Sejmik

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Sejmik

A sejmik (diminutive of the Polish

Polish language

Polish , an official language of Poland, has the largest number of speakers of any West Slavic languages. Polish-speakers use the language in a uniform manner through most of Poland, and it has a regular orthography....
word "sejm
Sejm

The Sejm is the lower house of the Poland parliament.Before the 20th century, the term "Sejm" referred to the entire three-Chambers of parliament Polish parliament, comprising the lower house , the upper house and the monarch....
", meaning a type of parliament

Parliament

A parliament is a legislature, especially in those countries whose system of government is based on the Westminster system modeled after that of the United Kingdom....
) was a regional assembly in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, and earlier in the Kingdom of Poland. Sejmiks existed until the end of the Commonwealth in 1795 following the partitions of Poland

Partitions of Poland

The Partitions of Poland or Partitions of the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth took place in the second half of the 18th century and ended the existence of the Polish?Lithuanian Commonwealth....
. In modern Poland

Poland

Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe. Poland is bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian Enclave and exclave, to the north....
, since 1999, the term sejmik (in full sejmik województwa) has been revived as the name for the elected council of each of the 16 voivodeships

Voivodeships of Poland

The voivodeship or province has been a high-level administrative subdivision of Poland since the 14th century. Pursuant to the Local Government Reorganization Act of 1998, effective January 1, 1999, sixteen new voivodeships were created, replacing the former 49 that had existed from July 1, 1975....
or regions (see voivodeship sejmik

Voivodeship sejmik

A voivodeship sejmik is a regional council composed of election councillors in each of the 16 Voivodeships of Poland of Poland. Sejmiks are elected for four-year terms....
).

History
Sejmiks arose from the 1454 Nieszawa Statutes, granted to the nobility

Szlachta

Szlachta refers to the nobility social class in the Kingdom of Poland , the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the increasingly polonized territories under their control ....
by King Casimir IV Jagiellon

Casimir IV Jagiellon

Casimir IV Jagiellon of the Jagiellon dynasty, was List of Lithuanian rulers from 1440, and List of Polish monarchs from 1447, until his death....
.

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Encyclopedia

A sejmik (diminutive of the Polish

Polish language

Parliament

Partitions of Poland

Poland

Voivodeships of Poland

Voivodeship sejmik

A voivodeship sejmik is a regional council composed of election councillors in each of the 16 Voivodeships of Poland of Poland. Sejmiks are elected for four-year terms....
).

History

Sejmiks arose from the 1454 Nieszawa Statutes, granted to the nobility

Szlachta

Casimir IV Jagiellon

Casimir IV Jagiellon of the Jagiellon dynasty, was List of Lithuanian rulers from 1440, and List of Polish monarchs from 1447, until his death....
. These also led in 1493 to the national Sejm

Sejm

The Sejm is the lower house of the Poland parliament.Before the 20th century, the term "Sejm" referred to the entire three-Chambers of parliament Polish parliament, comprising the lower house , the upper house and the monarch....
.

In the 16th century, the leading force at sejmiks was the middle nobility; later this passed to the magnate

Magnate

Magnate, from the Late Latin magnas, a great man, itself from Latin magnus 'great', designates a noble or other man in a high social position, by birth, wealth or other qualities....
s (magnaci). Lithuanian sejmiks (Lithuanian - seimelis, pl. seimeliai) in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania

Grand Duchy of Lithuania

The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was an Eastern and Central European state from the 12th /13th century until the 18th century. It was founded by Lithuanians, at the time one of the Lithuanian mythology Baltic tribes, whose initial lands covered Auk?taitija, the eastern part of present day Lithuania....
were dominated much more by the magnates than those which were subject to the Crown

Crown of the Polish Kingdom

The Crown of the Polish Kingdom , or simply the Crown , is the name for the territory under direct Poland administration in the times of the Poland until the end of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth ....
of Poland proper. Sejmiks attained the peak of their importance at the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries, when they often set their own time-limits — that is, extended their authorized periods of operation. Such abuses were suppressed by acts of the one-day Silent Sejm

Silent Sejm

Silent Sejm is the name given to the session of the Sejm of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth of 1 February 1717. It marked the end of Augustus II of Poland's attempts to create an absolute monarchy in Poland, and the beginning of Tsardom of Russia increasing influence and control over the Commonwealth....
(Polish: sejm niemy) of 1717.

Features

Sejmiks were usually held on a large, open field. There were three kinds of sejmik:

General (Polish: generalny, Latin conventiones generales), held in western Poland (Greater Poland
Greater Poland

Greater Poland or Great Poland, Polish Wielkopolska is a historical region of west-central Poland. Its chief city is Poznan. Administratively, most of the region now forms Greater Poland Voivodeship , although some parts lie in Lubusz Voivodeship, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship and L?dz Voivodeship Voivodeships of Poland....
, Polish: Wielkopolska) at Kolo
Kolo

Kolo [] is a town on the Warta River in central Poland with 23,101 inhabitants . It is situated in the Greater Poland Voivodship , having previously been in Konin Voivodship , and it is the capital of Kolo County....
, in southern Poland (Little Poland
Lesser Poland

Lesser Poland is one of the historical regions of Poland. It forms the southeastern corner of the country. It should not be confused with the modern Lesser Poland Voivodeship, which covers just a part of the historical region of Lesser Poland...
, Polish: Malopolska) at Nowe Miasto Korczyn, in Masovia
Masovian Voivodeship

Masovian Voivodeship is the largest and most populous of the sixteen Poland provinces, or Voivodeships of Polands, created in 1999. It occupies of...
(Polish: Mazowsze) at Warsaw
Warsaw

Warsaw is the Capital and World's largest cities of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River roughly from both the Baltic Sea coast and the Carpathian Mountains....
, in Red Ruthenia
Ruthenian Voivodeship

Ruthenia Voivodeship was an administrative division of the Kingdom of Poland . Together with Belz Voivodeship, it formed Prowincja with its capital city in Krak?w....
at Sadowa Wisznia, and in Lithuania
Grand Duchy of Lithuania

The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was an Eastern and Central European state from the 12th /13th century until the 18th century. It was founded by Lithuanians, at the time one of the Lithuanian mythology Baltic tribes, whose initial lands covered Auk?taitija, the eastern part of present day Lithuania....
at Volkovysk. The General Sejmiks were composed of delegates elected at the provincial sejmiks. Their goal was to agree on a position for the Sejm Walny (General Sejm) and issue instructions for the deputies on how they were supposed to vote during the General Sejm.

Provincial or Territorial (Polish: ziemski, Latin
Latin

Latin is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Through the Military history of the Roman Empire, Latin spread throughout the Mediterranean and a large part of Europe....
conventiones particulares, conventiones terrestrae) (in every voivodeship). Their importance was greatest in the 15th century, and diminished with the formation of the General Sejm. Since then they were relegated to dealing with local matters, and electing deputies to the General Sejms.

County (powiat
Powiat

A powiat is the second-level unit of local government and administration in Poland, equivalent to a county, district or prefecture in other countries....
) (Polish: powiatowy).

They could meet for special purposes:

Pre-sejm (Polish: przedsejmowe) sejmiks elected 1 to 6 deputies (poslowie) (depending on the size and importance of the given sejmik's territory) to the ordinary General Sejm
General sejm

The General Sejm was the parliament of Poland for four centuries from the late 15th through the late 18th century....
(Polish: Sejm Walny) that was held every two years for six weeks, and to any extraordinary General Sejm that might be called at any time in an emergency, to sit for two weeks. Sometimes pre-sejm sejmiks were referred to as electoral. In some cases, a sejmik could be called for two voivodeships - in that case it could elect more than 6 deputies.

Electoral (Polish: elekcyjne) sejmiks elected higher voivodeship officials.

Relational (Polish: relacyjne) sejmiks heard the reports of deputies returned from the General Sejm, usually presenting the law (konstytucje sejmowe) decreed by the Sejm.

Deputational (Polish: deputackie) sejmiks elected deputies (deputaci) to tribunal
Tribunal

Tribunal in the general sense is any person or institution with the authority to judge, adjudication on, or determine claims or disputes - whether or not it is called a tribunal in its title....
s (Crown Tribunal
Crown Tribunal

File:Lublin trybunal noc.jpgCrown Tribunal ? was the highest appeal court in the Crown of the Polish Kingdom for most cases, exceptions being the cases were a noble landowner was threatened with loss of life and/or property - then he could appeal to the Sejm court ....
and Lithuanian Tribunal
Lithuanian Tribunal

Lithuanian Tribunal was the highest appeal court for the bajorai of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. It was the counterpart to the Crown Tribunal of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom, on which it was based....
) from the times of King Stefan Batory
Stefan Batory

Stephen B?thory was a Hungarian noble Prince of Transylvania , then King consort and Grand Duke consort of Lithuania to Anna Jagiellon. He was a member of the Somlyo branch of the noble Hungary B?thory....
onwards.

Administrative (or economic, Polish: gospodarcze) sejmiks oversaw voivodeship self-government.

Sejmiks were called by the king or the governor (voivode) of the province (voivodeship

Voivodeship

A voivodeship, also spelled voivodship, voivodina or vojvodina , is a type of administrative division dating to medieval Poland, Romania, Hungary, Lithuania, Latvia, Russia and Serbia , ruled by a voivode ....
). The king, or his representative, decreed the important matters that the sejmiks should debate in a letter, called a royal legation (Polish legacja królewska). All the nobility (szlachta
Szlachta

Szlachta refers to the nobility social class in the Kingdom of Poland , the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the increasingly polonized territories under their control ....
) residing in a voivodeship were eligible to participate in sejmiks (and only the nobility from the given territory, this was confirmed by the nihil novi

Nihil novi

Nihil novi nisi commune consensu is the original Latin title of a 1505 Statute adopted by the Poland Sejm , meeting in the royal castle at Radom....
constitution); other estates

Estates of the realm

The Estates of the realm were the broad divisions of society, usually distinguishing nobility, clergy, and commoners recognized in the Middle Ages and later in some parts of Europe....
sent only delegations in an advisory capacity. A sejmik could be disrupted with a liberum veto

Liberum veto

Liberum veto was a parliamentary device in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. It allowed any member of the Sejm to force an immediate end to the current session and nullify all legislation already passed at it by shouting Nie pozwalam! ....
, which eventuality was guarded against by the formation (as at sejms) of a confederation

Confederated sejm

Confederated sejm was a form of sejm in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 18th century. After 1764, sejms were frequently confederated....
, which compelled majority voting.

Each sejmik elected a sejmik marshal (marszalek sejmiku: presiding officer of the sejmik, similar to the marshal of the sejm at national Sejms). This term has also been revived since 1999, but it now refers to the chairman of the voivodeship executive board rather than the presiding officer of the sejmik itself.

Deputies

#	Constituency	Voivodeship	Deputies
1	Kraków Kraków Krak?w , in English also spelled Krakow or Cracow , is one of the largest and oldest cities in Poland, with a population of 756,336 in 2007 ....	Kraków Kraków Voivodeship (14th century-1795) Krak?w Voivodeship 14th c.-1795 - a unit of administrative division and local government in the Kingdom of Poland from 14th century to the partitions of Poland in 1772-1795 ....	6
2	Poznan Poznan Poznan is a city in west-central Poland with over 567,882 inhabitants . Located on the Warta River, it is one of the oldest cities in Poland, making it an important historical centre and a vibrant centre of trade, industry, and education....	Poznan Poznan Voivodeship (14th century–1793) Poznan Voivodeship 14th c.-1793 , ) was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland from the 14th century to the partitions of Poland in 1772-1795....	6
3	Oswiecim Oswiecim Oswiecim is a town in southern Poland with about 41,500 inhabitants , situated some west of Krak?w in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship since 1999, previously in Bielsko-Biala Voivodeship .... –Zator Zator Zator [] is an old town in southern Poland, in Lesser Poland Voivodeship , previously in Bielsko-Biala Voivodeship .Town rights since 1292....	Kraków Kraków Voivodeship (14th century-1795) Krak?w Voivodeship 14th c.-1795 - a unit of administrative division and local government in the Kingdom of Poland from 14th century to the partitions of Poland in 1772-1795 ....	2
4	Vilnius Vilnius Vilnius is the largest city and the Capital of Lithuania, with a population of 555,613 as of 2008. It is the seat of the Vilnius city municipality and of the Vilnius district municipality....	Vilnius Vilnius Voivodeship The Vilnius Voivodeship was one of voivodeships in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, created in 1413, from the Duchy of Lithuania and neighbouring lands....	2
5	Ashmyany	Vilnius Vilnius Voivodeship The Vilnius Voivodeship was one of voivodeships in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, created in 1413, from the Duchy of Lithuania and neighbouring lands....	2
6	Lida Lida Lida is a city in western Belarus in Hrodna Voblast, situated 160 km west of Minsk. It is the fourteenth largest city in Belarus....	Vilnius Vilnius Voivodeship The Vilnius Voivodeship was one of voivodeships in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, created in 1413, from the Duchy of Lithuania and neighbouring lands....	2
7	Vilkmerge Ukmerge Ukmerge is a city in Vilnius County, Lithuania, located 78 km northwest of Vilnius, with a population of about 28,000 ....	Vilnius Vilnius Voivodeship The Vilnius Voivodeship was one of voivodeships in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, created in 1413, from the Duchy of Lithuania and neighbouring lands....	2
8	Braslaw	Vilnius Vilnius Voivodeship The Vilnius Voivodeship was one of voivodeships in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, created in 1413, from the Duchy of Lithuania and neighbouring lands....	2
9	Sandomierz Sandomierz Sandomierz is a city in south-eastern Poland with 25,714 inhabitants .Situated in the Swietokrzyskie Voivodeship , previously in Tarnobrzeg Voivodeship ....	Sandomierz Sandomierz Voivodeship Sandomierz Voivodeship was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland from 14th century to the partitions of Poland in 1772–1795....	7
10	Kalisz Kalisz Kalisz is a city in central Poland with 109,800 inhabitants . Situated on the Prosna river in the southeastern part of the Greater Poland Voivodeship, the city forms a conurbation with the nearby towns of Ostr?w Wielkopolski and Skalmierzyce....	Kalisz Kalisz Voivodeship (1314–1793) Kalisz Voivodeship 1314?1793 was an administrative unit of Poland from 1314 to the partitions of Poland in 1772–1795. It was part of Greater Poland province....	6
11	Trakai Trakai Trakai is a historic city and lake resort in Lithuania. It lies 28 km west of Vilnius, capital of Lithuania. Because of its proximity to Vilnius, Trakai is a popular tourist destination....	Trakai Trakai Voivodeship Trakai Voivodeship, Trakai Palatinate, or Troki Voivodeship , was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from 1413 until 1795....	2
12	Hrodna Hrodna Hrodna or Grodno , is a city in Belarus. It is located on the Neman River , close to the borders of Poland and Lithuania . It has 325,164 inhabitants ....	Trakai Trakai Voivodeship Trakai Voivodeship, Trakai Palatinate, or Troki Voivodeship , was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from 1413 until 1795....	2
13	Kaunas Kaunas Kaunas is the second largest city in Lithuania and a Temporary capital of Lithuania. It is served by the freeways European route E67 and A1 highway ....	Trakai Trakai Voivodeship Trakai Voivodeship, Trakai Palatinate, or Troki Voivodeship , was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from 1413 until 1795....	2
14	Upyte Upyte Upyte is a small village in Paneve?ys district municipality in northern Lithuania. It is situated some 12 km southwest of Paneve?ys on the banks of Ve?eta Creek....	Trakai Trakai Voivodeship Trakai Voivodeship, Trakai Palatinate, or Troki Voivodeship , was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from 1413 until 1795....	2
15	Sieradz Sieradz Sieradz is a town on the Warta river in central Poland with 44,326 inhabitants .It is situated in the L?dz Voivodship , but was previously the eponymous capital of the Sieradz Voivodship , and historically one of the minor duchies in Greater Poland....	Sieradz Sieradz Voivodeship (1339–1793) Sieradz Voivodeship was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland from 14th century to the second partition of Poland in 1793....	4
16	Wielun Wielun Wielun [] is a town in central Poland with 24,347 inhabitants . Situated in the L?dz Voivodeship , it was previously in Sieradz Voivodeship ....	Sieradz Sieradz Voivodeship (1339–1793) Sieradz Voivodeship was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland from 14th century to the second partition of Poland in 1793....	2
17	Leczyca Leczyca Leczyca Leczyca [] is a town of 16,594 inhabitants in central Poland. Situated in the L?dz Voivodeship, it is the county seat of the Leczyca County....	Leczyca Leczyca Leczyca Voivodeship Leczyca Voivodeship was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland from the 14th century until the partitions of Poland in 1772-1795....	4
18	Samogitia	Samogitia	2
19	Brzesc Kujawski Brzesc Kujawski Brzesc Kujawski [] is a town in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, Population - 4,521 , Poland.It has been the seat of one of two small duchy into which Kuyavia has been temporarily divided....	Brzesc Kujawski Brzesc Kujawski Voivodeship Brzesc Kujawski Voivodeship was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland from 14th century to the partitions of Poland in 1772–1795....	2
20	Dobrzyn Golub-Dobrzyn Golub-Dobrzyn [] is a town in central Poland, located on the both sides of the Drweca River. Situated in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship , it was previously in the Torun Voivodeship ....	Brzesc Kujawski Brzesc Kujawski Voivodeship Brzesc Kujawski Voivodeship was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland from 14th century to the partitions of Poland in 1772–1795....	2
21	Kiev Kiev Kiev, also known as Kyiv , is the Capital and the largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper River....	Kiev	6
22	Inowroclaw Inowroclaw Inowroclaw According to the 2004 Census estimate the town has a total population of 77,641. Situated in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship since 1999, Inowroclaw was previously in the Bydgoszcz Voivodeship ....	Inowroclaw Inowroclaw Voivodeship Inowroclaw Voivodeship was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland from 14th century to the partitions of Poland in 1772–1795....	2
23	Lviv Lviv Lviv is a major city in western Ukraine.It is regarded as one of the main Ukrainian culture. In 2001, it had 725,000 inhabitants, of whom 88 per cent were Ukrainians, 9 per cent Russians and 1 per cent Poles....	Ruthenia Ruthenian Voivodeship Ruthenia Voivodeship was an administrative division of the Kingdom of Poland . Together with Belz Voivodeship, it formed Prowincja with its capital city in Krak?w....	2
24	Przemysl Przemysl File:Przemysl - Panorama z Kopca Tatarskiego.jpgFile:Przemysl - Rynek.jpgPrzemysl is a city in south-eastern Poland with 66,756 inhabitants, as of 30.06.2008....	Ruthenia Ruthenian Voivodeship Ruthenia Voivodeship was an administrative division of the Kingdom of Poland . Together with Belz Voivodeship, it formed Prowincja with its capital city in Krak?w....	2
25	Sanok Sanok Sanok [] , part of The Land of Sanok , is a town in south-eastern Poland with 39,110 inhabitants, as of 30.06.2008.Sanok is situated in the Subcarpathian Voivodship ; previously, it was in Krosno Voivodship and in Ruthenian Voivodeship , which was part of the :pl:Malopolska ....	Ruthenia Ruthenian Voivodeship Ruthenia Voivodeship was an administrative division of the Kingdom of Poland . Together with Belz Voivodeship, it formed Prowincja with its capital city in Krak?w....	2
26	Halych Halych Halych is a historic city on the Dniester River in western Ukraine. The town gave its name to the historic province and kingdom of Galicia , of which it was the capital until the early 14th century, when the seat of the local princes was moved to Lviv....	Ruthenia Ruthenian Voivodeship Ruthenia Voivodeship was an administrative division of the Kingdom of Poland . Together with Belz Voivodeship, it formed Prowincja with its capital city in Krak?w....	2
27	Chelm Chelm Chelm is a city in eastern Poland with 72,595 inhabitants . It is located to the south-east of Lublin, north of Zamosc and south of Biala Podlaska, some 25 kilometres from the border with Ukraine....	Ruthenia Ruthenian Voivodeship Ruthenia Voivodeship was an administrative division of the Kingdom of Poland . Together with Belz Voivodeship, it formed Prowincja with its capital city in Krak?w....	2
28	Volhynia	Volhynia	6
29	Podolia Podole Voivodeship The Podole Voivodeship was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Kingdom of Poland , since the 14th century till 1793/1795, except for a short period of Ottoman Empire administration ....	Podolia Podole Voivodeship The Podole Voivodeship was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Kingdom of Poland , since the 14th century till 1793/1795, except for a short period of Ottoman Empire administration ....	6
30	Smolensk Smolensk Smolensk is a types of inhabited localities in Russia and the administrative centre of Smolensk Oblast, located on the Dnieper River. Situated west-southwest of Moscow, this walled city was destroyed several times throughout its long history since it was on the invasion routes of both Napoleon and Hitler....	Smolensk Smolensk Voivodeship Smolensk Voivodeship was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and later the Polish?Lithuanian Commonwealth....	2
31	Starodub Starodub Starodub is a types of settlements in Russia in Bryansk Oblast, Russia. It is located on the Babinets River , 169 km southwest of Bryansk....	Smolensk Smolensk Voivodeship Smolensk Voivodeship was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and later the Polish?Lithuanian Commonwealth....	2
32	Lublin Lublin Lublin is the largest city in Poland east of the Vistula, and the capital of Lublin Voivodeship with a population of 355,954 . It is List of cities and towns in Poland....	Lublin Lublin Voivodeship (1474–1795) Lublin Voivodeship 15th century – 1795 was an administrative region of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth created in 1474 out of parts of Sandomierz Voivodeship and lasting till the Partitions of Poland in 1795....	3
33	Polotsk	Polotsk	2
34	Belz Belz Belz , a small town in the Lviv Oblast of western Ukraine, near the border with Poland, is located between the Solokiya river and the Rzeczyca stream....	Belz Belz Voivodeship Belz Voivodeship was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland from 14th century to the partitions of Poland in 1772–1795....	4
35	Navahrudak	Navahrudak	2
36	Slonim Slonim Slonim is a city in Belarus in the Hrodna voblast and Slonim Rayon, located at the junction of the Shchara and Isa Rivers, 143 km southeast of Hrodna ....	Navahrudak	2
37	Vawkavysk	Navahrudak	2
38	Plock Plock Plock is a city in central Poland, on the Vistula river, with 131,011 inhabitants. It is located in the Masovian Voivodeship , having previously been the capital of the Plock Voivodeship ....	Plock Plock Voivodeship (1495–1793) Plock Voivodeship was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Kingdom of Poland from the 15th century till the partitions of Poland in 1795....	2
39	Vitebsk Vitebsk Vitebsk, also known as Viciebsk or Vitsyebsk , is a city in Belarus, near the border with Russia and Latvia. The capital of the Vitebsk Oblast, in 2004 it had 342,381 inhabitants, making it the country's fourth largest city....	Vitebsk	2
40	Orsha Orsha Orsha is a city in Belarus in Vitebsk voblast on the fork of the Dnieper River and Arshytsa rivers....	Vitebsk	2
41	Czersk Czersk Czersk [] is a town in northern Poland in Chojnice County, Pomeranian Voivodeship.On July 1, 2006 this municipality celebrated 80 years of granting this community the status of city....	Masovia Masovian Voivodeship (1526-1795) Masovian Voivodeship, 1526-1795 was an administrative region of the Kingdom of Poland of the Jagiellons, and of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, from the 15th century to the partitions of Poland ....	2
42	Warsaw Warsaw Warsaw is the Capital and World's largest cities of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River roughly from both the Baltic Sea coast and the Carpathian Mountains....	Masovia Masovian Voivodeship (1526-1795) Masovian Voivodeship, 1526-1795 was an administrative region of the Kingdom of Poland of the Jagiellons, and of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, from the 15th century to the partitions of Poland ....	2
43	Wizna Wizna Wizna is a village in Lomza County of Podlaskie Voivodeship, north-east Poland. The Biebrza River flows through the town. The battle of Wizna took place here during the Invasion of Poland in 1939....	Masovia Masovian Voivodeship (1526-1795) Masovian Voivodeship, 1526-1795 was an administrative region of the Kingdom of Poland of the Jagiellons, and of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, from the 15th century to the partitions of Poland ....	2
44	Wyszogród Wyszogród Wyszogr?d [] is a town in Poland, in Masovian Voivodship, in Plock County, by the Vistula River. The population of Wyszogr?d is 2,793 inhabitants ....	Masovia Masovian Voivodeship (1526-1795) Masovian Voivodeship, 1526-1795 was an administrative region of the Kingdom of Poland of the Jagiellons, and of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, from the 15th century to the partitions of Poland ....	2
45	Zakroczym Zakroczym Zakroczym [] is a small town in the Masovian Voivodeship, Poland. It is located at around . The Vistula River flows through the town....	Masovia Masovian Voivodeship (1526-1795) Masovian Voivodeship, 1526-1795 was an administrative region of the Kingdom of Poland of the Jagiellons, and of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, from the 15th century to the partitions of Poland ....	2
46	Ciechanów Ciechanów Ciechan?w is a town in north-central Poland with 47,900 inhabitants . It is situated in Masovian Voivodeship . It was previously the Capital of Ciechan?w Voivodeship....	Masovia Masovian Voivodeship (1526-1795) Masovian Voivodeship, 1526-1795 was an administrative region of the Kingdom of Poland of the Jagiellons, and of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, from the 15th century to the partitions of Poland ....	2
47	Lomza Lomza Lomza Lomza [] is a town in north-eastern Poland, approximately 90 miles from Warsaw and 50 miles from Bialystok. It is situated alongside the Narew river and has been in the Podlaskie Voivodeship since 1999; previously, it was the capital of the Lomza Voivodeship ....	Masovia Masovian Voivodeship (1526-1795) Masovian Voivodeship, 1526-1795 was an administrative region of the Kingdom of Poland of the Jagiellons, and of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, from the 15th century to the partitions of Poland ....	2
48	Rózan Rózan R?zan [] is a town in Mazovian Voivodeship, Poland. It is located at around . Narew River flows through the town....	Masovia Masovian Voivodeship (1526-1795) Masovian Voivodeship, 1526-1795 was an administrative region of the Kingdom of Poland of the Jagiellons, and of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, from the 15th century to the partitions of Poland ....	2
49	Liw Liw Liw is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Liw, within Wegr?w County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately west of Wegr?w and east of Warsaw....	Masovia Masovian Voivodeship (1526-1795) Masovian Voivodeship, 1526-1795 was an administrative region of the Kingdom of Poland of the Jagiellons, and of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, from the 15th century to the partitions of Poland ....	2
50	Nur Nur, Poland Nur is a village in Ostr?w Mazowiecka County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina called Gmina Nur. It lies approximately south-east of Ostr?w Mazowiecka and north-east of Warsaw....	Masovia Masovian Voivodeship (1526-1795) Masovian Voivodeship, 1526-1795 was an administrative region of the Kingdom of Poland of the Jagiellons, and of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, from the 15th century to the partitions of Poland ....	2
51	Drohiczyn Drohiczyn Drohiczyn [] is a small historic town in Siemiatycze County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, Poland. The town with population 2,110 is situated on a bank of river Western Bug....	Podlachia Podlaskie Voivodeship (1513–1795) The Podlaskie Voivodeship was formed in 1513 by Sigismund I the Old as a voivodeship in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, from a split off part of the Trakai Voivodeship....	2
52	Bielsk Podlaski Bielsk Podlaski Bielsk Podlaski is an Gmina in Bielsk County, Podlaskie Voivodeship. It is located north-eastern Poland....	Podlachia Podlaskie Voivodeship (1513–1795) The Podlaskie Voivodeship was formed in 1513 by Sigismund I the Old as a voivodeship in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, from a split off part of the Trakai Voivodeship....	2
53	Mielnik Mielnik Mielnik is a village in Siemiatycze County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, close to the border with Belarus. It is the seat of the gmina called Gmina Mielnik....	Podlachia Podlaskie Voivodeship (1513–1795) The Podlaskie Voivodeship was formed in 1513 by Sigismund I the Old as a voivodeship in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, from a split off part of the Trakai Voivodeship....	2
54	Rawa Mazowiecka Rawa Mazowiecka Rawa Mazowiecka [] is a town in central Poland, with 17,765 inhabitants . It lies in the L?dz Voivodeship and is the capital of Rawa County.From 1562 hosted Rawa Treasury for Polish-Lithuanian army....	Rawa Mazowiecka Rawa Voivodeship Rawa Voivodeship was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Kingdom of Poland since 15th century till the partitions of Poland in 1795....	2
55	Sochaczew Sochaczew Sochaczew [] is a town in central Poland, with 38,300 inhabitants .Situated in the Masovian Voivodeship , previously in Skierniewice Voivodeship ....	Rawa Mazowiecka Rawa Voivodeship Rawa Voivodeship was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Kingdom of Poland since 15th century till the partitions of Poland in 1795....	2
56	Gostynin Gostynin Gostynin is a town in Central Poland with 19,414 inhabitants . It has been situated in both the Masovian Voivodship since 1999 and was previously in the Plock Voivodship from 1975 to 1998....	Rawa Mazowiecka Rawa Voivodeship Rawa Voivodeship was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Kingdom of Poland since 15th century till the partitions of Poland in 1795....	2
57	Brest-Litovsk Brest, Belarus For other uses, see BrestBrest , formerly also Brest-on-the-Bug and Brest-Litovsk, is a city in Belarus at the border with Poland opposite the city of Terespol, where the Western Bug River and Mukhavets River rivers meet....	Brest-Litovsk	2
58	Pinsk Pinsk Pinsk , a town in Belarus, in the Polesia region, traversed by the river Pripyat River, at the confluence of the Strumen River and Pina rivers. The region is known as the Pinsk Marshes....	Brest-Litovsk	2
59	Chelmno Chelmno Chelmno is a town in northern Poland near the Vistula river with 20,000 inhabitants and the historical capital of Chelmno Land . Situated in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship since 1999, Chelmno was previously in Torun Voivodeship ....	Chelmno Chelmno Voivodeship The Chelmno Voivodeship was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Kingdom of Poland since 1454/1466 till the partitions in 1772/1795....	2
60	Mstsislaw Mstsislaw Mstsislaw is a town in Mahilyow Voblast, Eastern Belarus. As of 2004, its population is 11,700.Mstsislaw was first mentioned in the Ipatiev Chronicle under 1156....	Mstsislaw	2
61	Malbork Malbork Malbork is a town in northern Poland in the Zulawy region, with 41,000 inhabitants . Situated in the Pomeranian Voivodeship since 1999, it was previously assigned to Elblag Voivodeship ....	Malbork Malbork Voivodeship The Malbork Voivodeship was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Kingdom of Poland from 1454/1466 until the Partitions of Poland in 1772-1795....	2
62	Bratslav Bratslav Bratslav is a townlet in Ukraine, located in the Nemyriv raion of Vinnytsya Oblast, by the Southern Bug river. It is a medieval European city having dramatically lost its importance during 19th-20th centuries....	Bratslav Braclaw Voivodeship The Braclaw Voivodeship was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania since 1566 till 1569 and of the Polish?Lithuanian Commonwealth since 1569 till 1793/1795....	6
63	Gdansk Gdansk Gdansk is the city at the centre of the fourth-largest metropolitan area in Poland. It is Poland's principal seaport as well as the capital of the Pomeranian Voivodeship....	Pomerania Pomeranian Voivodeship (1466-1772) This was a unit of administrative division and local government in the The Jagiellon Era from 1454/1466 until the Partitions of Poland in 1772/1795....	2
64	Minsk Minsk Minsk is the Capital and largest city in Belarus, situated on the Svislach River and Nemiga rivers. Minsk is also a headquarters of the Commonwealth of Independent States ....	Minsk Minsk Voivodeship Minsk Voivodeship was a unit of administrative division and local government in Grand Duchy of Lithuania since 1413 and later in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth till the partitions of Poland in 1795....	2
65	Mazyr Mazyr Mazyr, also Mozyr is a city in the Homiel Voblast of Belarus on the Pripyat River about 210 km east of Pinsk and 100 km northwest of Chernobyl and is located at approximately ....	Minsk Minsk Voivodeship Minsk Voivodeship was a unit of administrative division and local government in Grand Duchy of Lithuania since 1413 and later in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth till the partitions of Poland in 1795....	2
66	Rechytsa Rechytsa Rechytsa is a town in the Homiel Voblast of Belarus. It is center of Rechytsa district. City is situated at the mouth of Recyca River, flowing into Dnieper....	Minsk Minsk Voivodeship Minsk Voivodeship was a unit of administrative division and local government in Grand Duchy of Lithuania since 1413 and later in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth till the partitions of Poland in 1795....	2
67	Livonia	Livonia	6
68	Chernihiv Chernihiv Chernihiv, , is a historic city in northern Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Chernihiv Oblast , as well as of the surrounding Chernihivskyi Raion within the oblast....	Chernihiv	4

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