Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6
Encyclopedia
The Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6 is one of the most popular turboprop
Turboprop
A turboprop engine is a type of turbine engine which drives an aircraft propeller using a reduction gear.The gas turbine is designed specifically for this application, with almost all of its output being used to drive the propeller...

 aircraft engine
Aircraft engine
An aircraft engine is the component of the propulsion system for an aircraft that generates mechanical power. Aircraft engines are almost always either lightweight piston engines or gas turbines...

s in history, and is produced by Pratt & Whitney Canada
Pratt & Whitney Canada
Pratt & Whitney Canada is a Canadian aircraft engine manufacturer. PWC's headquarters are in Longueuil, Quebec, just outside Montreal. It is a division of the larger US-based Pratt & Whitney , itself a business unit of United Technologies...

. The PT6 family is particularly well known for its extremely high reliability, with MTBO's on the order of 9000 hours in some models. In US military use, they are designated as T74 or T101. The main variant, the PT6A, is available in a wide variety of models, covering the power range between 580 and 920 shaft horsepower in the original series, and up to 1940 shp in the "large" lines. The PT6B and PT6C are turboshaft
Turboshaft
A turboshaft engine is a form of gas turbine which is optimized to produce free turbine shaft power, rather than jet thrust...

 variants for helicopters.

Design and development

Development of the PT6 family started in the late 1950s, apparently as a modern replacement for the Pratt & Whitney Wasp
Pratt & Whitney Wasp
-External links:*...

 radial engine
Radial engine
The radial engine is a reciprocating type internal combustion engine configuration in which the cylinders point outward from a central crankshaft like the spokes on a wheel...

s they were producing at that time. It first flew on 30 May 1961, mounted on a Beech 18 aircraft at de Havilland Canada
De Havilland Canada
The de Havilland Aircraft of Canada Ltd. company was an aircraft manufacturer with facilities based in what is now the Downsview area of Toronto, Ontario, Canada...

's Downsview, Ontario facility. Full-scale production started in 1963, entering service the next year. By its 40th anniversary in 2001 over 36,000 PT6As had been delivered, not including the other versions. The engine is used in over 100 different applications.

The engine consists of two sections that can be easily separated for maintenance. In the gas-generator section air enters through a grill into the low-pressure three-stage axial compressor
Axial compressor
Axial compressors are rotating, airfoil-based compressors in which the working fluid principally flows parallel to the axis of rotation. This is in contrast with other rotating compressors such as centrifugal, axi-centrifugal and mixed-flow compressors where the air may enter axially but will have...

, then into a single-stage centrifugal compressor
Centrifugal compressor
Centrifugal compressors, sometimes termed radial compressors, are a sub-class of dynamic axisymmetric work-absorbing turbomachinery.The idealized compressive dynamic turbo-machine achieves a pressure rise by adding kinetic energy/velocity to a continuous flow of fluid through the rotor or impeller...

, through the annular reverse-flow combustion chamber
Combustion chamber
A combustion chamber is the part of an engine in which fuel is burned.-Internal combustion engine:The hot gases produced by the combustion occupy a far greater volume than the original fuel, thus creating an increase in pressure within the limited volume of the chamber...

, and finally through a single-stage turbine that powers the compressors at about 45,000 rpm. Some power is also taken from the compressor end of the shaft to power an accessories section, which also loads the engine when idle to keep it from racing out of control, because the fuel control unit can't prevent that. The hot gas from the gas generator section then flows into a separate power section of the engine, containing a single-stage turbine driving the power take-off
Power take-off
A power take-off or power takeoff is a splined driveshaft, usually on a tractor or truck, that can be used to provide power to an attachment or separate machine. It is designed to be easily connected and disconnected...

 system at about 30,000 rpm. For turboprop use, this powers a two-stage planetary output reduction gearbox, which turns the propeller at a speed of 1,900 to 2,200 rpm. The exhaust gas then escapes through two side mounted ducts in the power turbine housing, and is directed away from the engine in order to provide about 600 lbf (2,668.9 N) of jet thrust. The engine is arranged such that the power turbines are mounted inside the combustion chamber, reducing overall length.

In most aircraft installations the PT6 is mounted backwards in the nacelle, so that the intake side of the engine is facing the rear of the aircraft. This places the power section at the front of the nacelle, where it can drive the propeller directly without the need for a long shaft. Intake air is usually fed to the engine via an underside mounted duct, and the two exhaust outlets are directed rearward. This arrangement also aids maintenance by allowing the entire power section to be removed along with the propeller, exposing the gas-generator section.

Several other versions of the PT6 have appeared over time. The PT6A large added an additional power turbine stage and a deeper output reduction, producing almost twice the power output, between 1,090 and 1920 shp. The PT6B is a helicopter
Helicopter
A helicopter is a type of rotorcraft in which lift and thrust are supplied by one or more engine-driven rotors. This allows the helicopter to take off and land vertically, to hover, and to fly forwards, backwards, and laterally...

 turboshaft model, featuring an offset reduction gearbox with a freewheeling clutch and power turbine governor, producing 1000 hp at 4,500 rpm. The PT6C is a helicopter model, with a single side-mounted exhaust, producing 2000 hp at 30,000 rpm, which is stepped down in a user-supplied gearbox. The PT6T Twin-Pac
Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6T
-External links:* * * *...

consists of two PT6 engines driving a common output reduction gearbox, producing almost 4000 hp at 6,000 rpm. The ST6 is a version intended for stationary applications, originally developed for the UAC TurboTrain, and now widely used as auxiliary power unit
Auxiliary power unit
An auxiliary power unit is a device on a vehicle that provides energy for functions other than propulsion. They are commonly found on large aircraft, as well as some large land vehicles.-Function:...

s on large aircraft, as well as many other roles.

When de Havilland Canada
De Havilland Canada
The de Havilland Aircraft of Canada Ltd. company was an aircraft manufacturer with facilities based in what is now the Downsview area of Toronto, Ontario, Canada...

 asked for a much larger engine, roughly twice the power of the PT6 Large, P&WC responded with a new design initially known as the PT7. During development this was renamed to become the Pratt & Whitney Canada PW100
Pratt & Whitney Canada PW100
-External links:*...

.

PT6A

The PT6A is a free turbine providing 500 to 1,940 shaft horsepower
Horsepower
Horsepower is the name of several units of measurement of power. The most common definitions equal between 735.5 and 750 watts.Horsepower was originally defined to compare the output of steam engines with the power of draft horses in continuous operation. The unit was widely adopted to measure the...

 (433 to 1,447 kW).

PT6A-6
"Small" engine of 525 equivalent shaft horsepower (eshp) and 500 shaft horsepower (shp)

PT6A-11
"Small" engine of 528 eshp and 500 shp

PT6A-15AG
"Small" engine optimised for agricultural aircraft of 715 eshp and 680 shp

PT6A-20
"Small" engine of 579 eshp and 550 shp

PT6A-21
"Small" engine of 580 eshp and 550 shp

PT6A-25
"Small" engine of 580 eshp and 550 shp (-25, -25A) or 783 eshp and 750 shp (-25C)

PT6A-27
"Small" engine of 715 eshp and 680 shp

PT6A-28
"Small" engine of 715 eshp and 680 shp

PT6A-29
"Small" engine of 778 eshp and 750 shp

PT6A-34
"Small" engine of 783 eshp and 750 shp

PT6A-35
"Small" engine of 787 eshp and 750 shp

PT6A-36
"Small" engine of 783 eshp and 750 shp

PT6A-38
"Medium" engine of 801 eshp and 750 shp

PT6A-40
"Medium" engine of 749 eshp and 700 shp

PT6A-41
"Medium" engine of 903 eshp and 850 shp

PT6A-42
"Medium" engine of 903 eshp and 850 shp

PT6A-45
"Medium" engine of 1,070 eshp and 1,020 shp

PT6A-50
"Large" engine of 1,022 eshp and 973 shp

PT6A-52
"Large" engine of 898 eshp and 850 shp

PT6A-60
"Large" engine of 1,113 eshp and 1,050 shp (-60, -60A) or 1,081 ehsp and 1,020 shp (-60AG)

PT6A-61
"Large" engine of 902 eshp and 850 shp

PT6A-62
"Large" engine of 1,218 eshp and 950 shp

PT6A-64
"Large" engine of 747 eshp and 700 shp

PT6A-65
"Large" engine of 1,249 eshp and 1,173 shp (-65B, -65R) or 1,298 eshp and 1,220 shp (-65AG, -65AR)

PT6A-66
"Large" engine of 905 eshp and 850 shp (-66, -66A, -66D) or 1,010 eshp and 950 shp (-66B)

PT6A-67
"Large" engine of 1,272 eshp and 1,200 shp (-67, -67A, -67B, -67P), 1,285 eshp and 1,214 shp (-67D), 1,294 eshp and 1,220 shp (-67AF, -67AG, -67R, -67T), or 1,796 eshp and 1,700 shp (-67F)

PT6A-68
"Large" engine of 1,324 eshp and 1,250 shp

PT6A-110
"Small" engine of 502 eshp and 475 shp

PT6A-112
"Small" engine of 528 eshp and 500 shp

PT6A-114
"Small" engine of 632 eshp and 600 shp (-114) or 725 eshp and 675 shp (-114A)

PT6A-116
"Small" engine of 736 eshp and 700 shp

PT6A-121
"Small" engine of 647 eshp and 615 shp

PT6A-135
"Small" engine of 787 eshp and 750 shp

PT6B
The PT6B is a 981 horsepower (732 kW) engine designed for helicopters.

PT6C
The PT6C is a 1600 to 2300 horsepower (1190 to 1720 kW) engine for helicopters and tiltrotors.

PT6D
The PT6D-114A is based on the PT6A-114A. The main difference is the deletion of the second stage

reduction gearing and output shaft, as the engine is intended for integration with a combining gearbox incorporating power turbine governors and a propeller output shaft.
ST6
The ST6 is a variant of the PT6 that was originally developed as a powerplant for the UAC TurboTrain power cars, but later developed as a stationary power generator and auxiliary power unit
Auxiliary power unit
An auxiliary power unit is a device on a vehicle that provides energy for functions other than propulsion. They are commonly found on large aircraft, as well as some large land vehicles.-Function:...

.

ST6B
The ST6B-62 was a 550 bhp (410 kW) version of the PT6 developed for use in the STP-Paxton Turbocar
STP-Paxton Turbocar
The STP-Paxton Turbocar was a racing car, designed by Ken Wallis as the STP entry in the Indianapolis 500.- History :Wallis, a distant relative of famed British engineer Barnes Wallis, had developed a workable plan for harnessing a gas turbine to a race car. He first presented the idea to Dan...

, raced in the 1967 Indianapolis 500
Indianapolis 500
The Indianapolis 500-Mile Race, also known as the Indianapolis 500, the 500 Miles at Indianapolis, the Indy 500 or The 500, is an American automobile race, held annually, typically on the last weekend in May at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway in Speedway, Indiana...

.

STN 6/76
The STN 6/76 was a 500 bhp (370 kW) version of the PT6 developed for use in the Lotus 56
Lotus 56
The Lotus 56 was a racing car, designed by Maurice Philippe as Team Lotus' 1968 entry in the Indianapolis 500, replacing the successful Lotus 38. The Lotus 56 was not based on the STP-Paxton Turbocar that almost won in 1967, but was an entirely new and more advanced design...

, raced in the 1968 Indianapolis 500
Indianapolis 500
The Indianapolis 500-Mile Race, also known as the Indianapolis 500, the 500 Miles at Indianapolis, the Indy 500 or The 500, is an American automobile race, held annually, typically on the last weekend in May at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway in Speedway, Indiana...

 and later in Forumula One races, in 1971.

T74
United States military designation for the PT6A-20/27, used in the Beechcraft U-21.

T101
United States military designation for the T101-CP-100 / PT6A-45R, used in the Shorts 330
Shorts 330
|-See also:-Bibliography:* Barnes C.H. and James Derek N. Shorts Aircraft since 1900. London: Putnam, 1989. ISBN 0-85177-819-4.* Donald, David, ed. The Encyclopedia of Civil Aircraft. London: Aurum, 1999. ISBN 1-85410-642-2....

 and Shorts C-23 Sherpa.

PT6A

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    The Beechcraft Super King Air family is part of a line of twin-turboprop aircraft produced by the Beech Aircraft Corporation . The King Air line comprises a number of model series that fall into two families: the Model 90 series, Model 100 series , Model 200 series and Model 300 series...

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    Quest Aircraft Company is an American aircraft manufacturing company located in Sandpoint, Idaho. Quest was started in 2001 to design and provide aircraft suitable for domestic and international humanitarian applications.-History:...

  • Reims-Cessna F406 Caravan II
  • Saunders ST-27/ST-28
    Saunders ST-27
    |-References:NotesBibliography* Gerritsma, Joop. "The Saunders ST-27: A Prop-Jet Commuter Liner by Conversion." Canadian Aviation Historical Society – Journal, Vol. 35, No. 4, Winter 1997....

  • Scaled Composites ATTT
    Scaled Composites ATTT
    The Scaled Composites Model 133-4.62 ATTT, or Advanced Technology Tactical Transport was a technology demonstration project built by Burt Rutan's Scaled Composites in 1986 under contract to DARPA. The aircraft built was a 62% scaled version of a proposed tandem wing STOL transport...

  • Shorts 330
    Shorts 330
    |-See also:-Bibliography:* Barnes C.H. and James Derek N. Shorts Aircraft since 1900. London: Putnam, 1989. ISBN 0-85177-819-4.* Donald, David, ed. The Encyclopedia of Civil Aircraft. London: Aurum, 1999. ISBN 1-85410-642-2....

  • Shorts 360
    Shorts 360
    The Short 360 is a commuter aircraft built by Short Brothers. The Short 360 seats up to 36-39 passengers and was introduced into service in 1981. It is a larger version of the Short 330.-Development:...

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    C-23 Sherpa
    |-C-23B/C:-See also:-External links:*****...

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    Socata TBM
    |-See also:-References:* Jackson, Paul. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 2003–2004. Coulsdon, UK: Jane's Information Group, 2003. ISBN 0 7106 2537 5....

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    Spectrum SA-550
    -External links:**...

  • Swearingen SA26-T Merlin IIA
    Swearingen Merlin
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    TAI Hürkuş
    -External links:*...

  • US Aircraft A-67 Dragon


PT6B

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    AgustaWestland AW119
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    Aérospatiale Super Frelon
    The Aérospatiale SA 321 Super Frelon is a three-engined heavy transport helicopter produced by Aérospatiale of France. The helicopter is still in use in China where the locally produced version is known as the Z-8. "Frelon" is French for hornet....

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    Lockheed XH-51
    -See also:-References:NotesBibliography*Landis, Tony and Jenkins, Dennis R. Lockheed AH-56A Cheyenne - WarbirdTech Volume 27, Specialty Press, 2000. ISBN 1580070272.- External links :* * - All the World's Rotorcraft...

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    Sikorsky S-76
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    B
  • Westland Lynx 606
    Westland Lynx
    The Westland Lynx is a British multi-purpose military helicopter designed and built by Westland Helicopters at its factory in Yeovil. Originally intended as a utility craft for both civil and naval usage, military interest led to the development of both battlefield and naval variants...


PT6C

  • AgustaWestland AW139
    AgustaWestland AW139
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    Bell/Agusta BA609
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    Eurocopter EC175
    The Eurocopter EC175 is a 7-ton class medium utility helicopter being developed by Eurocopter and AVIC. Formally launched at Heli-Expo in Houston on 24 February 2008, the EC175 is due to be certified in 2011, with Eurocopter aiming to sell approximately 800 to 1,000 EC175s over 20...

    /Avicopter Z-15

Specifications

Name PT6A-11AG PT6A-50 !! PT6A-68C !! PT6B-36A !! PT6B-37A !! PT6C-67B !! PT6C-67C !! PT6C-67E !! PT6T-6B
Diameter 483 mm 483 mm 483 mm 825 × 495 mm 495 mm 584 mm 584 mm 584 mm 825 × 1105 mm
Length 1.58 m 1.73 m 1.83 m 1.5 m 1.63 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.67 m
Dry weight 193 kg 169 kg 172 kg
Power 550 kW (748 PS) 705 kW (958 PS) 1175 kW (1600 PS) 732 kW (995 PS) 747 kW (1015 PS) 895 kW (1217 PS) 1252 kW (1702 PS) 1324 kW (1800 PS) 1469 kW (2000 PS)
Specific fuel consumption 353 g/ekWh 0.581 lbs/shph 0.584 lbs/shph 0,602 lbs/shph

See also

External links

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
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