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Nitric oxide synthase 1 (neuronal), also known as NOS1, is an enzyme
Enzyme

Enzymes are biomolecules that catalysis chemical reactions. Almost all enzymes are proteins. In enzymatic reactions, the molecules at the beginning of the process are called Substrate , and the enzyme converts them into different molecules, the products....
 which in humans is encoded by the NOS1 gene
Gene

A gene is the basic unit of heredity in a living organism. All living things depend on genes. Genes hold the information to build and maintain their cell and pass genetic trait to offspring....
.

Function
Nitric oxide
Nitric oxide

Nitric oxide or nitrogen monoxide is a chemical compound with chemical formula NitrogenOxygen. This gas is an important signaling molecule in the body of mammals, including humans, and is an extremely important intermediate in the chemical industry....
 (NO) is a messenger molecule with diverse functions throughout the body. In the brain and peripheral nervous system, NO displays many properties of a neurotransmitter
Neurotransmitter

Neurotransmitters are chemistry which relay, amplify and modulate signals between a neuron and another cell . Neurotransmitters are packaged into vesicles that cluster beneath the membrane on the presynaptic side of a synapse, and are released into the synaptic cleft, where they bind to receptors in the membrane on the postsynaptic side of...
; it is implicated in neurotoxicity
Neurotoxicity

Neurotoxicity occurs when the exposure to natural or artificial toxic substances, which are called neurotoxins, alters the normal activity of the nervous system in such a way as to cause damage to nervous tissue....
 associated with stroke
Stroke

A stroke is the rapidly developing loss of brain function due to a disturbance in the blood supply to the brain. According to the National Stroke Association, a "stroke" occurs when a blood clot blocks and artery or a blood vessel breaks, interrupting blood flow to an area of the brain....
 and neurodegenerative diseases, neural regulation of smooth muscle, including peristalsis
Peristalsis

Peristalsis is the rhythmic contraction of smooth muscles to propel contents through the digestive tract. The word is derived from New Latin and comes from the Greek language peristaltikos, peristaltic, from peristellein, "to wrap around," and stellein, "to place."...
, and penile erection.






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Encyclopedia


Nitric oxide synthase 1 (neuronal), also known as NOS1, is an enzyme
Enzyme

Enzymes are biomolecules that catalysis chemical reactions. Almost all enzymes are proteins. In enzymatic reactions, the molecules at the beginning of the process are called Substrate , and the enzyme converts them into different molecules, the products....
 which in humans is encoded by the NOS1 gene
Gene

A gene is the basic unit of heredity in a living organism. All living things depend on genes. Genes hold the information to build and maintain their cell and pass genetic trait to offspring....
.

Function


Nitric oxide
Nitric oxide

Nitric oxide or nitrogen monoxide is a chemical compound with chemical formula NitrogenOxygen. This gas is an important signaling molecule in the body of mammals, including humans, and is an extremely important intermediate in the chemical industry....
 (NO) is a messenger molecule with diverse functions throughout the body. In the brain and peripheral nervous system, NO displays many properties of a neurotransmitter
Neurotransmitter

Neurotransmitters are chemistry which relay, amplify and modulate signals between a neuron and another cell . Neurotransmitters are packaged into vesicles that cluster beneath the membrane on the presynaptic side of a synapse, and are released into the synaptic cleft, where they bind to receptors in the membrane on the postsynaptic side of...
; it is implicated in neurotoxicity
Neurotoxicity

Neurotoxicity occurs when the exposure to natural or artificial toxic substances, which are called neurotoxins, alters the normal activity of the nervous system in such a way as to cause damage to nervous tissue....
 associated with stroke
Stroke

A stroke is the rapidly developing loss of brain function due to a disturbance in the blood supply to the brain. According to the National Stroke Association, a "stroke" occurs when a blood clot blocks and artery or a blood vessel breaks, interrupting blood flow to an area of the brain....
 and neurodegenerative diseases, neural regulation of smooth muscle, including peristalsis
Peristalsis

Peristalsis is the rhythmic contraction of smooth muscles to propel contents through the digestive tract. The word is derived from New Latin and comes from the Greek language peristaltikos, peristaltic, from peristellein, "to wrap around," and stellein, "to place."...
, and penile erection. NO is also responsible for endothelium-derived relaxing factor
Endothelium-derived relaxing factor

Endothelium-derived relaxing factor is produced and released by the endothelium that results in smooth muscle relaxation. The most well characterized is nitric oxide, and some older sources consider the two terms to be equivalent....
 activity regulating blood pressure. In macrophage
Macrophage

Macrophages are white blood cells within tissues, produced by the division of monocytes. Human macrophages are about 21 micrometres in diameter....
s, NO mediates tumoricidal and bactericidal actions, as indicated by the fact that inhibitors of NO synthase (NOS) block these effects. Neuronal NOS and macrophage NOS
Nitric oxide synthase 2A

Nitric oxide synthase 2A , also known as NOS2A, is a human gene.References...
 are distinct isoforms. Both the neuronal and the macrophage forms are unusual among oxidative enzymes in requiring several electron donors: FAD, flavin mononucleotide
Flavin mononucleotide

Flavin mononucleotide , or riboflavin-5'-phosphate, is a biomolecule produced from riboflavin by the enzyme riboflavin kinase and functions as prosthetic group of various oxidoreductases including NADH dehydrogenase....
 (FMN), NADPH, and tetrahydrobiopterin
Tetrahydrobiopterin

Tetrahydrobiopterin, sapropterin, or BH4 is a naturally occurring essential Cofactor of the three aromatic amino acid hydroxylases;phenylalanine hydroxylase for conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine, tyrosine-3-hydroxylase for the conversion of tyrosine to L-dopa, and tryptophan-5-hydroxylase for the conversion of...
.

Clinical significance


It has been implicated in asthma
Asthma

Asthma is a common chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, in which the Lung constrict, become inflammation, and are lined with excessive amounts of thickened mucus, often in response to one or more triggers....
, schizophrenia
Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia , from the Ancient Greek Root schizein and phren, phren- is a psychiatry diagnosis that describes a mental disorder characterized by abnormalities in the perception or expression of reality....
 and the so-called restless leg syndrome. It has also been investigated with respect to bipolar disorder
Bipolar disorder

Bipolar disorder is a Classification of mental disorders that describes a category of mood disorders, or mood swings, defined by the presence of one or more episodes of abnormally elevated mood clinically referred to as mania or, if milder, hypomania....
.

See also

  • Nitric oxide synthase
    Nitric oxide synthase

    Nitric oxide synthases are present among eukaryotic enzymes as dimeric, calmodulin-dependent or calmodulin-containing cytochrome p450-like hemoprotein that combine reductase and oxygenase catalytic domains in one dimer, bear both flavin adenine dinucleotide and flavin mononucleotide , and carry out a 5`-electron oxidation of non-aromatic a...


Reference


Further reading