Outline of Svalbard
Encyclopedia
Svalbard
Svalbard is an archipelago in the Arctic, constituting the northernmost part of Norway. It is located north of mainland Europe, midway between mainland Norway and the North Pole. The group of islands range from 74° to 81° north latitude , and from 10° to 35° east longitude. Spitsbergen is the...
is an incorporated territory
Norway
Norway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of and a population of about 4.9 million...
of the Kingdom of Norway comprising the Svalbard Archipelago in the Arctic Ocean
Arctic Ocean
The Arctic Ocean, located in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Arctic north polar region, is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major oceanic divisions...
about midway between mainland Norway
Norway
Norway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of and a population of about 4.9 million...
and the North Pole
North Pole
The North Pole, also known as the Geographic North Pole or Terrestrial North Pole, is, subject to the caveats explained below, defined as the point in the northern hemisphere where the Earth's axis of rotation meets its surface...
. The archipelago extends from 74°
Degree (angle)
A degree , usually denoted by ° , is a measurement of plane angle, representing 1⁄360 of a full rotation; one degree is equivalent to π/180 radians...
to 81° North, and from 10° to 35° East. The archipelago is the northernmost part of Norway. Three islands are populated: Spitsbergen
Spitsbergen
Spitsbergen is the largest and only permanently populated island of the Svalbard archipelago in Norway. Constituting the western-most bulk of the archipelago, it borders the Arctic Ocean, the Norwegian Sea and the Greenland Sea...
, Bear Island and Hopen
Hopen
Hopen is an island in the southeastern part of the Svalbard archipelago . Hopen was discovered in 1613, probably by Thomas Marmaduke of Hull, who named it after his former command, the Hopewell....
. The capital and largest settlement is Longyearbyen
Longyearbyen
Longyearbyen is the largest settlement and the administrative centre of Svalbard, Norway. It is located on the western coast of Spitsbergen, the largest island of the Svalbard archipelago, on the southern side on Adventfjorden , which continues inland with Adventdalen...
on Spitsbergen
Spitsbergen
Spitsbergen is the largest and only permanently populated island of the Svalbard archipelago in Norway. Constituting the western-most bulk of the archipelago, it borders the Arctic Ocean, the Norwegian Sea and the Greenland Sea...
. The Spitsbergen Treaty recognises Norwegian sovereignty
Sovereignty
Sovereignty is the quality of having supreme, independent authority over a geographic area, such as a territory. It can be found in a power to rule and make law that rests on a political fact for which no purely legal explanation can be provided...
over Svalbard and the 1925 Svalbard Act makes Svalbard a full part of the Norwegian Kingdom.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Svalbard:
General reference
- PronunciationInternational Phonetic AlphabetThe International Phonetic Alphabet "The acronym 'IPA' strictly refers [...] to the 'International Phonetic Association'. But it is now such a common practice to use the acronym also to refer to the alphabet itself that resistance seems pedantic...
: - Common English country name: SvalbardSvalbardSvalbard is an archipelago in the Arctic, constituting the northernmost part of Norway. It is located north of mainland Europe, midway between mainland Norway and the North Pole. The group of islands range from 74° to 81° north latitude , and from 10° to 35° east longitude. Spitsbergen is the...
- Official English country name: SvalbardSvalbardSvalbard is an archipelago in the Arctic, constituting the northernmost part of Norway. It is located north of mainland Europe, midway between mainland Norway and the North Pole. The group of islands range from 74° to 81° north latitude , and from 10° to 35° east longitude. Spitsbergen is the...
of the Kingdom of Norway - Common endonym(s):
- Official endonym(s):
- Adjectival(s):
- Demonym(s):
- EtymologyEtymologyEtymology is the study of the history of words, their origins, and how their form and meaning have changed over time.For languages with a long written history, etymologists make use of texts in these languages and texts about the languages to gather knowledge about how words were used during...
: Name of Svalbard - ISO country codes for SvalbardSvalbardSvalbard is an archipelago in the Arctic, constituting the northernmost part of Norway. It is located north of mainland Europe, midway between mainland Norway and the North Pole. The group of islands range from 74° to 81° north latitude , and from 10° to 35° east longitude. Spitsbergen is the...
and Jan MayenJan MayenJan Mayen Island is a volcanic island in the Arctic Ocean and part of the Kingdom of Norway. It is long and 373 km2 in area, partly covered by glaciers . It has two parts: larger northeast Nord-Jan and smaller Sør-Jan, linked by an isthmus wide...
: SJ, SJM, 745 - ISO region codes for SvalbardSvalbardSvalbard is an archipelago in the Arctic, constituting the northernmost part of Norway. It is located north of mainland Europe, midway between mainland Norway and the North Pole. The group of islands range from 74° to 81° north latitude , and from 10° to 35° east longitude. Spitsbergen is the...
and Jan MayenJan MayenJan Mayen Island is a volcanic island in the Arctic Ocean and part of the Kingdom of Norway. It is long and 373 km2 in area, partly covered by glaciers . It has two parts: larger northeast Nord-Jan and smaller Sør-Jan, linked by an isthmus wide...
: See ISO 3166-2:SJISO 3166-2:SJISO 3166-2:SJ is the entry for Svalbard and Jan Mayen in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization , which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.Currently no ISO 3166-2 codes... - InternetInternetThe Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite to serve billions of users worldwide...
country code top-level domainCountry code top-level domainA country code top-level domain is an Internet top-level domain generally used or reserved for a country, a sovereign state, or a dependent territory....
for NorwayNorwayNorway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of and a population of about 4.9 million...
: .no.no.no is the Internet country code top-level domain for Norway. Registrations are processed via accredited registrars and internationalized domain names may also be registered ....
Geography of Svalbard
- Svalbard is: an archipelagoArchipelagoAn archipelago , sometimes called an island group, is a chain or cluster of islands. The word archipelago is derived from the Greek ἄρχι- – arkhi- and πέλαγος – pélagos through the Italian arcipelago...
and area of limited sovereignty of NorwayNorwayNorway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of and a population of about 4.9 million... - Location:
- Northern HemisphereNorthern HemisphereThe Northern Hemisphere is the half of a planet that is north of its equator—the word hemisphere literally means “half sphere”. It is also that half of the celestial sphere north of the celestial equator...
and Western HemisphereWestern HemisphereThe Western Hemisphere or western hemisphere is mainly used as a geographical term for the half of the Earth that lies west of the Prime Meridian and east of the Antimeridian , the other half being called the Eastern Hemisphere.In this sense, the western hemisphere consists of the western portions...
- EuropeEuropeEurope is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
- Northern EuropeNorthern EuropeNorthern Europe is the northern part or region of Europe. Northern Europe typically refers to the seven countries in the northern part of the European subcontinent which includes Denmark, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Finland and Sweden...
- Northern Europe
- Europe
- Arctic OceanArctic OceanThe Arctic Ocean, located in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Arctic north polar region, is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major oceanic divisions...
- Time zoneTime zoneA time zone is a region on Earth that has a uniform standard time for legal, commercial, and social purposes. In order for the same clock time to always correspond to the same portion of the day as the Earth rotates , different places on the Earth need to have different clock times...
: Central European TimeCentral European TimeCentral European Time , used in most parts of the European Union, is a standard time that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time . The time offset from UTC can be written as +01:00...
(UTC+01), Central European Summer TimeCentral European Summer TimeCentral European Summer Time is one of the names of the Daylight saving time offset using the UTC offset of UTC+02:00, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. It is used as a summer daylight saving time in most European countries. During the winter, Central European Time is used...
(UTC+02) - Extreme points of Svalbard
- High: NewtontoppenNewtontoppenNewtontoppen is the largest and highest mountain in Svalbard, at 1713 m. Its peak is the highest point on Svalbard. It is located at the north east corner on the island of Spitsbergen. The mountain is mostly made of Silurian and granite....
1717 m (5,633 ft) - Low: Arctic OceanArctic OceanThe Arctic Ocean, located in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Arctic north polar region, is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major oceanic divisions...
0 m
- High: Newtontoppen
- Land boundaries: none
- Coastline: 3,587 km
- Northern Hemisphere
- Population of Svalbard:
- Area of Svalbard: 61,022 km2
- Atlas of Svalbard
Environment of Svalbard
- Climate of SvalbardClimate of SvalbardThe climate of Svalbard is principally a result of its latitude, which is between 74° and 81° north. Average July temperatures range from , and in January temperatures are normally between . The North Atlantic Current moderates Svalbard's temperatures, particularly during winter, giving it up to ...
- Wildlife of Svalbard
- Flora of SvalbardFlora of SvalbardThere are 164 vascular plant species on the Norwegian Arctic archipelago of Svalbard. This figure does not include algae, mosses, and lichens, which are non-vascular plants. For an island so far north, 164 species constitutes an astonishing variety of plant life. Because of the harsh climate and...
- Flora of Svalbard
- World Heritage Sites in Svalbard: None
Government and politics of Svalbard
- Main article: Government of Svalbard and Politics of SvalbardPolitics of SvalbardThe Spitsbergen Treaty recognises Norwegian sovereignty over Svalbard. However, there are restrictions to Norway's rule in Svalbard as explained below in the Spitsbergen Treaty.-Spitsbergen Treaty:...
- Form of governmentForm of governmentA form of government, or form of state governance, refers to the set of political institutions by which a government of a state is organized. Synonyms include "regime type" and "system of government".-Empirical and conceptual problems:...
: - Capital of Svalbard: Longyearbyen
- Elections in Svalbard
- (specific elections)
- Political parties in Svalbard
- Political scandals of Svalbard
- Taxation in Svalbard
Executive branch of the government of Svalbard
- Head of stateHead of StateA head of state is the individual that serves as the chief public representative of a monarchy, republic, federation, commonwealth or other kind of state. His or her role generally includes legitimizing the state and exercising the political powers, functions, and duties granted to the head of...
: President of Svalbard, - Head of governmentHead of governmentHead of government is the chief officer of the executive branch of a government, often presiding over a cabinet. In a parliamentary system, the head of government is often styled prime minister, chief minister, premier, etc...
: Prime Minister of Svalbard, - Cabinet of Svalbard
Legislative branch of the government of Svalbard
- Parliament of Svalbard (bicameral)
- Upper houseUpper houseAn upper house, often called a senate, is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the lower house; a legislature composed of only one house is described as unicameral.- Possible specific characteristics :...
: Senate of Svalbard - Lower houseLower houseA lower house is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the upper house.Despite its official position "below" the upper house, in many legislatures worldwide the lower house has come to wield more power...
: House of Commons of Svalbard
- Upper house
Judicial branch of the government of Svalbard
- Supreme Court of Svalbard
Foreign relations of Svalbard
- Diplomatic missions in Svalbard
- Diplomatic missions of Svalbard
Law and order in Svalbard
- Capital punishment in Svalbard
- Constitution of Svalbard
- Crime in Svalbard
- Human rights in Svalbard
- LGBT rights in Svalbard
- Freedom of religion in Svalbard
- Law enforcement in Svalbard
History of Svalbard
- Main article: History of SvalbardHistory of SvalbardVikings may have discovered Svalbard as early as the 12th century. Traditional Norse accounts exist of a land known as Svalbarði – literally "cold edge"...
, Timeline of the history of Svalbard, and Current events of Svalbard
- Economic history of Svalbard
- Military history of Svalbard
Culture of Svalbard
- Cuisine of Svalbard
- Languages of SvalbardLanguages of SvalbardSvalbard has a population of approximately 2,400 people as of 2005. Approximately 70% of the people are Norwegian; the remaining 30% are Russian and Ukrainian. The official language of Svalbard is Norwegian...
- National symbols of Svalbard
- Coat of arms of Svalbard
- Flag of Svalbard
- World Heritage Sites in Svalbard: None
Economy and infrastructure of Svalbard
- Agriculture in Svalbard
- Banking in Svalbard
- National Bank of Svalbard
- Communications in Svalbard
- Internet in Svalbard
- Companies of Svalbard
- Currency of SvalbardCurrencyIn economics, currency refers to a generally accepted medium of exchange. These are usually the coins and banknotes of a particular government, which comprise the physical aspects of a nation's money supply...
: KroneNorwegian kroneThe krone is the currency of Norway and its dependent territories. The plural form is kroner . It is subdivided into 100 øre. The ISO 4217 code is NOK, although the common local abbreviation is kr. The name translates into English as "crown"...
- ISO 4217ISO 4217ISO 4217 is a standard published by the International Standards Organization, which delineates currency designators, country codes , and references to minor units in three tables:* Table A.1 – Current currency & funds code list...
: NOKNOKNOK or Nok may refer to:*Kiel Canal *Norwegian krone, NOK is the ISO 4217 code and is used as an abbreviation for the currency.*NYSE stock ticker for Nokia Corporation, based in Finland...
- ISO 4217
- Economic history of Svalbard
- Energy in Svalbard
- Energy policy of Svalbard
- Oil industry in Svalbard
- Mining in Svalbard
- Tourism in Svalbard
- Transport in SvalbardTransport in SvalbardSvalbard, Norway, is a vast, very sparsely inhabited Arctic archipelago. With fewer than 3,000 inhabitants in four communities, plus some smaller meteorological and scientific outposts, there are no communities connected by road. Off-road motorized transport is prohibited on bare ground, but...
- Svalbard Stock Exchange
Infrastructure of Svalbard
- Transportation in Svalbard
See also
- Index of Svalbard-related articles
- List of international rankings
- List of Svalbard-related topics
- Outline of Europe
- Outline of geographyOutline of geographyThe following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to geography:Geography – science that studies the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of Earth.- Geography is :...
- Outline of NorwayOutline of NorwayThe Kingdom of Norway is a sovereign constitutional monarchy principally located in western Scandinavia of Northern Europe. Norway is bordered by Sweden, Finland, and Russia, while the United Kingdom and the Faroe Islands lie to its west across the North Sea...
External links
- Governor of Svalbard (Sysselmannen) – Official site
- Norwegian Polar Institute: Svalbard.
- Norwegian Polar Institute Place Names of Svalbard Database (searchable database with name origins and map)
- Norwegian Ministry of Justice and the Police: Report to the Storting (1999–2000) on Svalbard – extensive report on political, administrative, economical and scientific matters relating to Svalbard
- Svalbard Science Forum SSF - Information for and about research in Svalbard
- Polar Marine Geosurvey: http://www.pmge.ru/modules.php?name=Contenteng&pa=showpage&pid=3
- A Geographical-Historical Outline of Svalbard
- Outline of the Physical Geography and Geology of Svalbard by Ólafur Ingólfsson
- Svalbard on the CIA World Factbook
- The Svalbard Pages
- Photos from Svalbard
- http://www.stat.fi/tup/maanum/01_maantieteellisia_tietoja_aihepiireittain.xls) List of glaciers with areas]