Pedro de Calasans
Encyclopedia
Pedro Luziense de Bittencourt Calasans (January 29, 1837 — February 24, 1874) was a Brazil
ian poet, playwright and journalist, adept of the "Ultra-Romanticism
" movement.
, in the Brazilian State of Sergipe
, to Lieutenant Colonel
João José de Bittencourt Calasans (who would be the governor of Sergipe during later life) and Luísa Carolina Amélia de Calasans. He initiated his studies at the Liceu São Cristóvão, finishing them in Recife
, Pernambuco
. With 16 years old, he published his first poetry book: Adeus!.
In 1855, he enters at the Faculdade de Direito do Recife, publishes another poetry book (Páginas Soltas) and starts to collaborate to some newspapers. Graduating in 1859, he returns to Sergipe, to the city of Estância
, where he marries a wealthy lady; however, they divorce some years later.
Moving to Rio de Janeiro
in 1861, he becomes a deputy from 1861 to 1864, dedicating himself solely to journalism
and advocacy
. In 1864, he travels to Europe
, where he writes more three books: Ofenísia (while in Brussels
), Uma Cena de Nossos Dias and Wiesbade (both while in Leipzig
).
Returning to Brazil in 1867, he becomes a judge in the city of Caçapava
, publishing more four books: A Campa e a Rosa (in which he translated many poems by Victor Hugo
), A Morte de Uma Virgem, Qual Delas? and A Rosa e o Sol. He becomes a provincial deputy in Rio Grande do Sul
, later transferring himself to Jeremoabo
(Bahia
) due to health problems.
His health problems eventually evolved into tuberculosis
, and, in unsuccessful attempts of mitigating the disease, Calasans travels to Ilhéus
(Bahia
), Serro
and Diamantina (both in Minas Gerais
). In a final attempt, Calasans embarks to Madeira
, but dies before arriving.
Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
ian poet, playwright and journalist, adept of the "Ultra-Romanticism
Ultra-romanticism
Ultra-Romanticism was a Portuguese and Brazilian literary movement that occurred during the 1840s, 1850s and the early 1860s. Aesthetically similar to the Dark Romanticism, as the name implies it is an overvalue of the Romantic ideals....
" movement.
Life
Calasans was born in the city of Santa Luzia do ItanhySanta Luzia do Itanhy
Santa Luzia do Itanhy is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Sergipe. Its population was 14,921 and its area is 330 km²....
, in the Brazilian State of Sergipe
Sergipe
Sergipe , is the smallest state of the Brazilian Federation, located on the northeastern Atlantic coast of the country. It borders on two other states, Bahia to the south and west and Alagoas to the north, and to the east is the Atlantic Ocean...
, to Lieutenant Colonel
Lieutenant colonel
Lieutenant colonel is a rank of commissioned officer in the armies and most marine forces and some air forces of the world, typically ranking above a major and below a colonel. The rank of lieutenant colonel is often shortened to simply "colonel" in conversation and in unofficial correspondence...
João José de Bittencourt Calasans (who would be the governor of Sergipe during later life) and Luísa Carolina Amélia de Calasans. He initiated his studies at the Liceu São Cristóvão, finishing them in Recife
Recife
Recife is the fifth-largest metropolitan area in Brazil with 4,136,506 inhabitants, the largest metropolitan area of the North/Northeast Regions, the 5th-largest metropolitan influence area in Brazil, and the capital and largest city of the state of Pernambuco. The population of the city proper...
, Pernambuco
Pernambuco
Pernambuco is a state of Brazil, located in the Northeast region of the country. To the north are the states of Paraíba and Ceará, to the west is Piauí, to the south are Alagoas and Bahia, and to the east is the Atlantic Ocean. There are about of beaches, some of the most beautiful in the...
. With 16 years old, he published his first poetry book: Adeus!.
In 1855, he enters at the Faculdade de Direito do Recife, publishes another poetry book (Páginas Soltas) and starts to collaborate to some newspapers. Graduating in 1859, he returns to Sergipe, to the city of Estância
Estância
Estância is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Sergipe. Its population was 62,218 and its area is 642 km². The city is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Estância....
, where he marries a wealthy lady; however, they divorce some years later.
Moving to Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro , commonly referred to simply as Rio, is the capital city of the State of Rio de Janeiro, the second largest city of Brazil, and the third largest metropolitan area and agglomeration in South America, boasting approximately 6.3 million people within the city proper, making it the 6th...
in 1861, he becomes a deputy from 1861 to 1864, dedicating himself solely to journalism
Journalism
Journalism is the practice of investigation and reporting of events, issues and trends to a broad audience in a timely fashion. Though there are many variations of journalism, the ideal is to inform the intended audience. Along with covering organizations and institutions such as government and...
and advocacy
Advocacy
Advocacy is a political process by an individual or a large group which normally aims to influence public-policy and resource allocation decisions within political, economic, and social systems and institutions; it may be motivated from moral, ethical or faith principles or simply to protect an...
. In 1864, he travels to Europe
Europe
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
, where he writes more three books: Ofenísia (while in Brussels
Brussels
Brussels , officially the Brussels Region or Brussels-Capital Region , is the capital of Belgium and the de facto capital of the European Union...
), Uma Cena de Nossos Dias and Wiesbade (both while in Leipzig
Leipzig
Leipzig Leipzig has always been a trade city, situated during the time of the Holy Roman Empire at the intersection of the Via Regia and Via Imperii, two important trade routes. At one time, Leipzig was one of the major European centres of learning and culture in fields such as music and publishing...
).
Returning to Brazil in 1867, he becomes a judge in the city of Caçapava
Caçapava
Caçapava is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population in 2004 was 81,298 and the area was 370.87 km². The elevation is 560 m. The city lies between Taubaté and São José dos Campos....
, publishing more four books: A Campa e a Rosa (in which he translated many poems by Victor Hugo
Victor Hugo
Victor-Marie Hugo was a Frenchpoet, playwright, novelist, essayist, visual artist, statesman, human rights activist and exponent of the Romantic movement in France....
), A Morte de Uma Virgem, Qual Delas? and A Rosa e o Sol. He becomes a provincial deputy in Rio Grande do Sul
Rio Grande do Sul
Rio Grande do Sul is the southernmost state in Brazil, and the state with the fifth highest Human Development Index in the country. In this state is located the southernmost city in the country, Chuí, on the border with Uruguay. In the region of Bento Gonçalves and Caxias do Sul, the largest wine...
, later transferring himself to Jeremoabo
Jeremoabo
Jeremoabo is a town and municipality in the state of Bahia in the North-East region of Brazil.-References:...
(Bahia
Bahia
Bahia is one of the 26 states of Brazil, and is located in the northeastern part of the country on the Atlantic coast. It is the fourth most populous Brazilian state after São Paulo, Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro, and the fifth-largest in size...
) due to health problems.
His health problems eventually evolved into tuberculosis
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis, MTB, or TB is a common, and in many cases lethal, infectious disease caused by various strains of mycobacteria, usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis usually attacks the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body...
, and, in unsuccessful attempts of mitigating the disease, Calasans travels to Ilhéus
Ilhéus
Ilhéus is a major city located in the southern coastal region of Bahia, Brazil, 430 km south of Salvador, the state's capital. The city was originally founded in 1534 as Vila de São Jorge dos Ilhéus and is known as one of the most important tourism centers of the northeast of Brazil.The...
(Bahia
Bahia
Bahia is one of the 26 states of Brazil, and is located in the northeastern part of the country on the Atlantic coast. It is the fourth most populous Brazilian state after São Paulo, Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro, and the fifth-largest in size...
), Serro
Serro
Serro is a Brazilian municipality located in the state of Minas Gerais. The city belongs to the Metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte and to the microregion of Conceição do Mato Dentro....
and Diamantina (both in Minas Gerais
Minas Gerais
Minas Gerais is one of the 26 states of Brazil, of which it is the second most populous, the third richest, and the fourth largest in area. Minas Gerais is the Brazilian state with the largest number of Presidents of Brazil, the current one, Dilma Rousseff, being one of them. The capital is the...
). In a final attempt, Calasans embarks to Madeira
Madeira
Madeira is a Portuguese archipelago that lies between and , just under 400 km north of Tenerife, Canary Islands, in the north Atlantic Ocean and an outermost region of the European Union...
, but dies before arriving.
Poetry
- Adeus! (18531853 in literatureThe year 1853 in literature involved some significant new books.-Events:*Charles Dickens writes Bleak House, the first English novel to feature a detective.*William Wells Brown becomes the first African American novelist to be published.-New books:...
) - Páginas Soltas (18551855 in literatureThe year 1855 in literature involved some significant new books.-Events:* July 4 - In Brooklyn, New York, Walt Whitman's first edition of his book of poems titled Leaves of Grass is published....
) - Últimas Páginas (18581858 in literatureThe year 1858 in literature involved some significant new books.-Events:*Henrik Ibsen marries and becomes creative director of Oslo's National Theater.*Charles Baudelaire's study on Théophile Gautier is published in Revue contemporaine....
) - Ofenísia (18641864 in literatureThe year 1864 in literature involved some significant new books.-Events:*Ambrose Bierce is wounded at the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain.*Charles Baudelaire leaves Paris for Belgium in the hope of resolving his financial difficulties....
) - Wiesbade (18641864 in literatureThe year 1864 in literature involved some significant new books.-Events:*Ambrose Bierce is wounded at the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain.*Charles Baudelaire leaves Paris for Belgium in the hope of resolving his financial difficulties....
) - A Morte de Uma Virgem (18671867 in literatureThe year 1867 in literature involved some significant new books.-Events:* Three new American periodicals for children — Oliver Optic's Magazine, Frank Leslie's Boys' and Girls' Weekly, and the Riverside Magazine for Young People — all begin publishing.-New books:*Mary Elizabeth Braddon...
) - A Rosa e o Sol (18671867 in literatureThe year 1867 in literature involved some significant new books.-Events:* Three new American periodicals for children — Oliver Optic's Magazine, Frank Leslie's Boys' and Girls' Weekly, and the Riverside Magazine for Young People — all begin publishing.-New books:*Mary Elizabeth Braddon...
) - Qual Delas? (18671867 in literatureThe year 1867 in literature involved some significant new books.-Events:* Three new American periodicals for children — Oliver Optic's Magazine, Frank Leslie's Boys' and Girls' Weekly, and the Riverside Magazine for Young People — all begin publishing.-New books:*Mary Elizabeth Braddon...
) - A Campa e a Rosa (18671867 in literatureThe year 1867 in literature involved some significant new books.-Events:* Three new American periodicals for children — Oliver Optic's Magazine, Frank Leslie's Boys' and Girls' Weekly, and the Riverside Magazine for Young People — all begin publishing.-New books:*Mary Elizabeth Braddon...
) - Brazilina (18701870 in literatureThe year 1870 in literature involved some significant new books.-New books:*Thomas Bailey Aldrich - The Story of a Bad Boy*Thomas Archer - The Terrible Sights of London*Rhoda Broughton - Red as a rose is she...
) - Camerino: Episódio da Guerra do Paraguai (18751875 in literatureThe year 1875 in literature involved some significant new books.-Events:*October 1 - American poet and short story writer Edgar Allan Poe is reburied in Westminster Hall and Burying Ground with a larger memorial marker. Some controversy arose years later as to whether the correct body was exhumed.*...
— posthumous) - As Flores de Laranjeira (18811881 in literatureThe year 1881 in literature involved some significant new books.-Events:* March 4 - A Study in Scarlet, the first Sherlock Holmes story, begins.* The first of the three-volume History of Woman Suffrage, was published by Susan B...
— posthumous) - Waterloo (19001900 in literatureThe year 1900 in literature involved some significant new books and publications, as well as the deaths of several highly prominent writers, including among them the late Irish poet Oscar Wilde and the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche....
— posthumous) - A Cascata de Paulafonso (19061906 in literatureThe year 1906 in literature involved some significant new books.-Events:* December 24 - Reginald Fessenden transmits the first radio program, a poetry reading, a violin solo, and a speech, broadcasts....
— posthumous)
Critics
- Traços Ligeiros Sobre o Casamento Civil (18591859 in literatureThe year 1859 in literature involved some significant new books.-Events:*George Eliot's novel Adam Bede is accused of being the "vile outpourings of a lewd woman's mind" in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and was consequently withdrawn from libraries.*30 April - Charles Dickens's...
) - A Demagogia Entre Nós (18611861 in literatureThe year 1861 in literature involved some significant new books.-Events:*October 20 - Poet and dramatist Apollo Korzeniowski is arrested for his political activities and placed in the infamous Tenth Pavilion of the Warsaw Citadel....
)