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Southbridge, Massachusetts
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History The area now known as Southbridge was initially inhabited by Native Americans of the Nipmuck and Mohegan tribes, with the dividing line for their territory as the Quinebaug River. Local inhabitants likely paid tribute to both tribes to be left in peace. As early as 1638, John Winthrop Jr. purchased a tract of land for mining lead in what is now Leadmine Road in Sturbridge (it was thought at the time that where there's lead, there should be silver nearby). Southbridge was first settled by Europeans in 1730 and it was incorporated in 1816; among the first settlers was Moses Marcy, who owned a home on the site of what is now Notre Dame church and who was elected to Congress, and the Dennison family. Water power from the Quinebaug River made Southbridge a good location for saw and grist mills in the 1700s and textile mills in the 1800s. After the American Civil War, many immigrants of Irish and French Canadian descent came to work and live there; by the 1930s they had been joined by Poles, Greeks, Italians, and others. Southbridge has a long history of manufacture of optical products. Under the leadership of the Wells family, The American Optical Company ("AO") became the world's largest manufacturer of ophthalmic products and at its height employed more than 6,000 people around the world. Many of its workers were exempted from the draft during World War II since they were doing vital defense work, including making Norden bombsights and even some work on the Atomic Bomb. By the early 1960s, the town had a movie theatre, an AM radio station (WESO), and an airport. New immigrants from Puerto Rico, Laos, and Vietnam began arriving in the 1970s and 1980s. The American Optical Company shut down in 1984, and the town is still struggling from the loss of these and other manufacturing jobs.
GeographyAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 20.9 square miles (54.0 km²), of which, 20.4 square miles (52.7 km²) of it is land and 0.5 square miles (1.3 km²) of it (2.40%) is water.
The principal road in Southbridge is Route 131, known as Main Street through downtown and East Main Street past the "AO Rotary" and through Sandersdale, a village on the town's east side. North-south roads include Eastford Road and Elm Street, and Worcester Street-Mechanic Street-North Woodstock Road.
Southbridge was formed out of portions of two of its neighboring towns: Sturbridge to the west and Dudley to the east. Other neighboring towns are Charlton to the north, and Woodstock, Connecticut, to the south.
DemographicsAs of the census of 2000, there were 17,214 people, 7,077 households, and 4,522 families residing in the city. The population density was 845.4 people per square mile (326.4/km²). There were 7,511 housing units at an average density of 368.9/sq mi (142.4/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 85.23% White, 1.43% Black or African American, 0.42% Native American, 1.52% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 8.70% from other races, and 2.63% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 20.17% of the population.
There were 7,077 households out of which 31.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.6% were married couples living together, 15.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.1% were non-families. 29.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 2.98.
In the city the population was spread out with 25.4% under the age of 18, 8.6% from 18 to 24, 30.3% from 25 to 44, 20.7% from 45 to 64, and 15.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 92.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.2 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $33,913, and the median income for a family was $41,863. Males had a median income of $36,008 versus $25,685 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,514. About 13.0% of families and 15.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.8% of those under age 18 and 10.2% of those age 65 or over.
GovernmentEducationSouthbridge has three public elementary schools, formerly "neighborhood schools" serving grades K-5. Since the 1988-1989 school year, however, all kindergarten and 1st grade classes have been at Eastford Road School; all of grades 2-3 at Charlton Street School; and all of grades 4-5 at West Street School. Grades 6-8 are at Mary E. Wells Junior High School, the former high school building. Grades 9-12 are at Southbridge High School, which includes the old Cole Trade School building. Southbridge residents can also attend Bay Path Vocational Technical High School in Charlton, MA.
In addition to the public schools, a parochial private school, Trinity Catholic Academy, serves the elementary grades.
TransportationSouthbridge has a small airfield, Southbridge Municipal Airport.
Points of interest- - Combination hotel and office complex built behind the historical American Optical building.
- - Outdoor recreation area along the Quinebaug River.
Notable residents- Félix Gatineau
- George Thorndike Angell - Founder of the Massachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, the first animal protection group in the country. Angell Animal Medical Centers are named after him. Born in Southbridge, MA. A plaque honoring him is at corner of Elm & Main Streets in Southbridge.
- William L. Marcy - Senator and Governor of New York, Secretary of War, and Secretary of State. Born in Southbridge, MA. The street where he was born is named Marcy Street, and formerly a school was named after him.
- John Fitzgerald - Center for the Dallas Cowboys. Played in Super Bowl XII. Born and raised in Southbridge. Played fullback for Southbridge High School, and then at Boston College.
See also
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