Moltke's Mansion
Encyclopedia
The Moltke's Mansion is a town mansion on the corner of Bredgade
Bredgade
Bredgade is one of the most prominent streets in Copenhagen, Denmark. Running in a straight line from Kongens Nytorv for just under one kilometre to the intersection of Esplanaden and Grønningen, it is one of the major streets in Frederiksstaden, a Rococo district laid out in the middle of the...

 and Dronningens Tværgade
Dronningens Tværgade
Dronningens Tværgade is a street in central Copenhagen, Denmark, which runs from Bredgade to Rosenborg Castle Garden. With the Odd Fellows Mansion on Bredgade and the central pavilions of the east fringe of the castle garden located at each their end, the street has axial qualities...

 in Copenhagen
Copenhagen
Copenhagen is the capital and largest city of Denmark, with an urban population of 1,199,224 and a metropolitan population of 1,930,260 . With the completion of the transnational Øresund Bridge in 2000, Copenhagen has become the centre of the increasingly integrating Øresund Region...

, Denmark
Denmark
Denmark is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. The countries of Denmark and Greenland, as well as the Faroe Islands, constitute the Kingdom of Denmark . It is the southernmost of the Nordic countries, southwest of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. Denmark...

. It is one of several town mansions in Frederiksstaden
Frederiksstaden
Frederiksstaden is a district in Copenhagen, Denmark. Constructed during the reign of Frederick V in the second half of the 18th century and it is considered to be one of the most important rococo complexes in Europe....

, although it actually predates the neighbourhood by half a century. It was built for Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve between 1700 and 1702 and was originally known as Gyldenløve's Little Mansion (in contrast to his larger mansion, now known as Charlottenborg Palace
Charlottenborg Palace
Charlottenborg Palace is a large town mansion located on the corner of Kongens Nytorv and Nyhavn in Copenhagen, Denmark. Originally built as a residence for Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve, it has served as the base of the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts since its foundation in 1754...

, at Kongens Nytorv
Kongens Nytorv
Kongens Nytorv is a public square in Copenhagen, Denmark, centrally located at the end of the pedestrian street Strøget. The finest and largest square of the city, it was laid out by Christian V in 1670 in connection with a major extension of the fortified city, and has an equestrian statue of...

). It received its current name in 1842, after it was acquired by Adam Wilhelm Moltke
Adam Wilhelm Moltke
Count Adam Wilhelm Moltke was Prime Minister of Denmark from 1848 to 1852. He was the first Danish Prime Minister in the Danish constitutional monarchy outlined in 1848 and signed as the Danish Constitution on 5 June 1849 by Frederik VII of Denmark.Adam Wilhelm Moltke was the grandson of Adam...

, the first Danish Prime Minister under the Danish constitutional monarchy
Constitutional monarchy
Constitutional monarchy is a form of government in which a monarch acts as head of state within the parameters of a constitution, whether it be a written, uncodified or blended constitution...

.

The Baroque
Baroque architecture
Baroque architecture is a term used to describe the building style of the Baroque era, begun in late sixteenth century Italy, that took the Roman vocabulary of Renaissance architecture and used it in a new rhetorical and theatrical fashion, often to express the triumph of the Catholic Church and...

 mansion has rich sandstone decorations featuring elephants and lion heads and is also notable for its interior decorations by Erik Pauelsen
Erik Pauelsen
Erik Pauelsen was a Danish painter. He is most notable for his landscapes and was also a popular portraitist. However, he did not experience the same level of succes as Jens Juel and Nicolai Abildgaard, his contemporaries, and in 1790 he committed suicide.-Biography:Erik Pauelsen was born in...

.

Gyldenløve's Little Mansion

A house was built on the site in the 1680s by Jørgen Henriksen Gosebuch. It was acquired by Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve, the illegitimate son of King Frederick III
Frederick III of Denmark
Frederick III was king of Denmark and Norway from 1648 until his death. He instituted absolute monarchy in Denmark and Norway in 1660, confirmed by law in 1665 as the first in western historiography. He was born the second-eldest son of Christian IV of Denmark and Anne Catherine of Brandenburg...

, who demolished it and had a new mansion built in its place. Built by Ernst Brandenburger
Ernst Brandenburger
Ernst Brandenburger was a Danish master builder and entrepreneur who, through his collaboration with Christof Marselis and Wilhelm Friedrich von Platen, left his mark on Danish Baroque architecture during the early reign of King Frederick IV.-History:Brandenburger was engaged as master builder...

 from 1700 to 1702, it became coloqually known as "Gyldenløve's little mansion" as opposed to "Gyldenløve's large mansion", later known as Charlottenborg Palace
Charlottenborg Palace
Charlottenborg Palace is a large town mansion located on the corner of Kongens Nytorv and Nyhavn in Copenhagen, Denmark. Originally built as a residence for Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve, it has served as the base of the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts since its foundation in 1754...

, at Kongens Nytorv
Kongens Nytorv
Kongens Nytorv is a public square in Copenhagen, Denmark, centrally located at the end of the pedestrian street Strøget. The finest and largest square of the city, it was laid out by Christian V in 1670 in connection with a major extension of the fortified city, and has an equestrian statue of...

. The house was located in New Copenhagen, the area which had been incorporated into the fortified city when the East Rampart was straightened in 1647, but in a marshy area which had still seen little redevelopment. Sophie Amalienborg
Sophie Amalienborg
Sophie Amalienborg was a pleasure palace roughly located where Amalienborg Palace stands today in Copenhagen, Denmark. It was built by Queen Consort Sophie Amalie who lived there until her death in 1685 after her husband, King Frederick III, died a few years prior to its completion.It burnt down to...

, a royal pavilion for entertainment, had been located close by but it burned down in 1689, although it was re-built to a smaller design around the same time as Gyldenløve completed his mansion.

Danneskiold-Laurvig era

Upon Gyldenløve's death in 1704, the property was passed on to his son, Count Ferdinand Anton Danneskiold-Laurvig
Ferdinand Anton Danneskiold-Laurvig
Ferdinand Anton Danneskiold-Laurvig was a Danish count, Gehejmekonferensråd and director of the Danish West India Company from 1723.-Biography:...

, who owned it until his death in 1754. Under his ownership, the mansion was altered between 1716 and 1723 by Johan Cornelius Krieger
Johan Cornelius Krieger
Johan Cornelius Krieger was a Danish architect and landscape architect, who from the 1720s served as both the country's chief architect, and head of the royal gardens....

. When Frederiksstaden
Frederiksstaden
Frederiksstaden is a district in Copenhagen, Denmark. Constructed during the reign of Frederick V in the second half of the 18th century and it is considered to be one of the most important rococo complexes in Europe....

 was founded a few years prior to Danneskiold-Laurvig's death, a number of mansions were built in the area, particularly along Bredgade
Bredgade
Bredgade is one of the most prominent streets in Copenhagen, Denmark. Running in a straight line from Kongens Nytorv for just under one kilometre to the intersection of Esplanaden and Grønningen, it is one of the major streets in Frederiksstaden, a Rococo district laid out in the middle of the...

, one of the new district's main arteries, gradually urbanizing the environs.

The next owner was F. L. Danneskiold-Laurvigen, Danneskiold-Laurvig's oldest son, but after his death in 1762 his widow sold the house to his brother.

The mansion then became the focal point of a minor scandal when the brother, Count Christian Conrad Danneskiold-Laurvigen, abducted a young actress, Mette Marie Rose, whom he had fallen for, and hid her in the house. Whether it was because the girl or her father disapproved of the liaison remains unclear but King Frederick V
Frederick V of Denmark
Frederick V was king of Denmark and Norway from 1746, son of Christian VI of Denmark and Sophia Magdalen of Brandenburg-Kulmbach.-Early life:...

 was infuriated by the affair and Danneskiold-Laurvigen was sent exiled to his fief in Norway
Norway
Norway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of and a population of about 4.9 million...

 and had to pay a penalty of 10,000 Danish rigsdaler
Danish rigsdaler
The rigsdaler was the name of several currencies used in Denmark until 1873. The similarly named Reichsthaler, riksdaler and rijksdaalder were used in Germany and Austria-Hungary, Sweden and the Netherlands, respectively....

 to a noble cause plus an annual compensation to the girl.

Residence of a merchant and a queen

When Conrad Danneskiold-Laurvigen died in Norway in 1783, the mansion was acquired by Frédéric de Coninck
Frédéric de Coninck
Frederic de Coninck was a Dutch merchant active in Copenhagen, to which he moved in 1763 to set up a foreign trade and shipping company. He became one of Denmark's largest shipping owners, with a fleet of 64 vessels at the company's height...

 and Niels Lunde Reiersen, two affluent business partners who had created a large trading company with a fleet of 70 ships. De Coninck, who lived in the mansion from 1784 to 1793, carried out costly alterations of the interiors.

After the Fire of Christiansborg Palace
Christiansborg Palace (1st)
The first Christiansborg Palace was built in Copenhagen by Christian VI of Denmark as a new main residence for the Danish monarch to replace the antiquated Copenhagen Castle which had assumed a monstrous appearance and started to crumble after several extensions...

 in 1794 the royal family was left homeless. While the rest of the family took up residence in Amalienborg Palace
Amalienborg Palace
Amalienborg Palace is the winter home of the Danish royal family, and is located in Copenhagen, Denmark. It consists of four identical classicizing palace façades with rococo interiors around an octagonal courtyard ; in the centre of the square is a monumental equestrian statue of Amalienborg's...

, until then four aristocratic mansions, Dowager Queen Juliana Maria
Juliana Maria of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
Duchess Juliane Marie of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel , , was queen of Denmark between 1752 and 1766, second consort of king Frederick V of Denmark and Norway, mother of the prince-regent Hereditary Prince Frederick of Denmark and Norway and herself de facto regent 1772–1784.- Early life and queen :Born...

, widow of King Frederick V, bought de Coninck's mansion in Bredgade and lived there until her death two years later.

Golden Age venue

After the dowager queen's death, the mansion was acquired by another affluent merchant, Constantin Brun
Constantin Brun
Johan Christian Constantin Brun was a German-Danish. Born in Germany, came to Denmark as Royal administrator of the trade on the Danish West Indies and in the same time built a successful private trading empire during the early Napoleonic Wars of the late 18th century, profiting on Denmark's...

, a German
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...

 trader who had become royal administrator of trade in the Danish West Indies
Danish West Indies
The Danish West Indies or "Danish Antilles", were a colony of Denmark-Norway and later Denmark in the Caribbean. They were sold to the United States in 1916 in the Treaty of the Danish West Indies and became the United States Virgin Islands in 1917...

 and was also building a successful private trading empire. His wife was the writer and salonist Friederike Brun
Friederike Brun
Friederike Brun, née Münther , was a Danish author and salonist.She was married to the affluent merchant Constantin Brun and during the Danish Golden Age of the first half of the 19th century she arranged literary salons at Sophienholm, their summer retreat north of Copenhagen.-Early...

 who had a large international network which included prominent names such as Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe was a German writer, pictorial artist, biologist, theoretical physicist, and polymath. He is considered the supreme genius of modern German literature. His works span the fields of poetry, drama, prose, philosophy, and science. His Faust has been called the greatest long...

, Friedrich Schiller
Friedrich Schiller
Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller was a German poet, philosopher, historian, and playwright. During the last seventeen years of his life , Schiller struck up a productive, if complicated, friendship with already famous and influential Johann Wolfgang von Goethe...

, August Wilhelm Schlegel, Johann Gottfried Herder
Johann Gottfried Herder
Johann Gottfried von Herder was a German philosopher, theologian, poet, and literary critic. He is associated with the periods of Enlightenment, Sturm und Drang, and Weimar Classicism.-Biography:...

, Wilhelm Grimm
Wilhelm Grimm
Wilhelm Carl Grimm was a German author, the younger of the Brothers Grimm.-Life and work:...

, Bertel Thorvaldsen
Bertel Thorvaldsen
Bertel Thorvaldsen was a Danish-Icelandic sculptor of international fame, who spent most of his life in Italy . Thorvaldsen was born in Copenhagen into a Danish/Icelandic family of humble means, and was accepted to the Royal Academy of Arts when he was eleven years old...

, and the Swiss
Switzerland
Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....

 female writer Madame de Staël with whom she formed a close friendship. Her literary saoln
Salon (gathering)
A salon is a gathering of people under the roof of an inspiring host, held partly to amuse one another and partly to refine taste and increase their knowledge of the participants through conversation. These gatherings often consciously followed Horace's definition of the aims of poetry, "either to...

s mainly took place at Sophienholm
Sophienholm
Sophienholm is a former country house and exhibition venue located north on the shore of Lake Bagsværd in Lyngby-Taarbæk Municipality in the northern outskirts of Copenhagen, Denmark....

 during the summer season but in winter time at the mansion in Bredgade. Among the Danish artists who regularly attended her salons were Jens Baggesen
Jens Immanuel Baggesen
Jens Immanuel Baggesen was a Danish poet.-Early life and education:Baggesen was born at Korsør. His parents were very poor, and before he was twelve he was sent to copy documents at the office of the clerk of the district. He was a melancholy, feeble child, and before this he had attempted suicide...

, Adam Oehlenschläger, Johanne Luise Heiberg
Johanne Luise Heiberg
Johanne Luise Heiberg was one of the greatest Danish actresses of the 19th century. She is most famous for her work at the Royal Theatre in Copenhagen, where she achieved great success.-Early life:...

, C.E.F Weyse, B. S. Ingemann
Bernhard Severin Ingemann
Bernhard Severin Ingemann was a Danish novelist and poet.Ingemann was born in Thorkildstrup, on the island of Falster, Denmark. The son of a vicar, he was left fatherless in his youth. While a student at the University of Copenhagen he published his first collection of poems Bernhard Severin...

 and Kamma Rahbek
Kamma Rahbek
Kamma Rahbek , née Heger , was a Danish artist, salonist and lady of letters....

.

In 1836, after the Bruns died within a few month of each other, the mansion was purchased by Heinrich Lütthans who was a lieutenant-colonel in the Civic Guard. He was bourgeois through and through, but nevertheless continued the tradition of playing host to aristocrats. Their home also exerted a special pull on young students from the nearby Regensen dormitory due to the family’s five pretty daughters. Regular guests included the poet Christian Winther
Christian Winther
Rasmus Villads Christian Ferdinand Winther , was a Danish lyric poet.He was born at Fensmark near Næstved, where his father was the vicar. He went to the University of Copenhagen in 1815, and studied theology, taking his degree in 1824. He began to publish verse in 1819, but no collected volume...

, who eventually married the oldest daughter of the house, Julie, after repeated complications.

Moltke era

When Heinrich Lütthans died, Moltke who had been Prime Minister of Denmark from 1848 to 1852, was now a member of the Landstinget as well as a large landowner. His family had lacked a suitable home in the city after ceding their previous mansion, one of the four Amalienborg mansions, to the royal family. Their old residence had been known as Moltke's Mansion and this name was transferred to their new property. After the harvests at Bregentved Manor and other family holdings, he would move his entire household to Copenhagen.

From 1878 to 1880 the mansion was extended with seven bays along Dronningens Tværgade by the architect Theodor Zeltner. On the top storey, a skylit gallery was built for Moltke’s extensive and valuable art collection. The collection was opened to the public.

Over the next generations, the mansion stayed in the Moltke family but with advances in infrastructure and technology the need for a Copenhagen home became less evident. In the 1920s, the journey from Bregentved to Copenhagen, which had previously taken two days by carriage, could be made in less two hours, and business could often be handled by telephone.

The Moltkes therefore decided to dispose of Moltke's Mansion and in 1930 it was sold to the Craftsmen’s Guild in Copenhagen.

Craftsmen’s Guild of Copenhagen

One year after acquiring Moltke's Mansion, the guild also pruchased the neighbouring property, at 41 Bredgade, which was also owned by the Moltkes, and embarked on another expansion of the old property, building a new wing with an assembly hall.

Architecture

The mansion is built in the Baroque
Baroque architecture
Baroque architecture is a term used to describe the building style of the Baroque era, begun in late sixteenth century Italy, that took the Roman vocabulary of Renaissance architecture and used it in a new rhetorical and theatrical fashion, often to express the triumph of the Catholic Church and...

 style and consists of two floors and a cellar. The main facade on Bredgade is nine bays long with giant pilasters in the centre. The side on Dronningens Tværgade was originally considerably shorter but was extended by seven bays at the end of the 19th century in a style matching the rest of the building.

The rich sandstone decorations, with elephants, lion's heads and flowering vines, and the balustrade with sculptures date from Krieger
Johan Cornelius Krieger
Johan Cornelius Krieger was a Danish architect and landscape architect, who from the 1720s served as both the country's chief architect, and head of the royal gardens....

's alterations.

Interior

The mansion contains the Dronninggaard Salon which was decorated by the artist Erik Pauelsen
Erik Pauelsen
Erik Pauelsen was a Danish painter. He is most notable for his landscapes and was also a popular portraitist. However, he did not experience the same level of succes as Jens Juel and Nicolai Abildgaard, his contemporaries, and in 1790 he committed suicide.-Biography:Erik Pauelsen was born in...

 during the period when Frédéric de Coninck lived there. It takes its name from Dronninggård, his country house at Furesøen Lake north of Copenhagen. Pauelsen's decorations include two large murals and three overdoor
Overdoor
An "overdoor" is a painting, bas-relief or decorative panel, generally in a horizontal format, that is set, typically within ornamental mouldings, over a door, or was originally intended for this purpose.The overdoor is usually architectural in form, but may take the form of a cartouche in Rococo...

s as well as views and topographical paintings from the house's idyllic setting.

The Dronninggaard Chambers is located on the first floor of the palace with windows facing Bredgade, adjoining the Green Chambers and across from the Large Assembly Hall. The adjoining Green Room is decorated with Erik Paulsen’s paintings of the Hermitage Lodge
Eremitage Palace
The Eremitage Palace or Eremitage Hunting Lodge is located in Dyrehaven north of Copenhagen, Denmark. The palace was built by architect Lauritz de Thurah in Baroque style from 1734 to 1736 for Christian VI of Denmark in order to host royal banquets during royal hunts in Dyrehaven.- Name :Never...

 and the Sound.

The Golden Hall is decorated with murals by Bjørn Nørgaard
Bjørn Nørgaard
Bjørn Nørgaard is a Danish artist who has been active in a variety of fields. He has significantly influenced the art scene in Denmark both through his "happenings" and his sculptures in Danish cities...

 presenting the history of craftsmanship.

Moltke's Mansion today

Moltke's Mansion is still owned by the Association of Craftsmen in Copenhagen. It is used as a venue for banquets, meetings and small conferences.

List of former owners

From To Owner
1680 1686 Jørgen Henrik Goesbruch
1686 1704 Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve
1704 1754 Ferdinand Anton Danneskiold-Laurvig
Ferdinand Anton Danneskiold-Laurvig
Ferdinand Anton Danneskiold-Laurvig was a Danish count, Gehejmekonferensråd and director of the Danish West India Company from 1723.-Biography:...

1754 1762 Ferdinand Ludvig Danneskiold-Laurvig
1762 1763 Anna Joachimine Ahlefeldt
1763 1783 Christian Conrad Danneskiold-Laurvig
1783 1788 Niels Lunde Reiersen / Frédéric de Coninck
Frédéric de Coninck
Frederic de Coninck was a Dutch merchant active in Copenhagen, to which he moved in 1763 to set up a foreign trade and shipping company. He became one of Denmark's largest shipping owners, with a fleet of 64 vessels at the company's height...

1788 1794 Frédéric de Coninck
Frédéric de Coninck
Frederic de Coninck was a Dutch merchant active in Copenhagen, to which he moved in 1763 to set up a foreign trade and shipping company. He became one of Denmark's largest shipping owners, with a fleet of 64 vessels at the company's height...

1924 1948 Queen Downer Juliana Maria
Juliana Maria of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
Duchess Juliane Marie of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel , , was queen of Denmark between 1752 and 1766, second consort of king Frederick V of Denmark and Norway, mother of the prince-regent Hereditary Prince Frederick of Denmark and Norway and herself de facto regent 1772–1784.- Early life and queen :Born...

1796 1836 Constantin Brun
Constantin Brun
Johan Christian Constantin Brun was a German-Danish. Born in Germany, came to Denmark as Royal administrator of the trade on the Danish West Indies and in the same time built a successful private trading empire during the early Napoleonic Wars of the late 18th century, profiting on Denmark's...

1735 1852 J. Heinrich Lütthans
1852 1860 Adam Wilhelm Moltke
Adam Wilhelm Moltke
Count Adam Wilhelm Moltke was Prime Minister of Denmark from 1848 to 1852. He was the first Danish Prime Minister in the Danish constitutional monarchy outlined in 1848 and signed as the Danish Constitution on 5 June 1849 by Frederik VII of Denmark.Adam Wilhelm Moltke was the grandson of Adam...

1860 1875 Frederik Georg Julius Moltke
1875 1930 Frederik Christian Frederiksen Moltke
1930 - Hændværkerforeningen

External links

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