Nedryhayliv
Encyclopedia
Nedryhayliv is a small town situated on the Sula River
in the Sumy Oblast
of northeastern Ukraine
. Its small town population of approximately 6,000 earned it the classification of urban-type settlement
and it serves as the administrative center of the Nedryhaylivskyi Raion (district
), housing the raion's administrative structure.
(as early as 15,000 years ago), lasting through the Bronze Age and into early Iron Age. In addition to these settlements, archaeologists discovered evidence of the Chernyakhov
and Maryanivska cultures, Kurgan
burial grounds of the Scythian era, and remains of a settlement of the early Slavs from the first centuries A.D.
The area in the region was populated by Severian
settlers during the Kievan Rus'
period. Archaeological excavations in 1972 during Soviet rule in Ukraine uncovered artifacts from this period, including early Slavic
pottery, a beaded necklace, and remnants of metallic weaponry. It is likely that the ancient settlement of Nedryhayliv ceased to exist after the Mongolian-Tatar Invasion of 1239. The area is believed to have remained uninhabited for almost three centuries afterward. With time, this land became part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
, and from the year 1569, the western part of Nedryhaylivskyi Raion broke off to the Partitions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
, where it stayed until 1647. The eastern and southeastern parts of the raion joined the Grand Duchy of Moscow
, also known as Muscovy.
The date is not precisely known when Nedryhayliv was established as an official township or population center. The official history estimates that the town was established no later than 1632, but another version of the town history has put it as being officially founded in 1639 by an officer of the Polish army.
, is mostly flat with no nearby mountains or valleys. Large swaths of the land to the south, east, and west of the Nedryhayliv township are dedicated to agriculture while the town's northern border is formed by the Sula River
. Nedryhayliv is located in the center of the Nedryhaylivskyi Raion.
Most of the town center is hooked up to local water mains that connect to a freshwater spring located more than 700 meters underground.
(33 km) and Sumy
(70 km), the oblast capital. Though there are no railways that run through Nedryhayliv, two separate lines run through Romny and Sumy. Regular marshrutka
and bus services connecting Nedryhayliv with villages and cities throughout the region go through the town hourly, as well as direct passage to Kiev
, the country's capital city. The Sula River does not accommodate commercial river transport.
There are two public extracurricular schools
located in the town center which focus on teaching pupils non-academic subjects.
The town library was built in 1897 and still functions in this form, standing in the center of town next to the village administration building. Though the library at one time had collections of literature printed before the Russian Revolution, the oldest books of its current collection were published no earlier than 1937 due to the loss of books during the German occupation of World War II
.
Located by the Sula River is the district sports stadium. The stadium hosts football matches between local amateur football clubs from different raions throughout the Sumy Oblast
. On July 7, the stadium hosts the annual Ivan Kupala Festival
. Its seating capacity for more than 3,000 people and its riverside location makes the stadium an ideal venue for the traditional event, in which young women dress as rusalki
(water nymphs) and light bonfires, around which they subsequently dance and invite others to dance with them. This event annually attracts several thousand visitors from all over the region and from different countries.
A private newspaper, Nedryhayliv Today! (Недригайлів Сьогодні!), was founded in 2006 and also reports regional news, though only released in a weekly format.
Several terrestrial television channels broadcast from antennae throughout the Sumy Oblast and from neighboring oblasts are received in households throughout the Nedryhaylisvkyi Raion. These channels include:
has provided high-speed commercial and residential internet services in addition to its long-established telephony and telegraph services in Nedryhayliv.
Mobile telephone services of MTS
, Kyivstar
and Life:) and their subsidiaries all provide mobile telephone coverage throughout the Nedryhaylivskyi Raion.
Sula River
The Sula River is a left tributary of the Dnipró or Dnieper River with a total length of 365 km and a drainage basin of 19,600 km²....
in the Sumy Oblast
Sumy Oblast
Sumy Oblast is an oblast in the northeastern part of Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Sumy.Other important cities within the oblast include Konotop, Okhtyrka, Romny, and Shostka....
of northeastern Ukraine
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
. Its small town population of approximately 6,000 earned it the classification of urban-type settlement
Urban-type settlement
Urban-type settlement ; , selyshche mis'koho typu ) is an official designation for a type of locality used in some of the countries of the former Soviet Union...
and it serves as the administrative center of the Nedryhaylivskyi Raion (district
Raion
A raion is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet countries. The term, which is from French rayon 'honeycomb, department,' describes both a type of a subnational entity and a division of a city, and is commonly translated in English as "district"...
), housing the raion's administrative structure.
History
According to the official regional history, on the territory of the modern-day Nedryhayliv district were settlements formed during the late Paleolithic EraPaleolithic
The Paleolithic Age, Era or Period, is a prehistoric period of human history distinguished by the development of the most primitive stone tools discovered , and covers roughly 99% of human technological prehistory...
(as early as 15,000 years ago), lasting through the Bronze Age and into early Iron Age. In addition to these settlements, archaeologists discovered evidence of the Chernyakhov
Chernyakhov culture
The Sântana de Mureș–Chernyakhiv culture is the name given to an archaeological culture which flourished between the 2nd and 5th centuries in a wide area of Eastern Europe, specifically in what today constitutes Ukraine, Romania, Moldova, and parts of Belarus...
and Maryanivska cultures, Kurgan
Kurgan
Kurgan is the Turkic term for a tumulus; mound of earth and stones raised over a grave or graves, originating with its use in Soviet archaeology, now widely used for tumuli in the context of Eastern European and Central Asian archaeology....
burial grounds of the Scythian era, and remains of a settlement of the early Slavs from the first centuries A.D.
The area in the region was populated by Severian
Severians
The Severians or Severyans or Siverians were a tribe or tribal union of early East Slavs occupying areas to the east of the middle Dnieper river around the rivers Desna, Sejm and Sula on the territory of the archaeological Romny culture....
settlers during the Kievan Rus'
Kievan Rus'
Kievan Rus was a medieval polity in Eastern Europe, from the late 9th to the mid 13th century, when it disintegrated under the pressure of the Mongol invasion of 1237–1240....
period. Archaeological excavations in 1972 during Soviet rule in Ukraine uncovered artifacts from this period, including early Slavic
Slavic peoples
The Slavic people are an Indo-European panethnicity living in Eastern Europe, Southeast Europe, North Asia and Central Asia. The term Slavic represents a broad ethno-linguistic group of people, who speak languages belonging to the Slavic language family and share, to varying degrees, certain...
pottery, a beaded necklace, and remnants of metallic weaponry. It is likely that the ancient settlement of Nedryhayliv ceased to exist after the Mongolian-Tatar Invasion of 1239. The area is believed to have remained uninhabited for almost three centuries afterward. With time, this land became part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was a European state from the 12th /13th century until 1569 and then as a constituent part of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth until 1791 when Constitution of May 3, 1791 abolished it in favor of unitary state. It was founded by the Lithuanians, one of the polytheistic...
, and from the year 1569, the western part of Nedryhaylivskyi Raion broke off to the Partitions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was a dualistic state of Poland and Lithuania ruled by a common monarch. It was the largest and one of the most populous countries of 16th- and 17th‑century Europe with some and a multi-ethnic population of 11 million at its peak in the early 17th century...
, where it stayed until 1647. The eastern and southeastern parts of the raion joined the Grand Duchy of Moscow
Grand Duchy of Moscow
The Grand Duchy of Moscow or Grand Principality of Moscow, also known in English simply as Muscovy , was a late medieval Rus' principality centered on Moscow, and the predecessor state of the early modern Tsardom of Russia....
, also known as Muscovy.
The date is not precisely known when Nedryhayliv was established as an official township or population center. The official history estimates that the town was established no later than 1632, but another version of the town history has put it as being officially founded in 1639 by an officer of the Polish army.
Geography
The town, like many localities situated in the Eurasian SteppeEurasian Steppe
The Eurasian Steppe is the vast steppe ecoregion of Eurasia in the Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands Biome. It stretches from Hungary to Mongolia...
, is mostly flat with no nearby mountains or valleys. Large swaths of the land to the south, east, and west of the Nedryhayliv township are dedicated to agriculture while the town's northern border is formed by the Sula River
Sula River
The Sula River is a left tributary of the Dnipró or Dnieper River with a total length of 365 km and a drainage basin of 19,600 km²....
. Nedryhayliv is located in the center of the Nedryhaylivskyi Raion.
Most of the town center is hooked up to local water mains that connect to a freshwater spring located more than 700 meters underground.
Transportation
A two-lane highway runs east-west through the center of town, connecting it to the nearby cities of RomnyRomny
Romny is a city in the northern Ukrainian Oblast of Sumy. It is located on the Romen River and is the administrative center of the Romny Raion...
(33 km) and Sumy
Sumy
* 1897 - 70.53% Ukrainians, 24.1% Russians, 2.6% Jewish, 2.67% others* 1926 - 80.7% Ukrainians, 11.8% Russians, 5.5% Jewish, 2% others* 1959 - 79% Ukrainians, 20% Russians, 1% others...
(70 km), the oblast capital. Though there are no railways that run through Nedryhayliv, two separate lines run through Romny and Sumy. Regular marshrutka
Marshrutka
Marshrutka , from marshrutnoye taksi is a share taxi in the CIS countries, the Baltic states, and Bulgaria. Marshrutnoye taksi literally means routed taxicab...
and bus services connecting Nedryhayliv with villages and cities throughout the region go through the town hourly, as well as direct passage to Kiev
Kiev
Kiev or Kyiv is the capital and the largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper River. The population as of the 2001 census was 2,611,300. However, higher numbers have been cited in the press....
, the country's capital city. The Sula River does not accommodate commercial river transport.
Education
There are three public educational organizations located in Nedryhayliv:- The Nedryhayliv Nursery School - built during the Soviet era and located in the town center. Children attend this nursery beginning at age three and continue to age five or six, when they are ready to enter the first grade.
- The Nedryhayliv Specialized Secondary School - The school teaches children from the 1st-11th forms all academic subjects in accordance with the Ukrainian Ministry of Education and Science, including chemistry, Ukrainian history, physics, mathematics, foreign language (Russian, English and German), computer sciences, and literature. Approximately 800 pupils attend this school.
- The Nedryhayliv Vocational Technical School No.41 - This school teaches vocational lessons for students from the 10th-11th forms. Some of the subjects taught here are culinary artCulinary artCulinary art is the art of preparing and cooking foods. The word "culinary" is defined as something related to, or connected with, cooking. A culinarion is a person working in the culinary arts. A culinarian working in restaurants is commonly known as a cook or a chef. Culinary artists are...
s, mechanicsMechanical engineeringMechanical engineering is a discipline of engineering that applies the principles of physics and materials science for analysis, design, manufacturing, and maintenance of mechanical systems. It is the branch of engineering that involves the production and usage of heat and mechanical power for the...
, computer scienceComputer scienceComputer science or computing science is the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and of practical techniques for their implementation and application in computer systems...
, and accountancyAccountancyAccountancy is the process of communicating financial information about a business entity to users such as shareholders and managers. The communication is generally in the form of financial statements that show in money terms the economic resources under the control of management; the art lies in...
.
There are two public extracurricular schools
Extracurricular activity
Extracurricular activities are activities performed by students that fall outside the realm of the normal curriculum of school or university education...
located in the town center which focus on teaching pupils non-academic subjects.
- The Nedryhayliv Music School - This extracurricular school conducts lessons in art and musical instruments.
- The Nedryhayliv House of Students - This school provides special instruction for sports, choir, nature and dance.
Culture
The town center has a multi-faceted House of Culture (Будинок Культури). This public building hosts concerts, pageants, ceremonies, and other events throughout the year.The town library was built in 1897 and still functions in this form, standing in the center of town next to the village administration building. Though the library at one time had collections of literature printed before the Russian Revolution, the oldest books of its current collection were published no earlier than 1937 due to the loss of books during the German occupation of World War II
Eastern Front (World War II)
The Eastern Front of World War II was a theatre of World War II between the European Axis powers and co-belligerent Finland against the Soviet Union, Poland, and some other Allies which encompassed Northern, Southern and Eastern Europe from 22 June 1941 to 9 May 1945...
.
Located by the Sula River is the district sports stadium. The stadium hosts football matches between local amateur football clubs from different raions throughout the Sumy Oblast
Sumy Oblast
Sumy Oblast is an oblast in the northeastern part of Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Sumy.Other important cities within the oblast include Konotop, Okhtyrka, Romny, and Shostka....
. On July 7, the stadium hosts the annual Ivan Kupala Festival
Ivan Kupala Day
Kupala Day is celebrated in Poland, Russia, Belarus and Ukraine currently on the night of 6/7 July in the Gregorian or New Style calendar, which is 23/24 June in the Julian or Old Style calendar still used by many Orthodox Churches. Calendar-wise, it is opposite to the winter solstice holiday...
. Its seating capacity for more than 3,000 people and its riverside location makes the stadium an ideal venue for the traditional event, in which young women dress as rusalki
Rusalka
In Slavic mythology, a rusalka was a female ghost, water nymph, succubus, or mermaid-like demon that dwelled in a waterway....
(water nymphs) and light bonfires, around which they subsequently dance and invite others to dance with them. This event annually attracts several thousand visitors from all over the region and from different countries.
Public Health
In October 2006, a new multi-storey hospital was opened by President Viktor Yushchenko. The building was constructed as an addition to the aging hospital for long-term care. A public health clinic for non-emergency health care also exists in the town center.Media
Two local newspapers are based in Nedryhayliv. Holos Posullya (Голос Посулля) was founded in March 1931 by the local Soviet administration. It has since continued to report news events of the region issued in a bi-weekly format.A private newspaper, Nedryhayliv Today! (Недригайлів Сьогодні!), was founded in 2006 and also reports regional news, though only released in a weekly format.
Several terrestrial television channels broadcast from antennae throughout the Sumy Oblast and from neighboring oblasts are received in households throughout the Nedryhaylisvkyi Raion. These channels include:
- 1+11+1- History :TV channel "1+1" was founded in August 1995, headed by its original President Alexander Rodnyansky who also was its general director from 1996 to 2002...
- Pershyi KanalUT1 (Ukraine)Pershyi Natsionalnyi is the state-run television channel in Ukraine, operated by the National Television Company of Ukraine. It is the only Ukrainian TV channel covering over 97% of Ukraine's territory. Its programs are oriented on all social layers of the Ukrainian society and national minorities...
- Kanal 5Kanal 5 (Ukraine)5 Kanal is a television station in Ukraine controlled by businessman Petro Poroshenko. It became well known as the first major broadcaster during the 2004 presidential election offering balanced or critical broadcasting on candidate Viktor Yanukovych...
- InterInter (TV channel)Inter is the major TV channel in Ukraine. Based on it later was formed the whole new media group with variety of different other channels. Inter is among the top-rated networks in Ukraine, competing with such as 1+1 and Pershyi Natsionalnyi channels...
Telecommunications
Since at least 2006, the national communications company UkrtelecomUkrtelecom
Ukrtelecom JSC was Ukraine's monopolist government-owned telephone company, also active in Internet service providing and mobile markets. The company was governed by the Ministry of Transportation and Communications of Ukraine with 92.9% shares belong to government.Austrian investment firm EPIC...
has provided high-speed commercial and residential internet services in addition to its long-established telephony and telegraph services in Nedryhayliv.
Mobile telephone services of MTS
Mobile TeleSystems
MTS is the largest mobile operator in Russia and CIS with over 102,4 million subscribers as of 31 December 2009.Having started in the Moscow license zone in 1994, МТS in 1997 received licenses for further areas and began expansion, later entering other countries of the CIS...
, Kyivstar
Kyivstar
Kyivstar is the largest mobile phone operator in Ukraine, serving 24,944,592 subscribers as of October 2010. Kyivstar's wireless network operates using the GSM standard and provides coverage accessible by approximately 99% of the Ukrainian population....
and Life:) and their subsidiaries all provide mobile telephone coverage throughout the Nedryhaylivskyi Raion.