Muley Jat
Encyclopedia
The Muley Jat, or sometimes pronounced as Mola/Mula Jat are a Muslim
community found in the state of Uttar Pradesh
in India
, and the province of Punjab
in Pakistan
. They are Muslim
converts from the Jat community of North India
, but not every Muslim
convert is referred to as a Muley, the term being restricted to those Jats who inhabit western Uttar Pradesh
and were once found in Haryana
, and speak dialects of Urdu
and Hindi such as Haryanvi and Khari boli. Those Muley Jat who inhabited the state of Haryana
moved en masse to Pakistan
, after the partition of India
.
converts from the Jat tribe, who were historically found in Haryana
and western Uttar Pradesh
. There is controversy as to the exact circumstances of their conversion to Islam
which are unclear. It is believed that many Jats where influenced by the Sufi traditions of Fariduddin Ganjshakar during the 11th and 12th century, but modern textbooks do claim the conversions to have taken place in the 15th and 16th Century, during the reign of the Mughal
Emperor Akbar. The Muley Jat can be roughly divided into two sub-groups, conveniently divided by the Yamuna
river. Those to the west of the river remained as pastoralists much longer and had much in common with neighbouring Muslim Rajput
and Muslim Gujjar
communities. The partition of India
further divided these two groups, with the trans Yamuna Mulley Jat emigrating to Pakistan, while those living east Of the Yamuna river of the Doab remaining in India. However, the Muley Jats still have many customs that are similar to the Hindu
Jat community, may be because these are Jat rituals not Hindu. For instance, both communities observe the custom of pagri rasam ritual
which consecrates a new head of a family, lineage or clan. The worship of Goga Pir, a local saint is common among both communities, remembering of ancestors. But like other Sunni Muslim
communities in western Uttar Pradesh
, they have been influenced by the reformist Deobandi
sect of Sunni Islam
, as the famous seminary of Deoband
is located in the Muley Jat heartland. Muley jats are also in Pakistan,imigrated after partition and also some were residing prior to partition there.
However they were Hindus earlier but they strictly follows Islam than their Muslims brothers. There most prominent gotras are Khokhars, Chauhan, Rana, etc. of Jat community.
They comprise a large numbered of dispersed intermarrying clans, known as gotra
s. These exogamous groups are made up of myriad landholding patrilineages of varying genealogical depth, ritual, and social status sometimes also called biradaries or brotherhoods scattered in the various districts of western Uttar Pradesh. The biradari, or lineage is one of the principal point of reference for the Mulley Jats, and all biradaris claim descent from a common ancestor.Historically the Muley Jat also belonged to the khap
s, who comprised a number of biradaries, and marriages with in the khap were not allowed, but this is no longer practiced.
, the Muley Jat are now found in the western parts of the state of Uttar Pradesh
.The Muley Jat are found mainly in the districts of Saharanpur
, Muzaffarnagar
, Meerut
and Baghpat in Uttar Pradesh
. In Baghpat District, they are found mainly in several villages near the town of Chaprauli. Important Muley Jat villages include Asara in Baghpat District, and Palra in Muzaffarnagar District
.
panchayat. Offences that are dealt by the tribal council include adultery, elopement, disputes over land, water and theft. Its is also used maintain a system of social control over members of the community, particularly with regards to marriage. They speak Khari Boli among themselves, and Urdu
with outsiders.
The Muley Jat are mainly a community of owner cultivators, and have much in common with the other neighbouring Muslim
agrarian caste
s, such as the Ranghar
and Tyagi Muslim
. Like the Ranghar
, the Muley Jat are strictly endogamous, and practice the custom of gotra
and village exogamy. Their marriages customs are similar to the wider Jat community.
family, which produced the family of the Nawabs of Karnal
, played an important role in the history of post Mughal
western Uttar Pradesh
. They first appear in history in 1780 A,D, when the family was residing at Samana
, and Nawab Majid-ul-daula granted to Nawab Sher-ul-din Khan, their ancestor, the parganas of Muzaffarnagar
, Shoran and Chatrawal in the Muzaffarnagar District
on condition that he furnished for Government service 200 horsemen fully equipped ; on the death of the grantee in 1789 the grant was continued on the same terms to his brother Mahomdi Khan by Daulat Rao Scindia. This family produced the first prime minister
of Pakistan
, Liaquat Ali Khan
. A good number of Marhal
still reside in the town of Jarauda in Muzaffarnagar District
.
, which now forms the state of Haryana
moved to Pakistan
after partition in 1947. They historically followed both Hindu
as well as Muslim
customs and could not easily be classified as either Hindu or Muslim. Starting in the early twentieth century, Hindu and Muslim revivalist religious organisations began targeting the community, trying to convert them to their respective faiths. Some of became Arya Samaj
ists, others became better Muslims. Many continued to practice their traditional mix of Hindusim and Islam
.
Then, in 1947 (the partition of India
), the Muley Jat of Haryana
were faced with an unenviable choice. Hindu
mobs attacked their villages, giving the choice of conversion to Hinduism
, or to abandon their lands and flee to Pakistan
.Scores of Muley Jats were killed in the partition
violence. Many more fled across to the newly-created Pakistan. But a small number of remained in their ancestral land. Many of them converted to Hinduism through the Arya Samaj
. Some continued being Muslim, in some sense. Some of those who became outwardly Hindu retained their faith in Islam secretly while others lost completely their association with Islam. And there were others who became Hindu for a while and, after peace was restored, turned Muslim again after a few years, such as those of Shahpur Jat in Delhi
.
However, the bulk of the Muley Jat moved to Pakistan
. They have settled down in the districts of Lahore
, Sheikhupura
, Bhakkar
, Bahawalnagar
, Okara
, Layyah
, Vehari
, Sahiwal
and Multan
of Punjab
. They are also found in Mirpur Khas
and Nawabshah
Districts of Sindh
. Recent studies of the Muley Jat communities in Pakistan
have confirmed that they maintain a distinct identity. The Muley Jat continue to speak a Haryanvi dialect which is often called Ranghari, and culturally close the larger Muslim Rajput
community. They have maintained the system of exogamous marriages, the practice of not marrying with in ones clan, which marks them out from neighbouring Punjabi
Muslim
communities, which prefer marriages with first cousins. In districts of Pakpattan
and Okara
, which have the densest concentrations of Muley Jat, they consist mostly of small peasants, with many serving in the army and police. They maintain an overarching tribal council known as a panchayat, which deals with a number of issues, such as punishments for petty crime or co-operation over village projects. The institution of the khap
has disappeared in Pakistan
.
, and here is a breakdown starting with the Ambala District
.
Muslim
A Muslim, also spelled Moslem, is an adherent of Islam, a monotheistic, Abrahamic religion based on the Quran, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God as revealed to prophet Muhammad. "Muslim" is the Arabic term for "submitter" .Muslims believe that God is one and incomparable...
community found in the state of Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh abbreviation U.P. , is a state located in the northern part of India. With a population of over 200 million people, it is India's most populous state, as well as the world's most populous sub-national entity...
in India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
, and the province of Punjab
Punjab (Pakistan)
Punjab is the most populous province of Pakistan, with approximately 45% of the country's total population. Forming most of the Punjab region, the province is bordered by Kashmir to the north-east, the Indian states of Punjab and Rajasthan to the east, the Pakistani province of Sindh to the...
in Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...
. They are Muslim
Muslim
A Muslim, also spelled Moslem, is an adherent of Islam, a monotheistic, Abrahamic religion based on the Quran, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God as revealed to prophet Muhammad. "Muslim" is the Arabic term for "submitter" .Muslims believe that God is one and incomparable...
converts from the Jat community of North India
North India
North India, known natively as Uttar Bhārat or Shumālī Hindustān , is a loosely defined region in the northern part of India. The exact meaning of the term varies by usage...
, but not every Muslim
Muslim
A Muslim, also spelled Moslem, is an adherent of Islam, a monotheistic, Abrahamic religion based on the Quran, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God as revealed to prophet Muhammad. "Muslim" is the Arabic term for "submitter" .Muslims believe that God is one and incomparable...
convert is referred to as a Muley, the term being restricted to those Jats who inhabit western Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh abbreviation U.P. , is a state located in the northern part of India. With a population of over 200 million people, it is India's most populous state, as well as the world's most populous sub-national entity...
and were once found in Haryana
Haryana
Haryana is a state in India. Historically, it has been a part of the Kuru region in North India. The name Haryana is found mentioned in the 12th century AD by the apabhramsha writer Vibudh Shridhar . It is bordered by Punjab and Himachal Pradesh to the north, and by Rajasthan to the west and south...
, and speak dialects of Urdu
Urdu
Urdu is a register of the Hindustani language that is identified with Muslims in South Asia. It belongs to the Indo-European family. Urdu is the national language and lingua franca of Pakistan. It is also widely spoken in some regions of India, where it is one of the 22 scheduled languages and an...
and Hindi such as Haryanvi and Khari boli. Those Muley Jat who inhabited the state of Haryana
Haryana
Haryana is a state in India. Historically, it has been a part of the Kuru region in North India. The name Haryana is found mentioned in the 12th century AD by the apabhramsha writer Vibudh Shridhar . It is bordered by Punjab and Himachal Pradesh to the north, and by Rajasthan to the west and south...
moved en masse to Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...
, after the partition of India
Partition of India
The Partition of India was the partition of British India on the basis of religious demographics that led to the creation of the sovereign states of the Dominion of Pakistan and the Union of India on 14 and 15...
.
Origin
The term mulla refers to MuslimMuslim
A Muslim, also spelled Moslem, is an adherent of Islam, a monotheistic, Abrahamic religion based on the Quran, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God as revealed to prophet Muhammad. "Muslim" is the Arabic term for "submitter" .Muslims believe that God is one and incomparable...
converts from the Jat tribe, who were historically found in Haryana
Haryana
Haryana is a state in India. Historically, it has been a part of the Kuru region in North India. The name Haryana is found mentioned in the 12th century AD by the apabhramsha writer Vibudh Shridhar . It is bordered by Punjab and Himachal Pradesh to the north, and by Rajasthan to the west and south...
and western Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh abbreviation U.P. , is a state located in the northern part of India. With a population of over 200 million people, it is India's most populous state, as well as the world's most populous sub-national entity...
. There is controversy as to the exact circumstances of their conversion to Islam
Islam
Islam . The most common are and . : Arabic pronunciation varies regionally. The first vowel ranges from ~~. The second vowel ranges from ~~~...
which are unclear. It is believed that many Jats where influenced by the Sufi traditions of Fariduddin Ganjshakar during the 11th and 12th century, but modern textbooks do claim the conversions to have taken place in the 15th and 16th Century, during the reign of the Mughal
Mughal Empire
The Mughal Empire , or Mogul Empire in traditional English usage, was an imperial power from the Indian Subcontinent. The Mughal emperors were descendants of the Timurids...
Emperor Akbar. The Muley Jat can be roughly divided into two sub-groups, conveniently divided by the Yamuna
Yamuna
The Yamuna is the largest tributary river of the Ganges in northern India...
river. Those to the west of the river remained as pastoralists much longer and had much in common with neighbouring Muslim Rajput
Ranghar
Ranghar are a Muslim ethnic group, which is found in Sindh and Punjab provinces of Pakistan and Haryana and Uttar Pradesh states of India. Ranghar were native to Indian state of Haryana and also found in the Doab region of Uttar Pradesh, as well as Delhi in India...
and Muslim Gujjar
Muslim Gujjar (Uttar Pradesh)
The Muslim Gujjar of Uttar Pradesh are a Muslim community found in the state of Uttar Pradesh in India. They are Muslim converts of the wider Gujjar community of South Asia. The Gujjar of Uttar Pradesh are, in fact, three distinct communities, those of the Doab region, those of Awadh and the...
communities. The partition of India
Partition of India
The Partition of India was the partition of British India on the basis of religious demographics that led to the creation of the sovereign states of the Dominion of Pakistan and the Union of India on 14 and 15...
further divided these two groups, with the trans Yamuna Mulley Jat emigrating to Pakistan, while those living east Of the Yamuna river of the Doab remaining in India. However, the Muley Jats still have many customs that are similar to the Hindu
Hindu
Hindu refers to an identity associated with the philosophical, religious and cultural systems that are indigenous to the Indian subcontinent. As used in the Constitution of India, the word "Hindu" is also attributed to all persons professing any Indian religion...
Jat community, may be because these are Jat rituals not Hindu. For instance, both communities observe the custom of pagri rasam ritual
Rasam Pagri
Rasam Pagri or Rasam Dastar is a social ceremony of North India and Pakistan, common to Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs, conducted upon the death of the oldest male member in a family, in which the oldest surviving male member of the family ties a turban on his head in the presence of the extended...
which consecrates a new head of a family, lineage or clan. The worship of Goga Pir, a local saint is common among both communities, remembering of ancestors. But like other Sunni Muslim
Muslim
A Muslim, also spelled Moslem, is an adherent of Islam, a monotheistic, Abrahamic religion based on the Quran, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God as revealed to prophet Muhammad. "Muslim" is the Arabic term for "submitter" .Muslims believe that God is one and incomparable...
communities in western Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh abbreviation U.P. , is a state located in the northern part of India. With a population of over 200 million people, it is India's most populous state, as well as the world's most populous sub-national entity...
, they have been influenced by the reformist Deobandi
Deobandi
Deobandi is a movement of Sunni Islam. The movement began at Darul Uloom Deoband in Deoband, India, where its foundation was laid on 30 May 1866.-History:...
sect of Sunni Islam
Islam
Islam . The most common are and . : Arabic pronunciation varies regionally. The first vowel ranges from ~~. The second vowel ranges from ~~~...
, as the famous seminary of Deoband
Deoband
Deoband is a city and a municipal board in Saharanpur district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. It is located in the upper Doab region of Uttar Pradesh. Deoband used to be surrounded by dense forests, and was believed to be the abode of the Goddess Durga, according to one tradition this is...
is located in the Muley Jat heartland. Muley jats are also in Pakistan,imigrated after partition and also some were residing prior to partition there.
However they were Hindus earlier but they strictly follows Islam than their Muslims brothers. There most prominent gotras are Khokhars, Chauhan, Rana, etc. of Jat community.
They comprise a large numbered of dispersed intermarrying clans, known as gotra
Gotra
In the Hindu society, the term Gotra broadly refers to people who are descendants in an unbroken male line from a common male ancestor. Panini defines gotra for grammatical purposes as apatyam pautraprabhrti gotram , which means "the word gotra denotes the progeny beginning with the son's son"...
s. These exogamous groups are made up of myriad landholding patrilineages of varying genealogical depth, ritual, and social status sometimes also called biradaries or brotherhoods scattered in the various districts of western Uttar Pradesh. The biradari, or lineage is one of the principal point of reference for the Mulley Jats, and all biradaris claim descent from a common ancestor.Historically the Muley Jat also belonged to the khap
Khap
The Khap and Sarv Khap was a system of social administration and organization in the republics of Northwestern Indian states such as Haryana, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh since ancient times. Khap is a term for a social - political grouping and used in a geographical sense...
s, who comprised a number of biradaries, and marriages with in the khap were not allowed, but this is no longer practiced.
The Muley Jat of India
In IndiaIndia
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
, the Muley Jat are now found in the western parts of the state of Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh abbreviation U.P. , is a state located in the northern part of India. With a population of over 200 million people, it is India's most populous state, as well as the world's most populous sub-national entity...
.The Muley Jat are found mainly in the districts of Saharanpur
Saharanpur District
Saharanpur district is the northernmost of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state, India. Bordering the states of Haryana and Uttarakhand, and close to the foothills of Shivalik range, it lies in the northern part of the Doab region...
, Muzaffarnagar
Muzaffarnagar District
Muzaffarnagar district is a district of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. It is part of Saharanpur division. The town of Muzaffarnagar is the district headquarters.-Communication:...
, Meerut
Meerut District
Meerut district , is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state of India, and Meerut is the district headquarters. Meerut district is a part of Meerut division.-Demographics:...
and Baghpat in Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh abbreviation U.P. , is a state located in the northern part of India. With a population of over 200 million people, it is India's most populous state, as well as the world's most populous sub-national entity...
. In Baghpat District, they are found mainly in several villages near the town of Chaprauli. Important Muley Jat villages include Asara in Baghpat District, and Palra in Muzaffarnagar District
Muzaffarnagar District
Muzaffarnagar district is a district of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. It is part of Saharanpur division. The town of Muzaffarnagar is the district headquarters.-Communication:...
.
Present Circumstances
The community are mainly owner cultivators, with many being substantial landowners, and inhabit villages that are exclusively Muley Jat. Animal husbandry and poultry are also secondary occupations. The Muley Jat have also have a tribal council, known as a khapKhap
The Khap and Sarv Khap was a system of social administration and organization in the republics of Northwestern Indian states such as Haryana, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh since ancient times. Khap is a term for a social - political grouping and used in a geographical sense...
panchayat. Offences that are dealt by the tribal council include adultery, elopement, disputes over land, water and theft. Its is also used maintain a system of social control over members of the community, particularly with regards to marriage. They speak Khari Boli among themselves, and Urdu
Urdu
Urdu is a register of the Hindustani language that is identified with Muslims in South Asia. It belongs to the Indo-European family. Urdu is the national language and lingua franca of Pakistan. It is also widely spoken in some regions of India, where it is one of the 22 scheduled languages and an...
with outsiders.
The Muley Jat are mainly a community of owner cultivators, and have much in common with the other neighbouring Muslim
Muslim
A Muslim, also spelled Moslem, is an adherent of Islam, a monotheistic, Abrahamic religion based on the Quran, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God as revealed to prophet Muhammad. "Muslim" is the Arabic term for "submitter" .Muslims believe that God is one and incomparable...
agrarian caste
Caste
Caste is an elaborate and complex social system that combines elements of endogamy, occupation, culture, social class, tribal affiliation and political power. It should not be confused with race or social class, e.g. members of different castes in one society may belong to the same race, as in India...
s, such as the Ranghar
Ranghar
Ranghar are a Muslim ethnic group, which is found in Sindh and Punjab provinces of Pakistan and Haryana and Uttar Pradesh states of India. Ranghar were native to Indian state of Haryana and also found in the Doab region of Uttar Pradesh, as well as Delhi in India...
and Tyagi Muslim
Tyagi (Muslim)
Muslim Tyagis are a part of the Tyagi community that follows Islam. Tyagis are a mixed Hindu and Muslim Brahmin community of North India and Pakistan. Muslim Tyagis are also known as Mulla Brahmin and in Moradabad District, and they are known as Chaudhry...
. Like the Ranghar
Ranghar
Ranghar are a Muslim ethnic group, which is found in Sindh and Punjab provinces of Pakistan and Haryana and Uttar Pradesh states of India. Ranghar were native to Indian state of Haryana and also found in the Doab region of Uttar Pradesh, as well as Delhi in India...
, the Muley Jat are strictly endogamous, and practice the custom of gotra
Gotra
In the Hindu society, the term Gotra broadly refers to people who are descendants in an unbroken male line from a common male ancestor. Panini defines gotra for grammatical purposes as apatyam pautraprabhrti gotram , which means "the word gotra denotes the progeny beginning with the son's son"...
and village exogamy. Their marriages customs are similar to the wider Jat community.
Nawabs of Karnal
While most Muley Jat were small and medium sized families, the prominent MarhalMarhal
The Marhal, are sometime pronounced Mandal, are a Jat gotra, now found mainly in Punjab, although few are still found in Jarauda in Muzaffarnagar District of Uttar Pradesh. They are one of the larger Muley Jat clans.-History and origin:...
family, which produced the family of the Nawabs of Karnal
Karnal
Karnal is an important city and the headquarters of Karnal District in the Indian state of Haryana.Karnal is said to have been founded by the Kauravas in the Mahabharata era for the king Karna, a mythological hero and a key figure in the epic tale...
, played an important role in the history of post Mughal
Mughal Empire
The Mughal Empire , or Mogul Empire in traditional English usage, was an imperial power from the Indian Subcontinent. The Mughal emperors were descendants of the Timurids...
western Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh abbreviation U.P. , is a state located in the northern part of India. With a population of over 200 million people, it is India's most populous state, as well as the world's most populous sub-national entity...
. They first appear in history in 1780 A,D, when the family was residing at Samana
Samana
-Dominican Republic:*Samaná Province*Samaná, Dominican Republic, or Santa Bárbara de Samaná, the capital of Samaná Province*Samaná Peninsula*Cape Samana on Samaná Peninsula*Samaná Bay, a body of water in the Atlantic next to the Samaná Peninsula...
, and Nawab Majid-ul-daula granted to Nawab Sher-ul-din Khan, their ancestor, the parganas of Muzaffarnagar
Muzaffarnagar
Muzaffarnagar is a major city and a municipal board in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The city was established in Mughal period by a Sayyid Jagirdar, Munawar Lashkar Ali, and so named in honour of his father, Muzaffar Ali Khan. It is the headquarters of the Muzaffarnagar district. It is a...
, Shoran and Chatrawal in the Muzaffarnagar District
Muzaffarnagar District
Muzaffarnagar district is a district of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. It is part of Saharanpur division. The town of Muzaffarnagar is the district headquarters.-Communication:...
on condition that he furnished for Government service 200 horsemen fully equipped ; on the death of the grantee in 1789 the grant was continued on the same terms to his brother Mahomdi Khan by Daulat Rao Scindia. This family produced the first prime minister
Prime minister
A prime minister is the most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system. In many systems, the prime minister selects and may dismiss other members of the cabinet, and allocates posts to members within the government. In most systems, the prime...
of Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...
, Liaquat Ali Khan
Liaquat Ali Khan
For other people with the same or similar name, see Liaqat Ali Nawabzada Liaquat Ali Khan was a Pakistani statesman who became the first Prime Minister of Pakistan, Defence minister and Commonwealth, Kashmir Affairs...
. A good number of Marhal
Marhal
The Marhal, are sometime pronounced Mandal, are a Jat gotra, now found mainly in Punjab, although few are still found in Jarauda in Muzaffarnagar District of Uttar Pradesh. They are one of the larger Muley Jat clans.-History and origin:...
still reside in the town of Jarauda in Muzaffarnagar District
Muzaffarnagar District
Muzaffarnagar district is a district of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. It is part of Saharanpur division. The town of Muzaffarnagar is the district headquarters.-Communication:...
.
Muley Jat of Pakistan
Almost all of the Mulley Jats of the Ambala DivisionAmbala Division
Ambala Division is one of the four divisions of Haryana State of India. The division comprises the districts of Ambala, Kaithal, Kurukshetra, Panchkula and Yamuna Nagar.-See also:*Districts of Haryana*List of villages in Haryana...
, which now forms the state of Haryana
Haryana
Haryana is a state in India. Historically, it has been a part of the Kuru region in North India. The name Haryana is found mentioned in the 12th century AD by the apabhramsha writer Vibudh Shridhar . It is bordered by Punjab and Himachal Pradesh to the north, and by Rajasthan to the west and south...
moved to Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...
after partition in 1947. They historically followed both Hindu
Hindu
Hindu refers to an identity associated with the philosophical, religious and cultural systems that are indigenous to the Indian subcontinent. As used in the Constitution of India, the word "Hindu" is also attributed to all persons professing any Indian religion...
as well as Muslim
Muslim
A Muslim, also spelled Moslem, is an adherent of Islam, a monotheistic, Abrahamic religion based on the Quran, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God as revealed to prophet Muhammad. "Muslim" is the Arabic term for "submitter" .Muslims believe that God is one and incomparable...
customs and could not easily be classified as either Hindu or Muslim. Starting in the early twentieth century, Hindu and Muslim revivalist religious organisations began targeting the community, trying to convert them to their respective faiths. Some of became Arya Samaj
Arya Samaj
Arya Samaj is a Hindu reform movement founded by Swami Dayananda on 10 April 1875. He was a sannyasi who believed in the infallible authority of the Vedas. Dayananda emphasized the ideals of brahmacharya...
ists, others became better Muslims. Many continued to practice their traditional mix of Hindusim and Islam
Islam
Islam . The most common are and . : Arabic pronunciation varies regionally. The first vowel ranges from ~~. The second vowel ranges from ~~~...
.
Then, in 1947 (the partition of India
Partition of India
The Partition of India was the partition of British India on the basis of religious demographics that led to the creation of the sovereign states of the Dominion of Pakistan and the Union of India on 14 and 15...
), the Muley Jat of Haryana
Haryana
Haryana is a state in India. Historically, it has been a part of the Kuru region in North India. The name Haryana is found mentioned in the 12th century AD by the apabhramsha writer Vibudh Shridhar . It is bordered by Punjab and Himachal Pradesh to the north, and by Rajasthan to the west and south...
were faced with an unenviable choice. Hindu
Hindu
Hindu refers to an identity associated with the philosophical, religious and cultural systems that are indigenous to the Indian subcontinent. As used in the Constitution of India, the word "Hindu" is also attributed to all persons professing any Indian religion...
mobs attacked their villages, giving the choice of conversion to Hinduism
Hinduism
Hinduism is the predominant and indigenous religious tradition of the Indian Subcontinent. Hinduism is known to its followers as , amongst many other expressions...
, or to abandon their lands and flee to Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...
.Scores of Muley Jats were killed in the partition
Partition of India
The Partition of India was the partition of British India on the basis of religious demographics that led to the creation of the sovereign states of the Dominion of Pakistan and the Union of India on 14 and 15...
violence. Many more fled across to the newly-created Pakistan. But a small number of remained in their ancestral land. Many of them converted to Hinduism through the Arya Samaj
Arya Samaj
Arya Samaj is a Hindu reform movement founded by Swami Dayananda on 10 April 1875. He was a sannyasi who believed in the infallible authority of the Vedas. Dayananda emphasized the ideals of brahmacharya...
. Some continued being Muslim, in some sense. Some of those who became outwardly Hindu retained their faith in Islam secretly while others lost completely their association with Islam. And there were others who became Hindu for a while and, after peace was restored, turned Muslim again after a few years, such as those of Shahpur Jat in Delhi
Delhi
Delhi , officially National Capital Territory of Delhi , is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest by population in India, next to Mumbai. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16,753,265 inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census...
.
However, the bulk of the Muley Jat moved to Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...
. They have settled down in the districts of Lahore
Lahore
Lahore is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab and the second largest city in the country. With a rich and fabulous history dating back to over a thousand years ago, Lahore is no doubt Pakistan's cultural capital. One of the most densely populated cities in the world, Lahore remains a...
, Sheikhupura
Sheikhupura
Sheikhupura or Shekhupur , formerly Kot Dayal Das or Singhpuria or Virkgarh , is an industrial city in the province of Punjab slightly northwest to Lahore in Pakistan. It is known for its historical places, and is commonly known locally as Qila Shaikhupura, because of the fort in the city,...
, Bhakkar
Bhakkar
Bhakkar is the principal city of Bhakkar District, Punjab, Pakistan. It lies on the left bank of the Indus river. It has a population of almost 300,000 and was given status of district in 1981.-Administration:...
, Bahawalnagar
Bahawalnagar
Bahawalnagar is the capital city of Bahawalnagar District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. As well as being district capital it also the administrative headquarters of the tehsil.-Administration:...
, Okara
Okara District
Okara District is a district of Punjab, Pakistan. The Multan Road connects the district capital, Okara with tLahore 110 km away. Okara began as a small town about 40 km from the city of Sahiwal. It later become a city in its own right. According to the 1998 census, the district had a...
, Layyah
Layyah District
Layyah District is a district in the Punjab, Pakistan. It is located in the southern part of the province. The capital is Layyah.-History:...
, Vehari
Vehari District
Vehari District is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan - the city of Vehari is the capital of the district. The district was created in 1976 out of the three tehsils of Multan District . The name Vehari means low lying settlement by a flood water channel...
, Sahiwal
Sahiwal
Sahiwal is a city in Punjab, Pakistan. It is the administrative centre of Sahiwal District and Sahiwal Division. Sahiwal is approximately 180 km from the major city Lahore and is the city between Lahore and Multan...
and Multan
Multan District
Multan District is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. According to the 1998 census of Pakistan it had a population of 3,116,851 of which 41.64% were urban. Its capital is the city of Multan....
of Punjab
Punjab (Pakistan)
Punjab is the most populous province of Pakistan, with approximately 45% of the country's total population. Forming most of the Punjab region, the province is bordered by Kashmir to the north-east, the Indian states of Punjab and Rajasthan to the east, the Pakistani province of Sindh to the...
. They are also found in Mirpur Khas
Mirpur Khas
Mirpur Khas is a city in the province of Sindh in Pakistan. It is the fifth largest city in the province with an estimated population of 488,590...
and Nawabshah
Nawabshah
Nawabshah , or Shaheed Benazirabad, is a district in the Sindh province of Pakistan. It is headquarter of Shaheed Benazir Abad District...
Districts of Sindh
Sindh
Sindh historically referred to as Ba'ab-ul-Islam , is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhi people. It is also locally known as the "Mehran". Though Muslims form the largest religious group in Sindh, a good number of Christians, Zoroastrians and Hindus can...
. Recent studies of the Muley Jat communities in Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...
have confirmed that they maintain a distinct identity. The Muley Jat continue to speak a Haryanvi dialect which is often called Ranghari, and culturally close the larger Muslim Rajput
Ranghar
Ranghar are a Muslim ethnic group, which is found in Sindh and Punjab provinces of Pakistan and Haryana and Uttar Pradesh states of India. Ranghar were native to Indian state of Haryana and also found in the Doab region of Uttar Pradesh, as well as Delhi in India...
community. They have maintained the system of exogamous marriages, the practice of not marrying with in ones clan, which marks them out from neighbouring Punjabi
Punjabi people
The Punjabi people , ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ), also Panjabi people, are an Indo-Aryan group from South Asia. They are the second largest of the many ethnic groups in South Asia. They originate in the Punjab region, which has been been the location of some of the oldest civilizations in the world including, the...
Muslim
Muslim
A Muslim, also spelled Moslem, is an adherent of Islam, a monotheistic, Abrahamic religion based on the Quran, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God as revealed to prophet Muhammad. "Muslim" is the Arabic term for "submitter" .Muslims believe that God is one and incomparable...
communities, which prefer marriages with first cousins. In districts of Pakpattan
Pakpattan District
Pakpattan District is a district of Punjab Province in Pakistan, Pakpattan is the district capital. According to the 1998 census of Pakistan, it had a population of 1,286,680 of which 14% were urban...
and Okara
Okara District
Okara District is a district of Punjab, Pakistan. The Multan Road connects the district capital, Okara with tLahore 110 km away. Okara began as a small town about 40 km from the city of Sahiwal. It later become a city in its own right. According to the 1998 census, the district had a...
, which have the densest concentrations of Muley Jat, they consist mostly of small peasants, with many serving in the army and police. They maintain an overarching tribal council known as a panchayat, which deals with a number of issues, such as punishments for petty crime or co-operation over village projects. The institution of the khap
Khap
The Khap and Sarv Khap was a system of social administration and organization in the republics of Northwestern Indian states such as Haryana, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh since ancient times. Khap is a term for a social - political grouping and used in a geographical sense...
has disappeared in Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...
.
Major Muley Jat Clans of Haryana
The Census of India in 1911 took a count of all the major clans of the Mulley Jats of HaryanaHaryana
Haryana is a state in India. Historically, it has been a part of the Kuru region in North India. The name Haryana is found mentioned in the 12th century AD by the apabhramsha writer Vibudh Shridhar . It is bordered by Punjab and Himachal Pradesh to the north, and by Rajasthan to the west and south...
, and here is a breakdown starting with the Ambala District
Ambala District
Ambala district is one of the 21 districts of Haryana state in India. Ambala town is the administrative headquarters of the district. The district has an area of 1568.85 km².-History:...
.
-
Tribe Ambala District Ambala DistrictAmbala district is one of the 21 districts of Haryana state in India. Ambala town is the administrative headquarters of the district. The district has an area of 1568.85 km².-History:...
Delhi DelhiDelhi , officially National Capital Territory of Delhi , is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest by population in India, next to Mumbai. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16,753,265 inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census...
DistrictHissar District Karnal District Karnal DistrictKarnal district is one of the 21 districts of Haryana state in northern India. Karnal town is the administrative headquarters of the district. Other major towns in this district are Assandh, Gharaunda, Nilokheri, Indri and Uncha Siwana. This district is part of Rohtak Division.-History:Karnal...
Rohtak District Rohtak DistrictRohtak district is one of the 21 districts of Haryana state in northern India. It is located in the southeast of Haryana and northwest of Delhi, bounded by Jind and Sonipat districts to the north, Jhajjar and Sonipat districts to the east, and Hissar, Sirsa, and Bhiwani districts to the west...
Total Ahlawat AhlawatAhlawat is a clan or gotra of Jats found in Rajasthan, Haryana, Delhi and Uttar Pradesh in Northern India. Are a part of the Kshatriya caste along with the other Jat gotras...
13 15 21 49 Badhan BadhanBadhan may refer to:* Badhan, Sanaag, Somalia* al-Badhan, a Palestinian village in the West Bank* Badhan , a group founded at the University of Dhaka to promote blood donation* Badhan , a clan of the Jat people....
151 151 Bahniwal BahniwalThe Bahniwal are a Jat clan found in the states of Haryana and Punjab in India.According to the tribe's tradition, the Bahniwal are of Chauhan Rajput descent, who are said to have immigrated from Bikaner in Rajasthan to Hissar in the 15th Century. From Hissar, a branch of the tribe settled in...
540 130 670 Baidwan 41 41 Bains Bains (Jat)Bains is a gotra of Jat found in Punjab, India and Punjab, it is also suggest that Wains is an alternate spelling of Bains in Pakistan.-History and origin:There are a number of theories as to the origin of the Bains....
78 78 Bal BalThe Bal surname, of differing origins, is common among several communities.-History and origin:Bals are descendents of Indo-Aryan tribes. According to the Mahabharata they are the descendents of Bhagat Prahlada's grandson Raja Bali .-Distribution in India:*Several people belonging to this Jat...
97 97 Bola 35 35 Chahal 152 77 229 Chanhan 26 26 Dabdal 51 51 Dagar 2 2 Dahiya Dahiya (Jat clan)Dahiya or दहिया, classically called the Dimures , is a clan of Jats and Yaduvanshi Ahirs found in Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab and Uttar Pradesh in India.-Distribution:...
27 27 Dalal DalalDalal is a surname of a family which is mainly found in Bangladesh. This gotra is mainly found in Sirajganj Sirajgonj and Munshiganj Distrit of Bangalsdeh. Dalal is a clan or gotra of Jats found in Bangladesh and India also.In India this gotra is mainly found at Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Delhi...
10 10 Dandiwal DandiwalThe Dandiwal are a Jat clan found in the state of Haryana in India.According to the tribe's tradition, the Dandiwal are of Chauhan Rajput descent, who are said to have immigrated from Jaisalmer in Rajasthan to Sirsa and Hissar in the 15th Century. Like many other Jat clans, in addition to being...
34 34 Dhariwal 202 11 213 Dhaukar 45 45 Deshwal DeshwalDeshwal or Deswal is a gotra or clan of Jats and Ahirs in the states of Punjab, Haryana Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh in India and the province of Punjab in Pakistan.- Origin :...
9 260 19 288 Dhillon 97 11 69 166 Dhindsa DhindsaThe Dhindsa / Dhinda / Dhinsa are found in the Punjab region of India and Pakistan.-History and origin:According to the traditions of the tribe, their original home was Ambala, but they spread as far west as Sialkot, and as far south as Patiala...
17 34 51 Dohan 83 83 Gailan 20 20 Gill Gill (clan)Gill is a gotra/surname of the Jat ethnicity found in Punjab. Though, to westerners, Gill seems like a familiar given name , the Gill surname does not have the same etymological origins. "Gill" stands out to be one of the most popular surnames of the Jat race, with population of Gills being resided...
165 29 17 211 Godara Godara (clan)Godara is a clan or gotra of Jats and Bishnois found in Rajasthan, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Delhi in India. Many have also migrated to Western regions such as Gujarat or Pakistan. They are the descendants of Goha Dutta, a prince of the Mewar dynasty who was adopted by a Brahmin to fight against...
264 264 Gulia GuliaGulia is a gotra or clan of Jats found in mainly in Haryana and Uttar Pradesh in India. There are scattered populations in Punjab, Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Madhya Pradesh. Gulia Jats are Chandravanshi kshatriyas. Its pronounced differently depending on the region...
71 71 Heer Heer (clan)Heer also known as Heir/Haer or Hayer is one among the oldest and purest Jat gotras , along with Maan and Bhullar. It is found in the region of Punjab shared by India and Pakistan...
27 27 Jaglan JaglanJaglan is a gotra of Jats. They are found in Rajasthan, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Punjab- Origin :...
11 11 Kang Kang (tribe)Kang is a gotra of Jats in India and Pakistan.Dilip Singh Ahlawat has mentioned it as one of the ruling Jat clans in Central Asia.- Distribution :...
14 14 Khandi 9 9 Khatri Khatri (Jat)Khatri is a Jat gotra found in North India, mainly in the state of Haryana. A small number of Muslim Khatri Jats are now found in Pakistan. -History and origin:...
21 10 31 Khokhar KhokharThe Khokhar or Khokar are a people of Punjab region of Pakistan and north-western India. According to H. A. Rose they are the gotra of Rajput, Jat, Arain, Nai, and Churah. According to Denzil Ibbetson, they are also a gotra of the Tarkhan and Khatri tribes. The Khokhars were designated as an...
62 62 Lahar 10 10 Lohchab 4 4 Mahla 22 22 Malik Malik (Jat)Malik is a clan of Hindu Jatt, Muslim Jat and a few Sikh Jat, found primarily in Haryana, India, but also found in other Indian states as well as Pakistan. There are both Hindu, Muslim, and Sikh Jats...
724 20 51 795 Maan 207 101 10 328 Mangat MangatFor the Article on Jat clan, see Mangat Mangat is a town and Union Council of Mandi Bahauddin District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is located at 32°31'0N 73°30'0E and has an altitude of 223 metres . Literacy rate is not high in this locality. Farming is main occupation....
255 255 Nain 28 96 124 Narwal 191 191 Panghal PanghalPanghal , classically called the Peucolaïteans , is a Jat clan, found in Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan, India.-Panghals:...
79 150 229 Phogat PhogatOne of the Surname used by people of JAT warrior tribe.There are several variations of spelling depending on local religion and customs....
20 20 Punia PuniaPunia can refer to:*Punia, Lithuania, town in Lithuania*Punia , gotra or clan of Jat people in India...
49 132 13 194 Rathi RathiRathi, Rathee or Rath is a gotra of mainly Gujjars, Jats, Yaduvanshi Ahirs and Rajputs found in Jammu, Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and parts of Madhya Pradesh, India and in Pakistan, Lahore, Sialkot, Gujranwala, Gujarat, Kasur, Shakr Garh, Narowal. In earlier times Rathis...
144 144 Saran Saharan (gotra)Saharan or Sran or Saran is a gotra of jats in Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana and Madhya Pradesh in India and Some districts of Punjab, Pakistan claim from Rajputs still today, Saharan's lineage goes to both Brahmins and Kshatriya Rajput. This is an ancient clan of India and belong to Hindu as...
7 7 Sarai Sarai (tribe)The Sarai are Jat clan found in Punjab, India and Punjab, Pakistan.They are found in Gurdaspur, Amritsar, Jalandhar and Sialkot, as well on the upper and middle Sutlej.-History and origin:...
17 65 82 Sandhu SandhuSandhu or Sindhu is a Jatt of Jat ethnicity found in Iraq, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir in India and also in Pakistan...
240 26 266 Sawaich 40 40 Sehwag (Sihag) 24 24 Sheoran SheoranSheoran or Sheorayan or Shivrain ' is gotra of Jats, who exist mainly in Bhiwani, Hissar in Haryana and Sikar, Jhunjhunu, Jodhpur districts of Rajasthan. They are also found in Aligarh and Rampur and Meerut districts of Uttar Pradesh.-History:Sheoran is a branch of Shivi Jats who ruled in Malwa...
43 43 Sidhu SidhuSidhu is the most influential and prominent Jat/Jatt gotra .The Sidhu clan is mainly found in the Malwa region of Punjab state,Ganganagar district and the province of Punjab in Pakistan...
19 7 26 Sunar 124 124 Waraich 12 12