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Urban-type settlement (posyolok gorodskogo tipa; , selyshche mis'koho typu; abbreviated as in Russian and as in Ukrainian) is an official designation
Designation

Designation may refer to:* A professional certification* United States Department of Defense aerospace vehicle designation* An identifer for a part, unit, item, or assembly on an engineering drawing....
 for a certain type of urban localities used in some of the countries of the former Soviet Union
Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a Constitution of the Soviet Union socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.The name is a translation of the , romanization of Russian Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, abbreviated ????, SSSR....
.

An urban-type settlement was one of the results of Soviet urban design
Urban design

Urban design concerns the arrangement, appearance and functionality of towns and cities, and in particular the shaping and uses of urban public space....
, a locality intermediate in character and status between cities/towns and rural
Rural

Rural areas are large and isolated areas of a country, often with low populations. Today, 75 percent of the United States' inhabitants live in suburban and urban areas, but cities occupy only 2 percent of the country....
 localities.

Some urban-type settlements are similar in size to some rural localities; however, their infrastructure is urban.






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Urban-type settlement (posyolok gorodskogo tipa; , selyshche mis'koho typu; abbreviated as in Russian and as in Ukrainian) is an official designation
Designation

Designation may refer to:* A professional certification* United States Department of Defense aerospace vehicle designation* An identifer for a part, unit, item, or assembly on an engineering drawing....
 for a certain type of urban localities used in some of the countries of the former Soviet Union
Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a Constitution of the Soviet Union socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.The name is a translation of the , romanization of Russian Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, abbreviated ????, SSSR....
.

An urban-type settlement was one of the results of Soviet urban design
Urban design

Urban design concerns the arrangement, appearance and functionality of towns and cities, and in particular the shaping and uses of urban public space....
, a locality intermediate in character and status between cities/towns and rural
Rural

Rural areas are large and isolated areas of a country, often with low populations. Today, 75 percent of the United States' inhabitants live in suburban and urban areas, but cities occupy only 2 percent of the country....
 localities.

Some urban-type settlements are similar in size to some rural localities; however, their infrastructure is urban. Other urban-type settlements are similar in size and infrastructure to some small towns. Usually they are centered around a single industry
Industry

An industry is the manufacturing of a Good or Service within a category. Although industry is a broad term for any kind of economic production, in economics and urban planning industry is a synonym for the secondary sector, which is a type of economic activity involved in the manufacturing of raw materials into goods and products....
. One of the defining features of an urban-type settlement in the former USSR was economic independence from agriculture.

Soviet Union

In the Soviet Union the criteria of urban-type settlements were set independently by the Soviet Republics. Those criteria, however, only differed very slightly from one republic to another.

Russian SFSR

In the Russian SFSR
Russian SFSR

The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic , also called the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic, the Russian SFSR and the RSFSR for short, was the largest and most populous of the fifteen Republics of the Soviet Union of the Soviet Union and became the Russian Federation after the collapse of the Soviet Union....
, urban-type settlements were subdivided into three types:
  • Work settlements : localities with factories, mining industry, power stations, construction industry, with population of at least 3,000 and with at least 85% of the population being workers, professionals, and the members of their families;
  • Resort settlements : localities focusing on resort and health facilities (around beaches, mineral water
    Mineral water

    Mineral water is water containing minerals or other dissolved substances that alter its taste or give it therapeutic value. Salts, sulfur compounds, and gases are among the substances that can be dissolved in the water....
     spas
    Spa town

    A spa town, or simply spa, is a town frequented mainly for health reasons, to "take the waters". The word comes from the Belgium town Spa, Belgium....
    , etc.), with population of at least 2,000, with at least 50% of the average annual population being non-permanent residents;
  • Suburban settlements (dacha
    Dacha

    Dacha is a Russian word for seasonal or year-round second homes located in the exurbs of Soviet and Russian cities. In some cases it is occupied part of the year by its owner or rented out to urban residents as a summer retreat....
     settlements, ): settlements with a focus on private summer-time and weekend recreation, with no more than 25% of the permanent population being employed in the agricultural sector.


Ukrainian SSR

In 1981, the Supreme Soviet
Supreme Soviet

The Supreme Soviet of the USSR was the highest legislative body in the Soviet Union in the interim of the sessions of the Congress of Soviets, and the only one with the power to pass constitutional amendments....
 of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic defined an urban-type settlement as follows:
  • a locality of not less than 2,000 inhabitants, consisting of at least ? workers or government employees or their families;
  • with industrial enterprises, buildings, and a railroad connection;
  • localities with educational or research institutions;
  • with sanatoria
    Sanatorium

    A sanatorium is a medical facility for long-term illness, typically tuberculosis. A distinction is sometimes made between "sanitarium" and "sanatorium" ....
     or recreational institutions.


In exceptional cases, even localities of 500 to 2,000 inhabitants could attain urban-type settlement status, if they had economic development potential.

Russian Federation

In modern Russia, the task of setting the criteria of urban-type settlements is delegated to the federal subjects
Federal subjects of Russia

Russia is a federation which consists of 83 subjects. These subjects are of equal federal rights in the sense that they have equal representation?two delegates each?in the Federation Council of Russia ....
. In most cases, the federal subject's legislative body is responsible for all administrative and territorial changes, including granting and revoking of the urban-type settlement and town status.

See also

  • Subdivisions of Russia
    Subdivisions of Russia

    Being the largest country in the world spanning a large percentage of Eurasia, and one of the most populated, Russia is divided into several types and levels of country subdivision from autonomous State to dependent subnational entities of various names....
  • Subdivisions of Ukraine