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Senusret I was the second pharaoh
Pharaoh

Pharaoh is a title used in many modern discussions of the ancient Egyptian rulers of all periods. In antiquity this title began to be used for the ruler who was the religious and political leader of united ancient Egypt, only during the New Kingdom, specifically, during the middle of the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt....
 of the Twelfth Dynasty
Twelfth dynasty of Egypt

The Eleventh , Twelfth, Thirteenth and Fourteenth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title, Middle Kingdom of Egypt....
 of Egypt
Ancient Egypt

Ancient Egypt was an Ancient history civilization in eastern North Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile in what is now the modern nation of Egypt....
. He ruled from 1971 BC to 1926 BC, and was one of the most powerful kings of this Dynasty. He was the son of Amenemhat I
Amenemhat I

Amenemhat I, also Amenemhet I, was the first ruler of the Twelfth dynasty of Egypt . He ruled from Twelfth dynasty of Egypt.Amenemhet I was not of royal lineage, and the composition of some literary works and, in architecture, the reversion to the pyramid-style complexes of the Sixth dynasty of Egypt rulers are often considered to...
 and his wife Nefertitanen. His own wife and sister was Neferu. She was also the mother of the successor Amenemhat II
Amenemhat II

Nubkhaure Amenemhat II was the third pharaoh of the Twelfth dynasty of Egypt of Ancient Egypt, not much is known about his reign. He ruled Egypt for 35 years from 1929 BC to 1895 BC and was the son of Senusret I through the latter's chief wife, Queen Nefru....
. Senusret I was known by his prenomen, Kheperkare, which means "the Ka of Re is created."

He continued his father's aggressive expansionist policies against Nubia
Nubia

Nubia is a region in Southern Egypt along the Nile and in what is now northern Sudan. Most of Nubia is situated in Sudan with about a quarter of its territory in Egypt....
 by initiating two expeditions into this region in his 10th and 18th Years and established Egypt's formal southern border at the fortress of Buhen
Buhen

Buhen was an ancient Egyptian settlement situated below the Cataracts of the Nile. It is well known for its fortress, probably constructed during the rule of Senusret III, around the year 1860 BC ....
 near the second cataract
Cataracts of the Nile

The cataracts of the Nile River are shallow stretches between Aswan and Khartoum where the water's surface is broken by numerous small boulders and stones lying on the river bed, as well as many small rocky islets....
 where he placed a garrison and a victory stele
Stele

A stele is a stone or wooden slab, generally taller than it is wide, erected for funerals or commemorative purposes, most usually decorated with the names and titles of the deceased or living ? inscribed, carved in relief , or painted onto the slab....
.






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Senusret I was the second pharaoh
Pharaoh

Pharaoh is a title used in many modern discussions of the ancient Egyptian rulers of all periods. In antiquity this title began to be used for the ruler who was the religious and political leader of united ancient Egypt, only during the New Kingdom, specifically, during the middle of the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt....
 of the Twelfth Dynasty
Twelfth dynasty of Egypt

The Eleventh , Twelfth, Thirteenth and Fourteenth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title, Middle Kingdom of Egypt....
 of Egypt
Ancient Egypt

Ancient Egypt was an Ancient history civilization in eastern North Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile in what is now the modern nation of Egypt....
. He ruled from 1971 BC to 1926 BC, and was one of the most powerful kings of this Dynasty. He was the son of Amenemhat I
Amenemhat I

Amenemhat I, also Amenemhet I, was the first ruler of the Twelfth dynasty of Egypt . He ruled from Twelfth dynasty of Egypt.Amenemhet I was not of royal lineage, and the composition of some literary works and, in architecture, the reversion to the pyramid-style complexes of the Sixth dynasty of Egypt rulers are often considered to...
 and his wife Nefertitanen. His own wife and sister was Neferu. She was also the mother of the successor Amenemhat II
Amenemhat II

Nubkhaure Amenemhat II was the third pharaoh of the Twelfth dynasty of Egypt of Ancient Egypt, not much is known about his reign. He ruled Egypt for 35 years from 1929 BC to 1895 BC and was the son of Senusret I through the latter's chief wife, Queen Nefru....
. Senusret I was known by his prenomen, Kheperkare, which means "the Ka of Re is created."

He continued his father's aggressive expansionist policies against Nubia
Nubia

Nubia is a region in Southern Egypt along the Nile and in what is now northern Sudan. Most of Nubia is situated in Sudan with about a quarter of its territory in Egypt....
 by initiating two expeditions into this region in his 10th and 18th Years and established Egypt's formal southern border at the fortress of Buhen
Buhen

Buhen was an ancient Egyptian settlement situated below the Cataracts of the Nile. It is well known for its fortress, probably constructed during the rule of Senusret III, around the year 1860 BC ....
 near the second cataract
Cataracts of the Nile

The cataracts of the Nile River are shallow stretches between Aswan and Khartoum where the water's surface is broken by numerous small boulders and stones lying on the river bed, as well as many small rocky islets....
 where he placed a garrison and a victory stele
Stele

A stele is a stone or wooden slab, generally taller than it is wide, erected for funerals or commemorative purposes, most usually decorated with the names and titles of the deceased or living ? inscribed, carved in relief , or painted onto the slab....
. He also organized an expedition to a Western Desert oasis
Oasis

In geography, an oasis or cienega is an isolated area of vegetation in a desert, typically surrounding a spring or similar water source. Oases also provide habitat for animals and even humans if the area is big enough....
 in the Libyan desert
Libyan Desert

The Libyan Desert is an African desert that is located in the northern and eastern part of the Sahara Desert and occupies western Egypt, eastern Libya and northwestern Sudan....
. Senusret I established diplomatic relations with some rulers of towns in Syria and Canaan
Canaan

Canaan is an ancient term for a region encompassing modern-day Israel and Lebanon, the Palestinian Territories, plus adjoining coastal lands and parts of Jordan, Syria and northeastern Egypt....
. He also tried to centralize the country's political structure by supporting nomarchs who were loyal to him. His pyramid was constructed at el-Lisht
El-Lisht

Lisht or el-Lisht is an Egyptian village located south of Cairo. It is the site of Middle Kingdom of Egypt royal and elite burials, including two pyramids built by Amenemhat I and Senusret I....
. Senusret I is mentioned in the Story of Sinuhe
Story of Sinuhe

The Tale of Sinuhe is a work of Ancient Egyptian literature. It is a narrative set in the aftermath of the death of Pharaoh Amenemhat I, founder of the Twelfth dynasty of Egypt of Egypt, in the early 20th century BC....
 where he is reported to have rushed back to the royal palace in Memphis from a military campaign in Asia after hearing about the assassination of his father, Amenemhat I
Amenemhat I

Amenemhat I, also Amenemhet I, was the first ruler of the Twelfth dynasty of Egypt . He ruled from Twelfth dynasty of Egypt.Amenemhet I was not of royal lineage, and the composition of some literary works and, in architecture, the reversion to the pyramid-style complexes of the Sixth dynasty of Egypt rulers are often considered to...
.

Building program

He dispatched several quarrying expeditions to the Sinai
Sinai Peninsula

The Sinai Peninsula or Sinai is a triangular peninsula in Egypt. It lies between the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Red Sea to the south, forming a land bridge between Africa and Southwest Asia....
 and Wadi Hammamat
Wadi Hammamat

is a wadi in Egypt's Eastern Desert, about halfway between Qusier and Qena. It was a major mining region and trade route east from the Nile Valley in ancient times, and three thousand years of rock carvings and graffiti make it a major scientific and tourist site today....
 and built numerous shrines and temples throughout Egypt and Nubia in his long reign. He rebuilt the important temple of Re-Atum in Heliopolis, the centre of the sun cult – and erected 2 red granite obelisks there to celebrate his Year 30 Heb Sed Jubilee
Sed festival

The sed festival was an ancient Egyptian ceremony which was held to celebrate the continued rule of a pharaoh. The name derives from the name of an Egyptian wolf god, one of whose names was Wepwawet or Sed....
. One of the obelisks still remains and is the oldest standing obelisk in Egypt, it is now in Al-Masalla (Obelisk in Arabic) area of Al-Matariyyah
Al-Matariyyah

Geography Al-Matariyyah or Mataria or AI-Matariya is a district in the north of Greater Cairo near Ain Shams district which was also a part of the ancient Heliopolis city....
 district near Ain Shams
Ain Shams

Ain Shams or Ein Shams is a suburb of Cairo, Egypt. The name means "eye of the sun" in Arabic language, with reference to the fact that Ain Shams is built on top of the ancient city of Heliopolis , once the spiritual centre of ancient Ancient Egypt Solar deity....
 district (Heliopolis
Heliopolis

Heliopolis, meaning "sun city" in Ancient Greek, can refer to*Heliopolis , the ancient city in Egypt*Heliopolis , a suburb in modern Cairo, Egypt...
). It is 67 feet tall and weighs 120 tons or 240,000 pounds.

A well known open bark shrine (known as the White Chapel
White Chapel

For other uses, see Whitechapel Currently reconstructed in the Karnak Open Air Museum, the White Chapel of Senwosret I/Senusret I/Sesostris I, also referred to as the Jubilee Temple of Senwosret I, was built during the Middle Kingdom of Egypt....
) with fine, high quality reliefs of this ruler, was built at Karnak to commemorate his Year 30 jubilee; it is still on display today after being successfully reconstructed from various stone blocks discovered by Henri Chevrier in 1926. Finally, Senusret remodelled the Temple of Khenti-Amentiu Osiris at Abydos
Abydos, Egypt

Abydos , one of the most ancient cities of Upper and Lower Egypt, is about 11 km west of the Nile at latitude 26? 10' N. The Egyptian name of both the eighth Nome of Upper Egypt and its capital city was Abdju, technically, 3bdw as in the hieroglyphs shown to the right, the hill of the symbol or reliquary, in which...
, among his other major building projects.

The royal court

Some of the key members of the court of Senusret I are known. The vizier
Vizier (Ancient Egypt)

The vizier was the highest official in Ancient Egypt to serve the king, or pharaoh during the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms. Vizier is the generally accepted rendering of ancient Egyptian tjati, tjaty etc, among Egyptologists....
 at the beginning of his reign was Intefiqer
Intefiqer

The Ancient Egyptian noble Intefiqer was overseer of the city and Vizier under Amenemhet I and Senusret I during the Twelfth dynasty of Egypt....
 who is known from many inscriptions and from his tomb next to the pyramid of Amenemhat I. He seems to have held this office for a long period of time and was followed by a vizier named Senusret
Senusret (vizier)

Senusret was an Ancient Egyptian official with the main title of a Vizier . He was in office in the last years under king Senusret I and in the first years of Amenemhet II....
. Two treasurer
Treasurer

In many governments, a treasurer is the person responsible for running the treasury. Treasurers are also employed by organizations such as clubs to look after funds....
s are known from the reign of the king: Sobekhotep (year 22) and Mentuhotep
Mentuhotep (treasurer)

File:Louvres-antiquites-egyptiennes-p1010953.jpgMentuhotep was an Ancient Egyptian official under Senusret I. His main title was that of a treasurer ....
. The latter had a huge tomb next to the pyramid of the king and he seems to have been the main architect of the Amun temple at Karnak.

Succession

Senusret was crowned coregent with his father, Amenemhat I, in his father's 20th regnal year. Towards the end of his own life, he appointed his son Amenemhat II
Amenemhat II

Nubkhaure Amenemhat II was the third pharaoh of the Twelfth dynasty of Egypt of Ancient Egypt, not much is known about his reign. He ruled Egypt for 35 years from 1929 BC to 1895 BC and was the son of Senusret I through the latter's chief wife, Queen Nefru....
 as his coregent. The stele of Wepwaweto is dated to the 44th year of Senusret and to the 2nd year of Amenemhet, thus he would have appointed him some time in his 43rd year. Senusret is thought to have died during his 46th year on the throne since the Turin Canon
Turin King List

The Turin King List, also known as the Turin Royal Canon, is a hieratic papyrus thought to date from the reign of Ramesses II, now in the Museo Egizio at Turin....
 ascribes him a reign of 45 Years.

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