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Flavin mononucleotide

 

 
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Flavin mononucleotide
 
 
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Flavin mononucleotide (FMN), or riboflavin-5'-phosphate, is a biomolecule
Biomolecule

A biomolecule is any organic chemistry molecule that is produced by a living organism, including large polymeric molecules such as proteins, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids as well as small molecules such as primary metabolites, secondary metabolites, and natural products....
 produced from riboflavin
Riboflavin

Riboflavin , also known as vitamin B2, is an easily absorbed micronutrient with a key role in maintaining health in humans and animals....
 (vitamin B2) by the enzyme riboflavin kinase
Riboflavin kinase

In enzymology, a riboflavin kinase is an enzyme that catalysis the chemical reactionThus, the two substrate of this enzyme are adenosine triphosphate and riboflavin, whereas its two product are adenosine diphosphate and flavin mononucleotide....
 and functions as prosthetic group
Prosthetic group

A prosthetic group is a non-protein component of a conjugated protein that is required for the protein's biological activity. The prosthetic group may be organic compound or inorganic ....
 of various oxidoreductase
Oxidoreductase

In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule to another ....
s including NADH dehydrogenase
NADH dehydrogenase

NADH dehydrogenase is an enzyme located in the inner mitochondria membrane that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from NADH to coenzyme Q ....
. During catalytic cycle, the reversible interconversion of oxidized (FMN), semiquinone (FMNH•) and reduced (FMNH2) forms occurs. FMN is a stronger oxidizing agent than NAD and is particularly useful because it can take part in both one and two electron transfers.

It is the principal form in which riboflavin is found in cell
Cell (biology)

The cell is the structural and functional unit of all known Life organisms. It is the smallest unit of an organism that is classified as living, and is often called the building bricks of life....
s and tissues
Biological tissue

Tissue is a cellular organizational level intermediate between cells and a complete organism. Hence, a tissue is an ensemble of cells, not necessarily identical, but from the same origin, that together carry out a specific function....
.






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Flavin mononucleotide (FMN), or riboflavin-5'-phosphate, is a biomolecule
Biomolecule

A biomolecule is any organic chemistry molecule that is produced by a living organism, including large polymeric molecules such as proteins, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids as well as small molecules such as primary metabolites, secondary metabolites, and natural products....
 produced from riboflavin
Riboflavin

Riboflavin , also known as vitamin B2, is an easily absorbed micronutrient with a key role in maintaining health in humans and animals....
 (vitamin B2) by the enzyme riboflavin kinase
Riboflavin kinase

In enzymology, a riboflavin kinase is an enzyme that catalysis the chemical reactionThus, the two substrate of this enzyme are adenosine triphosphate and riboflavin, whereas its two product are adenosine diphosphate and flavin mononucleotide....
 and functions as prosthetic group
Prosthetic group

A prosthetic group is a non-protein component of a conjugated protein that is required for the protein's biological activity. The prosthetic group may be organic compound or inorganic ....
 of various oxidoreductase
Oxidoreductase

In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule to another ....
s including NADH dehydrogenase
NADH dehydrogenase

NADH dehydrogenase is an enzyme located in the inner mitochondria membrane that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from NADH to coenzyme Q ....
. During catalytic cycle, the reversible interconversion of oxidized (FMN), semiquinone (FMNH•) and reduced (FMNH2) forms occurs. FMN is a stronger oxidizing agent than NAD and is particularly useful because it can take part in both one and two electron transfers.

It is the principal form in which riboflavin is found in cell
Cell (biology)

The cell is the structural and functional unit of all known Life organisms. It is the smallest unit of an organism that is classified as living, and is often called the building bricks of life....
s and tissues
Biological tissue

Tissue is a cellular organizational level intermediate between cells and a complete organism. Hence, a tissue is an ensemble of cells, not necessarily identical, but from the same origin, that together carry out a specific function....
. It requires more energy to produce, but is more soluble than riboflavin.

Designated with E number
E number

E numbers are number codes for food additives and are usually found on food labels throughout the European Union. The numbering scheme follows that of the International Numbering System as determined by the Codex Alimentarius committee....
 E101a, it is used as a food dye and is likely derived from genetically modified
Genetic engineering

Engineering There are a number of ways through which genetic engineering is accomplished. Essentially, the process has five main steps# Isolation of the genes of interest...
 organisms.

E106, a very closely related food dye, is riboflavin-5'-phosphate sodium salt, which consists mainly of the monosodium salt
Salt

A salt, in chemistry, is defined as the product formed from the neutralisation reaction of acids and base . Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions so that the product is electrically electric charge ....
 of the 5'-monophosphate ester
Ester

An ester is an often Aroma compound organic chemistry or partially organic compound formed by the reaction between an acid and an alcohol or aromatic alcohol with the elimination of water....
 of riboflavin. It is rapidly turned to free riboflavin after ingestion
Ingestion

Ingestion is the consumption of a substance by an organism. In animals, it normally is accomplished by taking in the substance through the mouth into the gastrointestinal tract, such as through eating or drinking....
. It is found in many foods for babies and young children as well as jams, milk
Milk

Milk is an opaque white liquid produced by the mammary glands of female mammals . It provides the primary source of nutrition for newborn mammals before they are able to digestion other types of food....
 products, and sweets and sugar
Sugar

Sugar is a class of edible crystalline substances, mainly sucrose, lactose, and fructose. Human taste buds interpret its flavor as sweet. Sugar as a basic food carbohydrate primarily comes from sugar cane and from sugar beet, but also appears in fruit, honey, sorghum, sugar maple , and in many other sources....
 products.

External links

  • in the


See also

  • FAD
  • NAD