Royal Prussia

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Royal Prussia

Royal Prussia (; ) was a province of the Kingdom of Poland

Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569)

The Kingdom of Poland of the Jagiellons was the Poland state created by the accession of Jogaila, Grand Duke of Lithuania, to the Polish throne in 1386....
from 1466 and then the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

The Polish?Lithuanian Commonwealth was one of the largest and most populous countries in 16th and 17th-century Europe, formed by a Union of Lublin of Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1569....
from 1569 to 1772. Royal Prussia included Pomerelia

Pomerelia

Pomerelia is a Historical regions of Central Europe in northern Poland. Pomerelia was situated in eastern Pomerania on the southern shore of the Baltic Sea, centered on the city of Gdansk at the mouth of the Vistula....
, Chelmno Land (Kulmerland)

Chelmno Land

Kulmerland is a German language of a historical region in central Poland bounded by the Vistula and Drweca rivers.Kulmerland is named after the city of Chelmno ....
, Malbork Voivodeship (Marienburg)

Malbork Voivodeship

The Malbork Voivodeship was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Kingdom of Poland from 1454/1466 until the Partitions of Poland in 1772-1795....
, Gdansk (Danzig)

Gdansk

Gdansk is the city at the centre of the fourth-largest metropolitan area in Poland. It is Poland's principal seaport as well as the capital of the Pomeranian Voivodeship....
, Torun (Thorn)

Torun

Torun is a city in northern Poland, on the Vistula River, with population over 207,190 as of 2006, making it the second largest city of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, after Bydgoszcz....
, and Elblag (Elbing)

Elblag

Elblag is a city in northern Poland with 127,892 inhabitants . It is the capital of Elblag County and has been assigned to the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship since 1999....
. Royal Prussia is distinguished from Ducal Prussia

Ducal Prussia

The Duchy of Prussia or Ducal Prussia was a duchy in the eastern part of Prussia from 1525–1701. It was the first Protestantism state, with a dominant German-speaking population, as well as Masurians and Prussian Lithuanians minorities....
: the Royal Prussia was a part of Poland

Poland

Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe. Poland is bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian Enclave and exclave, to the north....
and the Ducal Prussia

Ducal Prussia

Brandenburg

Brandenburg is one of the sixteen states of Germany of Germany. It lies in the east of the country and is one of the new federal states that were re-created in 1990 upon the reunification of the former West Germany and East Germany....
since 1618). In old texts (until the 16th/17th c.) and in Latin the term Prut(h)enia refers to Royal Prussia, its eastern neighbour Ducal Prussia

Ducal Prussia

Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights

The monastic state of the Teutonic Knights , sometimes known in English by the German term Ordensstaat , or "Order-State", was formed during the Teutonic Knights' conquest of the pagan West-Baltic Old Prussians in the 13th century....
alike.

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Encyclopedia

Royal Prussia (; ) was a province of the Kingdom of Poland

Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569)

Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

Pomerelia

Chelmno Land

Malbork Voivodeship

The Malbork Voivodeship was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Kingdom of Poland from 1454/1466 until the Partitions of Poland in 1772-1795....
, Gdansk (Danzig)

Gdansk

Gdansk is the city at the centre of the fourth-largest metropolitan area in Poland. It is Poland's principal seaport as well as the capital of the Pomeranian Voivodeship....
, Torun (Thorn)

Torun

Elblag

Ducal Prussia

Poland

Ducal Prussia

Brandenburg

Ducal Prussia

Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights

Prutenic Tables

The Prutenic Tables , were an ephemeris by the astronomer Erasmus Reinhold published in 1551. They are sometimes called the Prussian Tables after Albert I, Duke of Prussia, who supported Reinhold and financed the printing....
.

History

Prior to the Teutonic Knights

Teutonic Knights

The Order of the Teutonic Knights of St. Mary's Hospital in Jerusalem , or for short the Teutonic Order was a Germans Roman Catholic religious order....
' invasion in the early 1300s, the region included Pomerelia

Pomerelia

Prussia (region)

Prussia is a Historical regions of Central Europe in Central Europe extending from the south-eastern coast of the Baltic Sea to the Masurian Lake District....
.

Thirteen Years' War

During the Thirteen Years' War

Thirteen Years' War

The Thirteen Years' War was also the name of an Austrian-Ottoman War: Thirteen Years War in HungaryThe Thirteen Years' War , also called the War of the Cities, a series of inter-Prussian conflicts, were fought from 1454-1466....
("War of the Cities"), in February 1454, the Prussian Confederation

Prussian Confederation

?The Prussian Confederation was an organization formed in 1440 by a group of 53 gentry and clergy and 19 cities in Prussia to oppose the monastic state of the Teutonic Knights....
, led by the cities of Danzig (Gdansk), Elbing

Elbing

Elbing may refer to:*Prussian city of Elbing Elblag in Poland*German name of the Elbing River , in Poland*SMS Elbing, light cruiser of the Imperial Germany Navy...
(Elblag), and Thorn

Torun

Chelmno Land

Kulmerland is a German language of a historical region in central Poland bounded by the Vistula and Drweca rivers.Kulmerland is named after the city of Chelmno ....
(Chelmno Land) asked the Polish king for support against the Teutonic Order's rule and for incorporation of Prussia into the Polish kingdom. The rebellion also included major cities from the eastern part of the Order's lands, such as Kneiphof

Kneiphof

Kneiphof was one of three towns in the Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights that became the city of K?nigsberg . Kneiphof was originally Knypabe , meaning 'area flushed by water' in Old Prussian....
, a part of Königsberg

Königsberg

K?nigsberg was after World War II in 1946 renamed Kaliningrad by the Soviet Union.The city was the Capital of East Prussia from the Late Middle Ages until 1945....
. The war ended in October 1466 with the Second Peace of Thorn, which provided for the Order's cession to the Polish Crown of its rights over the western half of Prussia, including Pomerelia

Pomerelia

Malbork

Malbork is a town in northern Poland in the Zulawy region, with 41,000 inhabitants . Situated in the Pomeranian Voivodeship since 1999, it was previously assigned to Elblag Voivodeship ....
(Malbork), and Kulm

Chelmno

Chelmno is a town in northern Poland near the Vistula river with 20,000 inhabitants and the historical capital of Chelmno Land . Situated in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship since 1999, Chelmno was previously in Torun Voivodeship ....
(Chelmno). Before Teutonic invasion on the region in 1308 it was Polish province of Eastern Pomerania.

Kingdom of Poland

Royal Prussia enjoyed substantial autonomy in its affiliation to the Crown of Poland — it had its own Diet

Diet (assembly)

In politics, a diet is a formal deliberative assembly. The term is derived from Medieval Latin dietas, and ultimately comes from the Latin dies, "day"....
(see Prussian estates

Prussian estates

The Prussian estates were representative bodies of Prussia , created by the Monastic state of the Teutonic Knights in the 14th century . They were at first composed of officials of six big cities of the region ....
), treasury and monetary unit and armies. It was governed by a council, subordinate to the Polish king, whose members were chosen from local lords and wealthy citizens. Prussians had also seats provided for them in Polish Diet, but they chose not to use this right until the Union of Lublin

Union of Lublin

Archbishopric of Warmia

The Prince-Bishopric of Warmia was a semi independent ecclesiastical state, a Prussian bishopric under jurisdiction of Archbishopric of Riga that was a protectorate of the Monastic state of the Teutonic Knights and a protectorate of Kingdom of Poland, later Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the Second Peace of Thorn ...
had claimed the title of imperial Prince-Bishopric status, supposedly given by Emperor Charles IV. Although this claim seems unsupported by any document, it was in wide use in the 17th century. The bishopric continued defending this status until the end of the Holy Roman Empire

Holy Roman Empire

The Holy Roman Empire was a union of territories in Central Europe during the Middle Ages and the Early modern Europe under a Holy Roman Emperor....
in 1806.

The eastern part of Prussia remained under the rule of the Teutonic Knights

Teutonic Knights

The Order of the Teutonic Knights of St. Mary's Hospital in Jerusalem , or for short the Teutonic Order was a Germans Roman Catholic religious order....
and its successors, becoming the Duchy of Prussia in 1525 when the Order's last Grand Master Albert von Hohenzollern

Albert I, Duke of Prussia

Albert was the 37th Grand Masters of the Teutonic Knights of the Teutonic Knights and, after converting to Lutheranism, the first duke of the Duchy of Prussia, which was the first state to adopt the Lutheran faith and Protestantism as the official state religion....
adopted Lutheranism

Lutheranism

Lutheranism is a major branch of Western Christianity that identifies with the teachings of the sixteenth-century Germans Reformer Martin Luther....
and secularized the land as its hereditary ruler. In 1618 the duchy was inherited by John Sigismund von Hohenzollern

John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg

John Sigismund was a Prince-elector of the Margraviate of Brandenburg from the House of Hohenzollern. He also served as a Duchy of Prussia.John Sigismund was born in Halle, Saxony-Anhalt to Joachim Frederick, Elector of Brandenburg, and his first wife Catherine, Princess of Brandenburg-K?strin....
. It remained under Polish (and briefly Swedish) suzerainty and the rulers of Brandenburg had to swear formal allegiance to the Polish Crown. Brandenburg achieved sovereignty over the duchy in the Treaty of Wehlau

Treaty of Wehlau

The Treaty of Wehlau was a treaty signed in the eastern Prussian town of Wehlau between Poland and Brandenburg-Prussia during The Deluge on September 19, 1657....
(1657).

The Commonwealth

As a result of the Union of Lublin

Union of Lublin

The Union of Lublin replaced the personal union of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania with a real union and an elective monarchy, since Sigismund II Augustus, the last of the Jagiellons, remained childless after three marriages....
in 1569, Royal Prussia's autonomy was abolished and the region was united with the Polish Crown. Prussian electors became senators and representatives to the Polish parliament, the Sejm

Sejm

The Sejm is the lower house of the Poland parliament.Before the 20th century, the term "Sejm" referred to the entire three-Chambers of parliament Polish parliament, comprising the lower house , the upper house and the monarch....
.

After the incorporation to the Crown of the Polish Kingdom

Crown of the Polish Kingdom

The Crown of the Polish Kingdom , or simply the Crown , is the name for the territory under direct Poland administration in the times of the Poland until the end of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth ....
, local diets

Diet (assembly)

In politics, a diet is a formal deliberative assembly. The term is derived from Medieval Latin dietas, and ultimately comes from the Latin dies, "day"....
(Sejmik

Sejmik

A sejmik was a regional assembly in the Polish?Lithuanian Commonwealth, and earlier in the Jagiellon Poland. Sejmiks existed until the end of the Commonwealth in 1795 following the partitions of Poland....
) were organised for:

Chelmno Voivodeship
Chelmno Voivodeship

The Chelmno Voivodeship was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Kingdom of Poland since 1454/1466 till the partitions in 1772/1795....
with seat in Radzyn
Radzyn

There are two cities in Poland known as Radzyn:* Radzyn Chelminski, in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodship* Radzyn Podlaski, in the Lublin Voivodship...
,
Malbork Voivodeship
Malbork Voivodeship

The Malbork Voivodeship was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Kingdom of Poland from 1454/1466 until the Partitions of Poland in 1772-1795....
with seat in Sztum
Sztum

Sztum [] is a town in Poland, capital of Sztum County, located in Pomeranian Voivodeship, with some 10,141 inhabitants ....
and
for following powiat
Powiat

A powiat is the second-level unit of local government and administration in Poland, equivalent to a county, district or prefecture in other countries....
s of Pomeranian Voivodship
Pomeranian Voivodeship

File:Pomorskie Logo.jpgFile:Brosen ContainerTerminaGdansk.jpgFile:Pomeranian density 2007.pngThe Pomeranian Voivodeship, also known as Pomerelian Voivodeship is a Voivodeships of Poland, or province, in north-central Poland....
:

Powiat Czluchów
Czluchów County

Czluch?w County is a unit of territorial administration and local government in Pomeranian Voivodeship, northern Poland. It was created on January 1, 1999 as a result of the Local Government Reorganization Act of 1998....
with seat in Czluchów
Czluchów

Czluch?w is a town in the region of Middle Pomerania, northwestern Poland, with some 14,610 inhabitants .Czluch?w has been the capital of Czluch?w County in the Pomeranian Voivodeship since 1999....
or Chojnice
Chojnice

Chojnice is a town in northern Poland with 39 670 inhabitants , near famous Tuchola Forest, Lake Charzykowskie and many other water reservoirs....
,
Powiat Mirachowo with seat in Mirachowo
Mirachowo

Mirachowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kartuzy, within Kartuzy County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately north-west of Kartuzy and west of the regional capital Gdansk....
,
Powiat Puck
Puck County

Puck County is a unit of territorial administration and local government in Pomeranian Voivodeship, northern Poland, on the Baltic Sea coast. It was created on January 1, 1999 as a result of the Local Government Reorganization Act of 1998....
with seat in Puck
Puck

Puck may refer to:* Puck , a nature spirit* Puck , used instead of a ball in ice hockey and other sports* Puck , a late 20th century US periodical...
,
Powiat Swiecie
Swiecie County

Swiecie County is a unit of territorial administration and local government in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-central Poland. It was created on January 1, 1999 as a result of the Local Government Reorganization Act of 1998....
with seat in Swiecie
Swiecie

Swiecie [] is a town in northern Poland with 25,968 inhabitants , situated in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship ; it was previously in Bydgoszcz Voivodeship ....
,
Powiat Tczew
Tczew County

Tczew County is a unit of territorial administration and local government in Pomeranian Voivodeship, northern Poland. It was created on January 1, 1999 as a result of the Local Government Reorganization Act of 1998....
and Powiat Gdansk with seat in Starogard Gdanski
Starogard Gdanski

Starogard Gdanski is a town in Eastern Pomerania in northwestern Poland with 48,328 inhabitants . It is 50 km from the Tricity agglomeration on the coast of Gdansk Bay....
,
Powiat Tuchola
Tuchola County

Tuchola County is a unit of territorial administration and local government in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, north-central Poland. It was created on January 1, 1999 as a result of the Local Government Reorganization Act of 1998....
with seat in Tuchola
Tuchola

Tuchola [] is a town in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship in northern Poland. The Pomeranian town, which had a population of 13,976 as of 2004, is located close to the Tuchola Forests about 50 km north of Bydgoszcz, and is the seat of Tuchola County....
.

The main task of the Sejmiks was the election of MPs

Member of Parliament

A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative of the voters to a parliament. In many countries the term applies specifically to members of the lower house, as upper houses often have a unique title, such as senate, and thus also have unique titles for its members, such as senators....
for the Sejm of Poland. Royal Prussia was allocated 10 MPs (167 total).

The Partitions

During the First (1772) and Second (1793) Partitions of Poland

Partitions of Poland

The Partitions of Poland or Partitions of the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth took place in the second half of the 18th century and ended the existence of the Polish?Lithuanian Commonwealth....
, Royal Prussia was gradually annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia

Kingdom of Prussia

The Kingdom of Prussia was a Germany monarchy from 1701 to 1918 and, from 1871, was the leading state of the German Empire, comprising almost two-thirds of the area of the empire....
. Its territory largely made up the Province of West Prussia

West Prussia

West Prussia was a Provinces of Prussia of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1773–1824 and 1878–1919/20 which was created out of the earlier Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth province of Royal Prussia....
created in 1773.

Royal Prussia

History

Thirteen Years' War

Kingdom of Poland

The Commonwealth

The Partitions

See also

Further reading

External links