Odontoglossum, first named in 1816 by Karl Sigismund Kunth, is a
genusIn biology, a genus is a taxonomic unit used in the classification of living and fossil organisms. The term comes from Latin genus "descent, family, type, gender" , cognate with – genos, "race, stock, kin" ..In addition, genus is a taxonomic rank in the hierarchy In biology, a genus (plural:...
of about 100 orchids. The scientific name is derived from the Greek words
odon (tooth) and
glossa (tongue), referring to the two tooth-like calluses on the base of the
lipThe labellum is part of an Orchid, Canna or other less known flower that serves to attract insects that pollinate the flower, and acts as a landing platform for those insects....
. This genus of cool to cold growing orchids is to be found on open spots in the humid cloud forest at higher elevations from Central- and West South America to
GuyanaGuyana officially the Co-operative Republic of Guyana and previously known as British Guiana, is a state on the northern coast of South America that is culturally part of the Anglophone Caribbean.Guyana was discovered in 1498 by the Europeans,Guyana's past is punctuated by battles fought and won,...
, with most species around the northern
AndesThe Andes are the world's longest exposed mountain range. They lie as a continuous chain of highland along the western coast of South America...
.
Odontoglossum, first named in 1816 by Karl Sigismund Kunth, is a
genusIn biology, a genus is a taxonomic unit used in the classification of living and fossil organisms. The term comes from Latin genus "descent, family, type, gender" , cognate with – genos, "race, stock, kin" ..In addition, genus is a taxonomic rank in the hierarchy In biology, a genus (plural:...
of about 100 orchids. The scientific name is derived from the Greek words
odon (tooth) and
glossa (tongue), referring to the two tooth-like calluses on the base of the
lipThe labellum is part of an Orchid, Canna or other less known flower that serves to attract insects that pollinate the flower, and acts as a landing platform for those insects....
. This genus of cool to cold growing orchids is to be found on open spots in the humid cloud forest at higher elevations from Central- and West South America to
GuyanaGuyana officially the Co-operative Republic of Guyana and previously known as British Guiana, is a state on the northern coast of South America that is culturally part of the Anglophone Caribbean.Guyana was discovered in 1498 by the Europeans,Guyana's past is punctuated by battles fought and won,...
, with most species around the northern
AndesThe Andes are the world's longest exposed mountain range. They lie as a continuous chain of highland along the western coast of South America...
. The abbreviation for this genus is
Odm. in the horticultural trade.
Most are sympodial
epiphyteAn epiphyte is:Epiphyte is one of the subdivisions of the Raunkiær system. The term most commonly refers to higher plants, but epiphytic bacteria, fungi , algae, lichens, mosses, and ferns exist as well. The term epiphytic derives from the Greek epi- and phyton...
s, or rarely terrestrials.
The pseudobulbs are compact with leaf-like bracts at the base. They give one to three apical
leavesIn botany, a leaf is an above-ground plant organ specialized for photosynthesis. For this purpose, a leaf is typically flat and thin. There is continued debate about whether the flatness of leaves evolved to expose the chloroplasts to more light or to increase the absorption of carbon dioxide. In...
. An arching (and sometimes erect) inflorescence grows from its base. The ruffled
sepalA sepal is a part of the flower of angiosperms . Sepals in most flowers are green and lie under the more conspicuous petals. As a collective unit the sepals form a calyx, whereas the collection of petals is called the corolla...
s and
petalA petal is one member or part of the corolla of a flower. The corolla is the name for all of the petals of a flower; the inner perianth whorl, term used when this is not the same in appearance as the outermost whorl and is used to attract pollinators based on its bright color...
s of these spectacular
flowerA flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants . The biological function of a flower is to mediate the union of male sperm with female ovum in order to produce seeds...
s are spreading. The
lipThe labellum is part of an Orchid, Canna or other less known flower that serves to attract insects that pollinate the flower, and acts as a landing platform for those insects....
is rather complex, entire or with three lobes. It stands erect or parallel to the long
columnA column in structural engineering is a vertical structural element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural elements below. For the purpose of wind or earthquake engineering, columns may be designed to resist lateral forces. Other compression...
. The high altitude species show long inflorescences with up to 150 flowers (as in
O. cirrhosum), while the lower altitude species have shorter inflorescences with up to 20 flowers. These flowers may be white, red, purple, brown, yellow, or even be blotched with a showy blend of many colors.
Many of these species are in great demand with orchid lovers because of their spectacular and flamboyant flowers.
Species
This genus used to contain more than 400 species. many have now been reclassified in other genera such as
Amparoa,
AspasiaAspasia was a Milesian woman who was famous for her involvement with the Athenian statesman Pericles. Very little is known about the details of her life. She spent most of her adult life in Athens, and she may have influenced Pericles and Athenian politics...
,
CochliodaCochlioda, abbreviated Cda. in the horticultural trade, is a genus of orchids. It consists of more than 10 species, native to Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia....
,
Cuitlauzina,
Cyrtochilum,
Gomesa,
Lemboglossum,
Mesoglossum,
MiltoniaMiltonia, abbreviated Milt. in the horticultural trade, is an orchid genus formed by nine epiphyte species and eight natural hybrids inhabitants of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, one species reaching the northeast of Argentina and east of Paraguay. This genus was established by John Lindley in...
,
Miltonioides,
Oliveriana,
OncidiumOncidium, abbreviated as Onc. in the horticultural trade, is a genus that contains about 330 species of orchids from the subtribe Oncidiinae of the orchid family . This is a complex, difficult genus, with many species being reclassified...
,
Osmoglossum,
Otoglossum,
Rhynchostele,
Rossioglossum and
Ticoglossum . This new genera occurred outside the Andes in different climatological habitats.
The following list gives the presently accepted names. There are six subgenera :
Erectolobata,
Lindleyana,
Nevadensia,
Odontoglossum,
Serratolaminata and
Unguisepala.
- Odontoglossum alberti P.Ortiz 2005 (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum alvarezii P.Ortiz 2001 (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum ariasii Dalström 2001 (Peru)
- Odontoglossum armatum Rchb.f. 1876 : Armed Odontoglossum (Ecuador)
- Odontoglossum aspidorhinum F.Lehm. 1895 : Shield-leather Odontoglossum (Colombia to Ecuador)
- Odontoglossum astranthum Linden & Rchb.f. 1867 (Ecuador to Peru)
- Odontoglossum aurarium (Rchb.f.) Garay, 1970 (Bolivia)
- Odontoglossum auriculatum Rolfe 1892 (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum blandum
Odontoglossum blandum, the Charming Odontoglossum, is a species of orchid found from Ecuador to Peru.-External links:*...
Rchb.f. 1870 : Charming Odontoglossum (Ecuador to Peru)
- Odontoglossum boddaertianum Rchb.f. 1888 (Venezuela)
- Odontoglossum callacallaense D.E.Benn. & Christenson 2001 (Peru)
- Odontoglossum cirrhosum
Odontoglossum cirrhosum, the Wavy Odontoglossum, is a species of orchid found from Colombia to Ecuador.-External links:*...
Lindl. 1833 : Wavy Odontoglossum (Colombia to Ecuador)(sometimes terrestrial)
- Odontoglossum constrictum
Odontoglossum constrictum, the Constricted Odontoglossum, is a species of orchid found from Colombia to northern Venezuela.-External links:*...
Lindl. 1843 : Constricted Odontoglossum (Venezuela)
- Odontoglossum contaypacchaense D.E.Benn. & Christenson, 2001 (Peru)
- Odontoglossum crinitum Rchb.f. 1874 : Hairy Odontoglossum (Colombia to Ecuador)
- Odontoglossum crispum
Odontoglossum crispum is an epiphytic orchid from the genus Odontoglossum. It is considered by many to be the most beautiful orchid of all but is also one of the most difficult to grow.-Description:O...
Lindl. 1845 : Curled Odontoglossum (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum cristatellum Rchb.f. 1878 (Colombia to Ecuador)
- Odontoglossum cristatellum subsp. cristatellum (Colombia to Ecuador)
- Odontoglossum cristatellum subsp. lehmannii Rchb.f. Bockemühl 1989 (Colombia to Ecuador)
- Odontoglossum cristatum Lindl. in G.Bentham 1845 : Comb-Like Odontoglossum (Ecuador to Peru) (occasionally terrestrial)
- Odontoglossum crocidipterum
Odontoglossum crocidipterum, the Saffron-yellow Two-winged Odontoglossum, is a species of orchid found from Colombia to northwestern Venezuela.-External links:*...
Rchb.f., 1871 : Saffron-yellow Two-winged Odontoglossum (Colombia to Venezuela)
- Odontoglossum crocidipterum subsp. crocidipterum (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum crocidipterum subsp. dormanianum (Rchb.f.) Bockemühl 1989 (Venezuela)
- Odontoglossum cruentum
Odontoglossum cruentum, the Blood-red Odontoglossum, is a species of orchid found from Ecuador to Peru.-External links:*...
Rchb.f., 1873 : Blood-red Odontoglossum (Ecuador to Peru)
- Odontoglossum depauperatum Kraenzl. 1906 (Peru)
- Odontoglossum digitatum C.Schweinf. 1945 : Fingered Odontoglossum (Peru)
- Odontoglossum dormanianum Rchb.f., 1884 (Colombia to Venezuela)
- Odontoglossum dracoceps Dalström 1999 (Bolivia)
- Odontoglossum epidendroides Kunth in F.W.H.von Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & C.S.Kunth 1816 : Epidendrum-like Odontoglossum (Ecuador to Peru)
- Odontoglossum gloriosum
Odontoglossum gloriosum, the Glorious Odontoglossum, is a species of orchid endemic to Colombia.-External links:*...
Linden & Rchb.f. 1854 : Glorious Odontoglossum (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum gramazuense D.E.Benn. & Christenson, 2001 (Peru)
- Odontoglossum hallii
Odontoglossum hallii, the Hall's Odontoglossum, is a species of orchid found from Colombia to Ecuador.-External links:*...
Lindl. 1837 : Hall's Odontoglossum (Colombia to Ecuador) (occasionally terrestrial)
- Odontoglossum harryanum Rchb.f., 1886 : Harry's Odontoglossum (Ecuador to Peru) (after Harry Veitch
Sir Harry James Veitch was an eminent English horticulturist in the nineteenth century, who was the head of the family nursery business, James Veitch & Sons, based in Chelsea, London...
)
- Odontoglossum hauensteinii Königer 1994 (Bolivia)
- Odontoglossum helgae Königer 1997 (Ecuador)
- Odontoglossum heterosepalum (Rchb.f.) Garay, 1978 (Venezuela)
- Odontoglossum hrubyanum Rchb.f. 1888 (Peru)
- Odontoglossum juninense Schltr. 1921 : Junin Odontoglossum (Ecuador to Peru)
- Odontoglossum kegeljani E.Morren
Charles Jacques Édouard Morren , was a Belgian botanist, professor of botany and director of the Jardin botanique de l'Université de Liège from 1857-1886. His special field of study was the Bromeliaceae on which family he was the recognised authority...
, 1877 : Kegel's Odontoglossum (Ecuador to Peru)
- Odontoglossum krameri Rchb.f. 1868 (Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama)
- Odontoglossum lindleyanum
Odontoglossum lindleyanum, the Lindley's Odontoglossum, is a species of orchid found from northwestern Venezuela to Ecuador.-External links:*...
Rchb.f. & Warsz. 1854 : Lindley's Odontoglossum (Venezuela to Ecuador)
- Odontoglossum llanachagaense D.E.Benn. & Christenson 2001 (Peru)
- Odontoglossum lucianum Rchb.f. 1886 : Lucien's Odontoglossum (Venezuela)
- Odontoglossum luteopurpureum
Odontoglossum luteopurpureum is a species of orchid endemic to Colombia.-External links:*...
Lindl. 1846 (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum machupicchuense D.E.Benn. & Christenson 2001 (Peru)
- Odontoglossum mapiriense Mansf. 1934 (Bolivia)
- Odontoglossum micklowii Dalström 1993 (Bolivia)
- Odontoglossum mirandum Rchb.f. 1882 : Grand Odontoglossum (Colombia to Ecuador)
- Odontoglossum multistellare Rchb.f. 1876 : Many-starred Odontoglossum (Peru)
- Odontoglossum naevium
Odontoglossum naevium, the Spotted Odontoglossum, is a species of orchid found from Colombia to Guyana.-External links:*...
Lindl. 1850 : Spotted Odontoglossum (Colombia to Guyana)
- Odontoglossum nevadense Rchb.f. 1870 : The High Mountain Odontoglossum (Colombia to Venezuela)
- Odontoglossum nobile
Odontoglossum nobile, the Grand Odontoglossum, is a species of orchid endemic to Colombia.-Synonyms:*Odontoglossum pescatorei Linden ex Lindl.*Oncidium pescatorei Beer...
Rchb.f. 1850 : Grand Odontoglossum (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum odoratum
Odontoglossum odoratum, the Fragrant Odontoglossum, is a species of orchid ranging from Colombia to northern and northwestern Venezuela.-External links:*...
Lindl., 1846 : Fragrant Odontoglossum (Colombia to Venezuela)
- Odontoglossum platynaris Dalström 2001 (Peru)
- Odontoglossum portillae Bockemühl 1985 (Ecuador)
- Odontoglossum portmannii Bockemühl, 1988 (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru)
- Odontoglossum portmannii subsp. cohrsiae Bockemühl 1988 (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum portmannii subsp. portmannii (Ecuador to Peru)
- Odontoglossum povedanum P.Ortiz 1997 (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum praenitens
Odontoglossum praenitens is a species of orchid endemic to Colombia.-External links:*...
Rchb.f. 1875 (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum praestans
Odontoglossum praestans is a species of orchid native to western South America.-External links:*...
Rchb.f. & Warsz., 1854 (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru)
- Odontoglossum pseudomelanthes D.E.Benn. & Christenson, 2001 (Peru)
- Odontoglossum reversum Bockemühl 1986 (Colombia to Ecuador)
- Odontoglossum rhynchanthum Rchb.f. 1887 : Beak-flowered Odontoglossum (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum rubrocallosum D.E.Benn. & Christenson, 2001 (Peru)
- Odontoglossum sanderianum Rchb.f., 1881 (Colombia to Venezuela)
- Odontoglossum sceptrum Rchb.f. & Warsz. 1854 (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum sceptrum var. facetum (Rchb.f.) Bockemühl, 1989 (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum sceptrum var. sceptrum (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum schillerianum
Odontoglossum schillerianum is a species of orchid endemic to northwestern Venezuela.-External links:*...
Rchb.f. 1854 (Venezuela)
- Odontoglossum spectatissimum
Odontoglossum spectatissimum is a species of orchid ranging from northwestern Venezuela to Ecuador.-External links:*...
Lindl. 1852 (Venezuela to Ecuador)
- Odontoglossum subuligerum Rchb.f. 1876 (Peru)
- Odontoglossum tenue
Odontoglossum tenue, the Delicate Odontoglossum, is a species of orchid ranging from southern Ecuador to northwestern Peru.-External links:*...
Cogn. 1895 : Delicate Odontoglossum (Ecuador to Peru)
- Odontoglossum tenuifolium Dalström 1996 : Delicate-leafed Odontoglossum(Bolivia)
- Odontoglossum tripudians
Odontoglossum tripudians is a species of orchid endemic to Colombia.-External links:*...
Rchb.f. & Warsz. 1854 (Colombia) (occasionally terrestrial)
- Odontoglossum velleum Rchb.f., 1874 (Ecuador to Peru)
- Odontoglossum vierlingii Senghas 2000 (Bolivia)
- Odontoglossum wallisii Linden & Rchb.f., 1870 (Colombia to Venezuela)
- Odontoglossum wyattianum Gurney Wilson 1928 : Wyatt's Odontoglossum (Peru)
Natural hybrids
- Odontoglossum × acuminatissimum Rchb.f. 1882 (O. cristatum × O. lindleyanum) (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum × adrianae L.Linden 1879 (O. nobile × O. luteopurpureum) (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum × andersonianum Rchb.f. 1868 (O. crispum × O. gloriosum) (Colombia to Venezuela)
- Odontoglossum × brandtii Kraenzl. & Wittm., G 1889 (O. cirrhosum × O. nobile) (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum × cookianum Rolfe, 1891 (O. sanderianum × O. spectatissimum) (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum × coradinei Rchb.f. 1872 (O. crispum × O. lindleyanum) (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum × dicranophorum Rchb.f., 1888 (O. lindleyanum × O. spectatissimum) (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum × elegans Rchb.f. 1879 (O. cirrhosum × O. cristatum) (Ecuador)
- Odontoglossum × excellens Rchb.f. 1881 (O. nobile × O. spectatissimum) (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum × godseffianum Rolfe, 1894 (O. auriculatum × O. spectatissimum) (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum × hennisii Rolfe, 1894 (O. kegeljani × O. tenue) (Peru)
- Odontoglossum × hinnus Rchb.f., 1870 (O. hallii × O. cirrhosum) (Ecuador)
- Odontoglossum × kraenzlinii O'Brien, 1893 (O. naevium × O. schillerianum) (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum × leeanum Rchb.f. 1882 (O. crocodipterum × O. schillerianum) (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum × limbatum Rchb.f. 1870 (O. nobile × O. lindleyanum) (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum × marriottianum Rchb.f. 1881 (O. crispum × O. hallii) (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum × mulus Rchb.f., 1870 (O. luteopurpureum × O. gloriosum) (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum × murrellianum Rchb.f. 1875 (O. naevium × O. nobile) (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum × schroederianum Rchb.f. 1882 (O. nobile × O. tripudians) (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum × stellimicans Rchb.f. 1884 (O. lindleyanum × O. tripudians) (Colombia)
- Odontoglossum × wilckeanum Rchb.f. 1880 (O. crispum × O. luteopurpureum) (Colombia to Venezuela)
Intergeneric hybrids
Odontoglossum lends itself to the production of many artifcial intergeneric hybrids. The hybrids with red pigmentation are nearly all derived from a crossing with the genus
Cochlioda and especially with
Cochlioda noezliana :
- xAdaglossum : Ada x Odontoglossum
- xAlexanderara : Brassia x Cochlioda x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
- xAndreettara J.M.H.Shaw : Cochlioda x Miltonia x Odontoglossum
- xAspodonia : Aspasia x Miltonia x Odontoglossum
- xBakerara : Brassia x Miltonia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
- xBaldwinara : Aspasia x Cochlioda x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
- xBanfieldara : Ada x Brassia x Odontoglossum
- xBarbosaara : Cochlioda x Gomesa x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
- xBaumannara : Comparettia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
- xBeallara : Brassia x Cochlioda x Miltonia x Odontoglossum
- xBiltonara : Ada x Cochlioda x Miltonia x Odontoglossum
- xBlackara : Aspasia x Cochlioda x Miltonia x Odontoglossum
- xBrassia R. Br. 1813 Cochlioda Lindl. 1853 × Miltonia Lindl. 1837 × Odontoglossum Kunth 1816
- xBrillandeara : Aspasia x Brassia x Cochlioda x Miltonia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
- xBrummittara : Comparettia x Odontoglossum x Rodriguezia
- xBurkhardtara : Leochilus x Odontoglossum x Oncidium x Rodriguezia
- xBurrageara : Cochlioda x Miltonia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
- xCambria : Brassia x Cochlioda x Miltonia x Oncidium x Odontoglossum
- xCampbellara : Odontoglossum x Oncidium x Rodriguezia
- xCarpenterara : Baptistonia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
- xColmanara : Miltonia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
- xDegarmoara : Brassia x Miltonia x Odontoglossum
- xDerosaara : Odontoglossum x Miltonia x Aspasia x Brassia
- xDoncollinara : Cochlioda x Odontoglossum x Rodriguezia
- xGomoglossum : Gomesa x Odontoglossum
- xGoodaleara : Brassia x Cochlioda x Miltonia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
- xHamiltonara : Ada x Brassia x Cochlioda x Odontoglossum
- xKriegerara : Ada x Cochlioda x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
- xLagerara : Aspasia x Cochlioda x Odontoglossum
- xMaclellanara : Brassia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
- xMaunderara : Ada x Cochlioda x Miltonia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
- xMiltodontrum J.M.H.Shaw 2004 : (Miltonia Lindl. x Odontoglossum Kunth x Trichocentrum Poepp. & Endl.).
- xMorrisonara : Ada x Odontoglossum x Miltonia
- xOdontioda : Odontoglossum x Cochlioda
- xOdontobrassia : Brassia x Odontoglossum
- xOdontocentrum J.M.H.Shaw 2004 : (Odontoglossum Kunth x Trichocentrum Poepp. & Endl.).
- xOdontocidium : Odontoglossum x Oncidium
- xOdontokoa J.M.H.Shaw 2004 : (Odontoglossum Kunth x Zelenkoa M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams).
- xOdontonia : Miltonia x Odontoglossum
- xOdontopilia : Odontoglossum x Trichopilia
- xOdontorettia : Comparettia x Odontoglossum
- xOdontozelencidium J.M.H.Shaw 2004 : (Odontoglossum Kunth x Oncidium Sw. x Zelenkoa M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams).
- xRhyntonossum J.M.H.Shaw 2004 : (Miltonia Lindl. x Odontoglossum Kunth x Rhynchostele Rchb.f.).
- xRichardsonara : Aspasia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
- xRoccaforteara : Odontoglossum x Aspasia x Brassia x Cochlioda
- xRodriglossum : Odontoglossum x Rodriguezia
- xRuppara : Gomesa x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
- xSanderara : Brassia x Cochlioda x Odontoglossum
- xSchafferara : Aspasia x Brassia x Cochlioda x Miltonia x Odontoglossum
- xSegerara : Aspasia x Cochlioda x Miltonia x Oncidium x Odontoglossum
- xShiveara : Aspasia x Brassia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
- xStewartara : Ada x Cochlioda x Odontoglossum
- xVanalstyneara : Miltonia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium x Rodriguezia
- xVuylstekeara : Cochlioda x Miltonia x Odontoglossum
- xWatsonara J.M.H.Shaw 2004 : (Brassia R.Br. x Odontoglossum Kunth x Oncidium Sw. x Trichocentrum Poepp. & Endl.)
- xWilsonara : Cochlioda x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
- xWingfieldara : Aspasia x Brassia x Odontoglossum
- xWithnerara : Aspasia x Miltonia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
External links