Monolith

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Monolith

A monolith is a geological feature such as a mountain

Mountain

A mountain is a landform that stretches above the surrounding land in a limited area usually in the form of a peak. A mountain is generally steeper than a hill....
, consisting of a single massive stone

Rock (geology)

In geology, rock is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of minerals and/or mineraloids.The Earth's outer solid layer, the lithosphere, is made of rock....
or rock, or a single piece of rock placed as, or within, a monument. Erosion

Erosion

For morphological image processing operations, see Erosion 'For use of in dermatopathology, see Erosion Erosion is the removal of solids in the natural environment....
usually exposes the geological formations, which are most often made of very hard and solid metamorphic

Metamorphic rock

Metamorphic rock is the result of the transformation of an existing rock type, the protolith, in a process called metamorphism, which means "change in form"....
or igneous rock

Igneous rock

Igneous rock is one of the three main Rock types . Igneous rock is formed by magma being cooled and becoming solid . They may form with or without crystallization, either below the surface as Intrusion rocks or on the surface as extrusive rocks....
.

The word derives from the Latin

Latin

Latin is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Through the Military history of the Roman Empire, Latin spread throughout the Mediterranean and a large part of Europe....
word monolithus from the Greek word µ???????? (monolithos), derived from µ???? ("one" or "single") and ????? ("stone").

ral monoliths are claimed to be the largest on Earth, including:

These claims are rarely backed up by geological information and may be based upon a single dimension such as height or circumference.

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Encyclopedia

A monolith is a geological feature such as a mountain

Mountain

Rock (geology)

Erosion

Metamorphic rock

Metamorphic rock is the result of the transformation of an existing rock type, the protolith, in a process called metamorphism, which means "change in form"....
or igneous rock

Igneous rock

Latin

Geological monoliths

Several monoliths are claimed to be the largest on Earth, including:

Mount Augustus (Burringurrah), in Western Australia
Western Australia

Western Australia is a States and territories of Australia occupying the entire western third of the Australia . The nation's largest state and the second largest subnational entity in the world, it has 2.1 million inhabitants , 85% of whom live in the south-west corner of the state....
Stone Mountain
Stone Mountain

Stone Mountain is a granite dome monadnock in Stone Mountain, Georgia. At its summit, the elevation is 1,686 Foot Above mean sea level and 825 feet above the surrounding area....
, in Stone Mountain Park, Stone Mountain
Stone Mountain, Georgia

Stone Mountain is a city in DeKalb County, Georgia, Georgia , United States. The population was 7,145 at the 2000 census....
, a suburb of Atlanta, Georgia
Georgia (U.S. state)

Georgia is a U.S. state in the United States and was one of the original Thirteen Colonies that revolted against United Kingdom rule in the American Revolution....
, USA
Uluru (Ayers Rock)
Uluru

Uluru, also referred to as Ayers Rock, is a large sandstone rock formation in the southern part of the Northern Territory, central Australia....
, Northern Territory
Northern Territory

The Northern Territory is a federal states and territories of Australia of Australia, occupying much of the centre of the mainland continent, as well as the central northern regions....
, Australia
Australia

Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the southern hemisphere comprising the Australia of the world's smallest continent, the major island of Tasmania, and numerous list of islands of Australia in the Indian Ocean and Pacific Oceans....
Pine Mountain, Victoria
Pine Mountain, Victoria

Pine Mountain is a gigantic monolith, said to be 1.5 times bigger than Uluru, situated in the Burrowa-Pine Mountain National Park in Australia....
, Australia
Australia

Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the southern hemisphere comprising the Australia of the world's smallest continent, the major island of Tasmania, and numerous list of islands of Australia in the Indian Ocean and Pacific Oceans....
El Capitan
El Capitan

El Capitan is a vertical rock formation in Yosemite National Park, located on the north side of Yosemite Valley, near its western end. The granite monolith is one of the world's favorite challenges for rock climbers....
, Yosemite National Park
Yosemite National Park

Yosemite National Park is a National Park Service located in the eastern portions of Tuolumne County, California, Mariposa County, California and Madera County, California counties in east central California, United States....
, California
California

California is a U.S. state on the West Coast of the United States of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. It is bordered by Oregon to the north, Nevada to the east, Arizona to the southeast, and to the south the Mexico state of Baja California....
, United States
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
Pao de Acucar, Brazil
Brazil

Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is a country in South America. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, occupying nearly half of South America, the List of countries by population country, and the fourth most populous democracy in the world....
La Peña de Bernal
La Peña de Bernal

Pe?a de Bernal is the second-largest monolith in the world, after Mount Augustus National Park, Western Australia. At 350 meters it is also the fourth-tallest monolith in the world, after Mount Augustus, the Rock of Gibraltar and Sugarloaf Mountain, Brazil....
, in Mexico
Mexico

The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federalism constitutionalism republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico....
, claims to be the second largest.

These claims are rarely backed up by geological information and may be based upon a single dimension such as height or circumference. Height may be measured above sea level or the surrounding ground.

Other large, well-known monoliths include:

Africa

Ben Amera
Ben Amera

Ben Amera is a large monolith. According to some sources it is the second largest monolith in the world after Uluru . It is located in Mauritania, close to the border with Western Sahara....
, Mauritania
Mauritania

Mauritania , officially the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, is a country in northwest Africa. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean on the west, by Senegal on the southwest, by Mali on the east and southeast, by Algeria on the northeast, and by the Morocco-controlled Western Sahara on the northwest....
Brandberg Mountain
Brandberg Mountain

The Brandberg , is Namibia's highest mountain....
, Namibia
Namibia

Namibia, officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country in southern Africa on the Atlantic Ocean coast. It shares borders with Angola and Zambia to the north, Botswana to the east, and South Africa to the south....
Aso Rock
Aso Rock

Aso Rock is a large outcrop that is in the outskirts of Abuja, the capital of Nigeria. The Aso Rock is a 400 metre monolith and is the city's most noticeable feature....
, Nigeria
Nigeria

Nigeria, officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federation constitutional republic comprising States of Nigeria and one Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria....
Zuma Rock
Zuma Rock

Zuma Rock is a large monolith located in Niger State, Nigeria. It is just north of Nigeria's capital Abuja, along the main road from Abuja to Kaduna, and is sometimes referred to as "Gateway to Abuja." It is most recognized because of the face of a person on the monolith, and is depicted on the 100 Nigerian naira bill....
, Nigeria
Nigeria

Nigeria, officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federation constitutional republic comprising States of Nigeria and one Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria....

Antarctica

Scullin monolith
Scullin monolith

Scullin Monolith is a crescent-shaped rock fronting the sea 4 miles west of Torlyn Mountain in Mac Robertson Land. Early in January 1930 the British Australian New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition under Douglas Mawson made an aerial flight from the ship area....
Leargh Rock

Asia

Savandurga
Savandurga

Savandurga is a hill 33 km west of Bangalore off the Magadi road , in India. The hill is famous for a temple and is also believed to be among the largest monolith hills in the world....
Madhugiri Betta
Gilbert Hill
Gilbert Hill

Gilbert Hill is a monolith column of black basalt rock in Andheri, in Mumbai, India. The rock has a sheer vertical face and was formed when molten lava was squeezed out of the earth's clefts during the Mesozoic about 65 million years ago....

Australia

Bald Rock, near Tenterfield, New South Wales
New South Wales

New South Wales is Australia's oldest and most populous States and territories of Australia, located in the south-east of the country, north of Victoria and south of Queensland....
Mount Augustus (Burringurrah), in Western Australia
Western Australia

Western Australia is a States and territories of Australia occupying the entire western third of the Australia . The nation's largest state and the second largest subnational entity in the world, it has 2.1 million inhabitants , 85% of whom live in the south-west corner of the state....
Mount Coolum, Queensland
Queensland

Queensland is a States and territories of Australia of Australia, occupying the north-eastern section of the mainland continent. It is bordered by the Northern Territory to the west, South Australia to the south-west and New South Wales to the south....
Mount Wudinna, near Wudinna
Wudinna, South Australia

Wudinna is a town in South Australia. The area was first settled in 1861. It was proclaimed a town in 1916. It is on the Eyre Highway across the top of Eyre Peninsula....
, South Australia
South Australia

South Australia is a States and territories of Australia of Australia in the southern central part of the country. It covers some of the most arid parts of the continent; with a total land area of , it is the fourth largest of Australia's six states and two territories....
Kokerbin Rock, Western Australia
Western Australia

Western Australia is a States and territories of Australia occupying the entire western third of the Australia . The nation's largest state and the second largest subnational entity in the world, it has 2.1 million inhabitants , 85% of whom live in the south-west corner of the state....
Uluru (Ayers Rock)
Uluru

Uluru, also referred to as Ayers Rock, is a large sandstone rock formation in the southern part of the Northern Territory, central Australia....
, Northern Territory
Northern Territory

The Northern Territory is a federal states and territories of Australia of Australia, occupying much of the centre of the mainland continent, as well as the central northern regions....
, Australia
Australia

Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the southern hemisphere comprising the Australia of the world's smallest continent, the major island of Tasmania, and numerous list of islands of Australia in the Indian Ocean and Pacific Oceans....

Europe

Frau Holle Stone, near Fulda
Fulda

Fulda is a city in Hesse, Germany; it is located on the Fulda River and is the administrative seat of the Fulda ....
, Germany
Germany

Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
Humber Stone, Humberstone
Humberstone

Humberstone is an urban village in Leicester, England. It is in the east of the city, and grew in the industrial revolution outside the borders of the city....
, near Leicester, England.
King Arthur's Stone (Cornwall)
Logan Stone (Trereen, Cornwall)
Odin Stone (Stenhouse
Stenhouse

Stenhouse is a suburb of Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland. It lies to the West of the City Centre, close to Broomhouse and Sighthill, Edinburgh. It is a mainly residential area. It is beside Saughton....
, Orkney; destroyed in 1814)
Peñon de Ifach
Natural Park of Peñón de Ifach

Natural Park of Pe??n de Ifach is a natural park situated in Calpe, in the Valencian Community of Spain.A massive limestone outcrop rising out of the sea, with exclusive endemic plants and over 300 species of animals, including colonies of sea birds that use it as a nesting area....
Calpe
Calpe

Calpe is the Spanish language translation of Calp ), a coastal town located in the Comarques of the Valencian Community of Marina Alta, in the province of Alicante , Spain, by the Mediterranean Sea....
, Spain
Spain

Spain or the Kingdom of Spain , is a country located in Southern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.The Spanish constitution does not establish any official denomination of the country, even though Espa?a , Estado espa?ol and Naci?n espa?ola are used interchangeably....
Rock of Gibraltar
Rock of Gibraltar

The Rock of Gibraltar is a monolithic limestone promontory located in Gibraltar, off the southwestern tip of Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. It is 426 metres high....
, Gibraltar
Gibraltar

Gibraltar is a British overseas territory located near the southernmost tip of the Iberian Peninsula overlooking the Strait of Gibraltar. The territory shares a border with Spain to the north....

North America

Beacon Rock, Columbia River Gorge
Columbia River Gorge

The Columbia River Gorge is a canyon of the Columbia River in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. Up to deep, the canyon stretches for over as the river winds westward through the Cascade Range forming the boundary between the State of Washington to the north and Oregon to the south....
, Washington
Washington

Washington is a U.S. state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Washington was carved out of the western part of Washington Territory which had been ceded by Britain in 1846 by the Oregon Treaty as settlement of the Oregon Boundary Dispute....
, United States
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
Bottleneck Peak and Moon
Bottleneck Peak and Moon

Bottleneck Peak is a natural monolith located on the eastern side of Sids Mountain in the Utah San Rafael Swell wilderness area....
, Sids Mountain, Utah
Utah

The State of Utah is a western United States U.S. state of the United States. It was the List of U.S. states by date of statehood admitted to the United States on January 4, 1896....
, United States
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
Devils Tower National Monument
Devils Tower National Monument

Devils Tower is a monolithic igneous rock intrusion or volcanic neck located in the Black Hills near Hulett, Wyoming and Sundance, Wyoming in Crook County, Wyoming, northeastern Wyoming, above the Belle Fourche River....
, Wyoming
Wyoming

The State of Wyoming is a sparsely populated U.S. state in the Northwestern United States of the United States. The majority of the state is dominated by the mountain ranges and rangelands of the Rocky Mountains, while the easternmost section of the state is a high altitude prairie region known as the High Plains ....
, United States
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
El Capitan
El Capitan

El Capitan is a vertical rock formation in Yosemite National Park, located on the north side of Yosemite Valley, near its western end. The granite monolith is one of the world's favorite challenges for rock climbers....
, Yosemite National Park
Yosemite National Park

Yosemite National Park is a National Park Service located in the eastern portions of Tuolumne County, California, Mariposa County, California and Madera County, California counties in east central California, United States....
, California
California

California is a U.S. state on the West Coast of the United States of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. It is bordered by Oregon to the north, Nevada to the east, Arizona to the southeast, and to the south the Mexico state of Baja California....
, United States
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
Enchanted Rock
Enchanted Rock

Enchanted Rock is an enormous pink granite Intrusion located in the Llano Uplift approximately north of Fredericksburg, Texas, Texas, USA and south of Llano, Texas....
, Llano County
Llano County, Texas

Llano County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2000, its population was 17,044. Its county seat is Llano, Texas, and the county is named for the Llano River....
, Texas
Texas

Texas is a U.S. state located in the South Central United States, nicknamed the Lone Star State. Texas is the second largest U.S. state in both area and population, spanning , and with a growing population of 24.3 million residents....
, United States
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
Haystack Rock
Haystack Rock

File:Haystack rock 00022.jpgHaystack Rock is a 235-foot tall monolith on the Oregon coast in the northwestern United States, the third-tallest such structure in the world....
, Clatsop County
Clatsop County, Oregon

Clatsop County...
, Oregon
Oregon

Oregon is a U.S. state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. The area was inhabited by many indigenous tribes before the arrival of traders, explorers and settlers....
, United States
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
Looking Glass Rock
Looking Glass Rock

Looking Glass Rock is a pluton monolith in the Appalachian Mountains of Western North Carolina. The mountain is located within Pisgah National Forest about 5.5 miles northwest of Brevard, North Carolina and 25 miles southwest of Asheville, North Carolina....
, Transylvania County
Transylvania County, North Carolina

Transylvania County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of 2000, the population was 29,334. Its county seat is Brevard, North Carolina....
, North Carolina
North Carolina

North Carolina is a U.S. state located on the Atlantic Seaboard in the southeastern United States. The state borders South Carolina and Georgia to the south, Tennessee to the west and Virginia to the north....
, United States
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
Peña de Bernal, Querétaro
Querétaro

Quer?taro is a state in the center of M?xico.Its capital is the city of Santiago de Quer?taro, although in general parlance the name "Quer?taro" is used for both the city and the state....
, Mexico
Mexico

The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federalism constitutionalism republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico....
Petroforms, Manitoba
Manitoba

Manitoba is a prairie provinces in Canada, which has an area of 647,797 square kilometres and a population of 1,207,959 , with more than half located within the Winnipeg Capital Region ....
, Canada
Canada

Canada is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean....
, Wisconsin
Wisconsin

Wisconsin is one of the fifty U.S. state in the United States of America, located in the north central part of the United States. It borders two of the five Great Lakes and four U.S....
, USA
Stawamus Chief
Stawamus Chief

The Stawamus Chief is a granite dome located adjacent to the town of Squamish, British Columbia. It towers over above the waters of nearby Howe Sound....
, Squamish, British Columbia
British Columbia

British Columbia is the westernmost of Canada's Provinces and territories of Canada and is famed for its natural beauty, as reflected in its Latin motto, Splendor sine occasu ....
, Canada
Canada

Canada is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean....
Stone Mountain
Stone Mountain

Stone Mountain is a granite dome monadnock in Stone Mountain, Georgia. At its summit, the elevation is 1,686 Foot Above mean sea level and 825 feet above the surrounding area....
, Stone Mountain, Georgia
Stone Mountain, Georgia

Stone Mountain is a city in DeKalb County, Georgia, Georgia , United States. The population was 7,145 at the 2000 census....
, United States
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...

South America

Torres del Paine, Chile
Chile

Chile, officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow coastal strip wedged between the Andes mountains and the Pacific Ocean....
Pao de Acucar, Brazil
Brazil

Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is a country in South America. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, occupying nearly half of South America, the List of countries by population country, and the fourth most populous democracy in the world....
El Penol,Colombia
Colombia

Colombia , officially the Republic of Colombia , is a country in north-western South America. Colombia is bordered to the east by Venezuela and Brazil; to the south by Ecuador and Peru; to the north by the Caribbean Sea; to the north west by Panama; and to the west by the Pacific Ocean....

Many of these have legends attached.

Monumental monoliths

A structure which has been excavated as a unit from a surrounding matrix or outcropping of rock.

Top stone on the Mausoleum of Theodoric
Mausoleum of Theodoric

The Mausoleum of Theodoric is an ancient monument just outside Ravenna, Italy. It was built in 520 by Theodoric the Great as his future tomb....
, Ravenna
Ravenna

Ravenna is a city and comune in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. The city is inland, but is connected to the Adriatic Sea by a canal. Ravenna once served as the seat of the Western Roman Empire and later the Ostrogoths and the Exarchate of Ravenna....
Aztec calendar
Aztec calendar

The Aztec calendar is the calendar system that was used by the Aztecs as well as other Pre-Columbian peoples of central Mexico. It is one of the Mesoamerican calendars, sharing the basic structure of calendars from throughout ancient Mesoamerica....
"Stone of the Sun"
Stonehenge
Stonehenge

Stonehenge is a prehistoric monument located in the England county of Wiltshire, about west of Amesbury and north of Salisbury. One of the most famous sites in the world, Stonehenge is composed of Earthworks surrounding a circular setting of large standing stones and sits at the centre of the densest complex of Neolithic and Bronze Age mon...
contains several
Ellora Caves
Ellora Caves

Ellora is an archaeological site, 30 km from the city of Aurangabad, Maharashtra in the Indian States and territories of India of Maharashtra built by the Rashtrakuta Dynasty....
- UNESCO World Heritage Site
Gomateswara or Lord Bahubali
Bahubali

According to Jainism Scriptures, Bahubali was the second of the one hundred sons of the first Tirthankara, Lord Rishabha and king of Podanpur. ...
at Sravanabelagola, Karnataka
Karnataka

Karnataka is a States and territories of India in the southern part of India. It was Unification of Karnataka on November 1, 1956, with the passing of the States Reorganisation Act....
Runestones
Stone circle
Stone circle

A stone circle is an ancient monument. Such a monument is not always precisely circular and often forms an ellipse, or a setting of four stones laid on an arc of a circle....
Standing stones
Stelae
Obelisk
Obelisk

An obelisk An Obelisks is a tall, narrow, four-sided, tapering monument which ends in a pyramid like shape at the top. Ancient obelisks were made of a single piece of stone, a monolith; however, most modern obelisks are made of individual stones, and can even have interior spaces....
s - see this article for a list
Ogham Stone, Dingle Peninsula
Dingle Peninsula

The Dingle Peninsula is located in County Kerry and is the most westerly point of Ireland....
, Ireland
Ireland

Ireland is the List of islands by area in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world. It lies to the north-west of continental Europe and is surrounded by hundreds of islands and islet....
Adam and Eve Stones, Avebury
Avebury

Avebury is the site of a large henge and several stone circles in the England county of Wiltshire surrounding the village of Avebury . It is one of the finest and largest Neolithic monuments in Europe dating to around 5,000 years ago....
, Wiltshire
Wiltshire

Wiltshire is a Ceremonial counties of England in the South West England of England. It is landlocked and borders the counties of Dorset, Somerset, Hampshire, Gloucestershire, Oxfordshire and Berkshire....
, England
England

native_name =|conventional_long_name = England|common_name = England|image_flag = Flag of England.svg|image_coat = England COA.svg|symbol_type = Royal Coat of Arms...
Manzanar National Historic Landmark, USA
Vijayanagara Empire#Architecture
Vijayanagara Empire

The Vijayanagara Empire was a South Indian empire based in the Deccan Plateau. Established in 1336 by Harihara I and his brother Bukka Raya I, it lasted until 1646 although its power declined after a major military defeat in 1565 by the Deccan sultanates....
medieval South Indian carved examples

External links

- Regarding Uluru/Ayers Rock and earlier representations of it as the largest monolith -

Monolith

Geological monoliths

Africa

Antarctica

Asia

Australia

Europe

North America

South America

Monumental monoliths

See also

External links