Rumelia

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Rumelia

Rumelia or Rumeli (Turkish

Turkish language

Turkish is a language spoken by over 63 million people worldwide, making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. Its speakers are located predominantly in Turkey and Cyprus, with smaller groups in Iraq, Greece, Bulgaria, the Republic of Macedonia, Kosovo, Albania and other parts of Eastern Europe....
: Rumeli ("Land of the Romans" from Rum: "Byzantines" [formerly "Roman"] and El or Il: "Land"); , , , Rumeliya, , Roúmeli) is a Turkish name, used from the 15th century onwards, for the southern Balkan regions of the Ottoman Empire

Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire , also known by its contemporaries as the Turkish Empire or Turkey , was an empire that lasted from 1299?1923. It was Treaty of Lausanne by the Republic of Turkey, which was officially proclaimed on October 29, 1923....
.

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Rumelia or Rumeli (Turkish

Turkish language

Ottoman Empire

Byzantine Empire

Byzantine Empire and Eastern Roman Empire are conventional names used to describe the Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered on its capital of Constantinople....
, the former dominant power in the area. During the 11th and 12th centuries it was widely used for Anatolia

Anatolia

Anatolia or Asia Minor is a region of Western Asia, comprising most of the modern Republic of Turkey. It is a geographic region bounded by the Black Sea to the north, the Caucasus to the northeast, the Aegean Sea to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and the Iranian plateau to the east and southeast....
while it was gradually being conquered from the Byzantines.

Rumelia included the ancient provinces of Constantinople

Constantinople

Constantinople was the empire capital of the Roman Empire , the Byzantine Empire , the Latin Empire , and the Ottoman Empire . Strategically located between the Golden Horn and the Sea of Marmara at the point where Europe meets Asia, Byzantine Constantinople had been the capital of a Christendom empire, successor to ancient ancient Greece...
, Thessaloniki

Thessaloniki

Thessaloniki , Thessalonica, or Salonica is the List of largest cities and second largest cities by country in Greece and the capital of Macedonia , the nation's largest Regions of Greece....
, Thrace

Thrace

Macedonia (region)

Macedonia is a geographical and Historical regions of the Balkan Peninsula in southeastern Europe whose area was re-defined in the early 20th century....
and Moesia

Moesia

Moesia was an ancient region and Roman province situated in the areas of modern Serbia, Bulgaria and Romania along the south bank of the Danube River....
, today's central Greece

Greece

Greece , officially the Hellenic Republic , is a country in southeastern Europe, situated on the southern end of the Balkans. It has borders with Albania, Bulgaria and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia to the north, and Turkey to the east....
and European Turkey

Turkey

Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in southwest Asia and Thrace in the Balkans region of Southern Europe....
, bounded to the north by Danube

Danube

The Danube is the longest river in the European Union and Europe's second longest river after the Volga.The river originates in the Black Forest in Germany as the much smaller Brigach and Breg River rivers which join at the eponymously named German town Donaueschingen, after which it is known as the Danube and flows eastwards for a distance...
, west by Albania

Albania

Albania , officially the Republic of Albania , is a country in Balkans. It is bordered by Greece to the south-east, Montenegro to the north, Kosovo to the northeast, and the Republic of Macedonia to the east....
and south by the Morea

Morea

Morea was the name of the Peloponnese peninsula in southern Greece during the Middle Ages and the early modern period. It also referred to a Byzantine province in the region, known as the Despotate of Morea....
. The name Rumelia was ultimately applied to a province composed of central Albania and north-western Macedonia, with Bitola

Bitola

Bitola is a city in the southwestern part of the Republic of Macedonia. The city is an administrative, cultural, industrial, commercial, and educational centre....
for its chief town.

Owing to administrative changes effected between 1870 and 1875, the name ceased to correspond to any political division. Eastern Rumelia

Eastern Rumelia

Eastern Rumelia or Eastern Roumelia was an autonomous province in the Ottoman Empire from 1878 to 1908, however it was under Bulgarian control from 1885, when it Bulgarian unification the Principality of Bulgaria....
was constituted as an autonomous province of the Ottoman Empire by the Treaty of Berlin, 1878

Treaty of Berlin, 1878

The Treaty of Berlin was the final act of the Congress of Berlin , by which the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Austria-Hungary, French Third Republic, German Empire, Kingdom of Italy , Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire under Abdul Hamid II revised the Treaty of San Stefano signed on March 3 of the same year....
, but on September 6, 1885, after a bloodless revolution, it was united with Bulgaria

Bulgaria

The state of Bulgaria , Scientific transliteration Balgarija, officially the Republic of Bulgaria has played a significant role in the Balkans in south-eastern Europe for over fourteen centuries....
.

Today, in Turkey, the word Trakya has mostly replaced Rumelia when referring to the part of Turkey which is in Europe (provinces of Edirne

Edirne Province

Edirne is the westernmost Provinces of Turkey of Turkey, located in Eastern Thrace along the Greece border.It is named for its capital, Edirne ....
, Kirklareli

Kirklareli Province

Kirklareli is a Provinces of Turkey in northwestern Turkey on the west coast of the Black Sea. The province neighbours Bulgaria to the north along a 180 kilometers long border....
, Tekirdag

Tekirdag Province

Tekirdag province is in Trakya , the northwestern part of Turkey. The capital city is Tekirdag. It is famous for its meatball called "Tekirdag k?fte" and the Turkish Alcoholic beverage called Raki ....
, the northern part of Çanakkale Province

Çanakkale Province

?anakkale is a province of Turkey, located in the northwestern part of the country. It takes its name from the town of ?anakkale.Like Istanbul Province, ?anakkale province has a European and an Asian part....
and the western part of Istanbul Province

Istanbul Province

Istanbul Province is a Provinces of Turkey located in north-west Turkey. It has an area of 5,196 km? and a population of 12,573,836 . The population was 10,018,735 in 2000....
), though Rumelia remains in use in historical contexts, and the word is used in the context of the culture of current Turkish populations of the Balkans and descendants of Turkish immigrants from the Balkans. This region in Turkey is also referred to as Eastern Thrace or Turkish Thrace

Thrace

Thrace is a historical and geographic area in southeast Europe. Today the name Thrace designates a region spread over southern Bulgaria , northeastern Greece , and European Turkey ....
. In Greece, the term ???µe?? (Rumeli) has been used since Ottoman times to refer to Central Greece

Central Greece

Continental Greece or Central Greece , colloquially known as Rumelia , is a Regions of Greece of Greece. Its territory is divided into the peripheries of Central Greece , Attica, and one Prefectures of Greece of West Greece....
, especially when juxtaposed with Morea.

Administration

The first Beylerbey
Beylerbey

Beylerbey The rank was used initially for very large parts of the empire ? all of Anatolia and Rumelia ? but in later centuries the title was devaluated by extending it to the governors of various much smaller Ottoman eyalets....
of Rumelia was Lala Shahin Pasha

Lala Shahin Pasha

Lala Shahin Pasha was the first Beylerbey of Rumelia. He was one of commanders in Battle of Maritsa and the leader of the Battle of Bileca ....
, the lala (tutor) of Murad I

Murad I

Murad I was the ruler of the Ottoman Empire, Sultan of R?m, from 1359 to 1389. He was the son of Orhan I and the Valide Sultan Nil?fer Hatun , daughter of the Prince of Yarhisar or Byzantine Empire Princess Helen , who was of ethnic Greek people descent and became the ruler following his father's death in 1359....
. He established the seat of his administration in Plovdiv

Plovdiv

Plovdiv is the second-largest city in Bulgaria after Sofia, with a population of 379,119. It is the administrative centre of Plovdiv Province in southern Bulgaria and three municipalities , as well as the largest and most important city in Northern Thrace and the wider international historical region of Thrace....
(Filibe, Philippopolis) in 1362.

In 1382 the capital of Rumelia was moved to Sofia

Sofia

Sofia , is the Capital and largest city of the Bulgaria, with 2,5 million people living in the Capital Municipality. It is located in western Bulgaria, at the foot of the mountain massif Vitosha, and is the administrative, cultural, economic, and educational centre of the country....
.

Sahabettin Pasha (Sa'd ed-din Pasha) (1436)
Sokollu Mehmet Pasa (Mehmed-paša Sokolovic) (1551-1555)
Pertev Pasha (Serbian Ottoman from Herzegovina) (1555-?)
Yegen Pasha (17th century)
Ali Pasha
Ali Pasha

Ali Pasha of Tepelena or of Yannina, the "Lion of Yannina", was the Albanian people ruler of the western part of Rumelia, the Ottoman Empire's European territory which was also called European Turkey....
(Born in Loanina or yanina)(Albania) (1741-1822)
Yorgancioglu Pasha (1905)

Rumelia

Administration

See also