sunnyvale, California. He is a four-time United States Figure Skating Championships , two-time World Figure Skating Championships and the Figure skating at the 1988 Winter Olympics....
   (USA).
• Walley jump
  Walley jump
  
  A Walley jump is a full rotation jump in figure skating where the skater jumps off the backward inside edge, makes one full rotation in the air, and then lands on the backward outside edge of the same foot....
  , after Nate Walley (USA).
• Kayla Catch, after Kayla Doig (Australia).

Ice Hockey

Ice hockey

Ice hockey, often referred to simply as hockey, is a team sport played on ice. It is a fast paced and physical sport. Ice hockey is most popular in areas that are sufficiently cold for natural reliable seasonal ice cover such as Canada, the northern United States, Scandinavia and Russia, though with the advent of indoor artificial ice r...

• The Datsyuk, after a particular move by Pavel Datsyuk (Russia).
• Gordie Howe hat trick
  Gordie Howe hat trick
  
  In ice hockey, a Gordie Howe hat trick is an unofficial variation on the Hat-trick, wherein a player scores a goal , gets an assist , and participates in a fighting in ice hockey in a single game....
  , after Gordie Howe
  Gordie Howe
  
  Gordon "Gordie" Howe, Order of Canada is a retired professional ice hockey player from Canada who played for the Detroit Red Wings and Hartford Whalers of the National Hockey League , and the Houston Aeros and Hartford Whalers in the World Hockey Association ....
   (Canada).
• Lemieux cycle, after Mario Lemieux
  Mario Lemieux
  
  Mario Lemieux is a retired Canada professional ice hockey Centre who played 17 seasons for the Pittsburgh Penguins of the National Hockey League between 1984?85 NHL season and 2004?05 NHL season....
   (Canada).
• Savard spin-o-rama (or Savardian spin-o-rama), originally named after Serge Savard
  Serge Savard
  
  Serge Aubrey Savard, Order of Canada , National Order of Quebec is a former professional ice hockey defenceman , most famously with the Montreal Canadiens in the National Hockey League....
   (Canada), but made famous by Denis Savard
  Denis Savard
  
  Denis Joseph Savard is a Canadian, Hall of Fame, former professional ice hockey player in the National Hockey League from 1980?81 NHL season to 1996?97 NHL season....
   (Canada).

Rhythmic Gymnastics

Rhythmic gymnastics

Rhythmic gymnastics is a sport in which single competitors or pairs, trios or even more manipulate one or two apparatus: rope , hoop , ball , clubs and ribbon ....

• Timochenko, after Alexandra Timoshenko
  Alexandra Timoshenko
  
  Alexandra Alexandrovna Timoshenko Russian language ?????????? ????????????? ????????? Aleksandra Aleksandrovna Timoshenko is a former Soviet Union Individual Rhythmic gymnastics....
   (USSR).

Rugby League

Rugby league

Rugby league football is a competitive Full-contact sport team sport played with a spheroid-shaped ball by two teams of thirteen on a rectangular grass field....

• Sonny-Billed, means to have a really hard driving tackle performed on you, it is named after Sonny Bill Williams who consistantly performed these tackles.
• Hopoate, named after John Hopoate
  John Hopoate
  
  John Hopoate is a Tongan?Australian former rugby league footballer and boxer. He played club football for the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles, Wests Tigers and the Northern Eagles in the National Rugby League competition....
  

Tennis

Tennis

Tennis is a sport played between two players or between two teams of two players each . Each player uses a strung racquet to strike a hollow rubber Tennis ball covered with felt over a net into the opponent's tennis court....

Ultimate

Ultimate (sport)

Ultimate is a Contact sport team sport played with a 175 gram flying disc invented by Laura Hinz. The object of the sport is to score points by passing the disc to a player in the opposing end zone, similar to an end zone in American football or Rugby football....
 (Frisbee)

• Callahan, after Henry Callahan
  Henry Callahan
  
  Henry Callahan was a player and ambassador of Ultimate and helped bring the sport to the University of Oregon, formally establishing a team in 1978....
  .

Weightlifting

Weightlifting

Weightlifting, also called Weightlifting at the Summer Olympics or Olympic-style weightlifting, is a sport in which participants attempt a maximum weight single lift of a barbell loaded with weight plates....

• The Van Dam Lift, after Rob Van Dam
  Rob Van Dam
  
  Robert "Rob" Alexander Szatkowski better known by his ring name Rob Van Dam , is an United States Professional wrestling. He is best known for his time in Extreme Championship Wrestling and World Wrestling Entertainment ....
   (USA).

Wrestling

Amateur wrestling

Amateur wrestling is the most widespread form of sport wrestling. There are two international wrestling styles performed in the Olympic Games under the supervision of International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles : Greco-Roman wrestling and Freestyle wrestling....

• Karelin lift, after Alexander Karelin
  Alexander Karelin
  
  Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Karelin, or simply Alexander Karelin, is a Hero of the Russian Federation and was a dominant Greco-Roman wrestling amateur wrestling for the Soviet Union and later, after its dissolution, for Russia.He won gold medals at the 1988, 1992, and 1996 Olympic Games....
   (USSR/Russia).
• John Smith single, after John T. Smith
  John T. Smith
  
  To see the football player J.T. Smith see J. T. SmithJohn T. "J.T." Smith is an United States Professional wrestling, best known for his appearances in Extreme Championship Wrestling in the 1990s....
   (USA).