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Maximilian Osseyevich Steinberg (Russian
Russian language

Russian is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages, and the largest native language in Europe....
 ??????????? ??????? ?????????; born in Vilnius
Vilnius

Vilnius is the largest city and the Capital of Lithuania, with a population of 555,613 as of 2008. It is the seat of the Vilnius city municipality and of the Vilnius district municipality....
 – December 6 1946 in Leningrad
Saint Petersburg

Saint Petersburg is a types of inhabited localities in Russia and a federal subjects of Russia of Russia located on the Neva River at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea....
) was a Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
n composer
Composer

A composer is a person who creates music, usually in the medium of musical notation, for interpretation and performance. The level of distinction between composers and other musicians varies, which affects issues such as copyright and the deference given to individual interpretations of a particular piece of music....
 of classical music
Classical music

Classical music is a broad term that usually refers to mainstream music produced in, or rooted in the traditions of Western art history Religious music and secular music, encompassing a broad period from roughly the 9th century to present times....
 born in what is now Lithuania
Lithuania

Lithuania , officially the Republic of Lithuania is a country in Northern Europe, the southernmost of the three Baltic states. Situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, it shares borders with Latvia to the north, Belarus to the southeast, Poland, and the Russian exclave of Kaliningrad Oblast to the southwest....
.

nberg, was born into a Jewish family. His father, Osey (Hosea) Steinberg, was a leading Hebraist. Steinberg spent his youth in Vilnius. In 1901 he went to Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg

Saint Petersburg is a types of inhabited localities in Russia and a federal subjects of Russia of Russia located on the Neva River at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea....
, to study biology at Saint Petersburg University. He graduated in 1906.






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Maximilian Osseyevich Steinberg (Russian
Russian language

Russian is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages, and the largest native language in Europe....
 ??????????? ??????? ?????????; born in Vilnius
Vilnius

Vilnius is the largest city and the Capital of Lithuania, with a population of 555,613 as of 2008. It is the seat of the Vilnius city municipality and of the Vilnius district municipality....
 – December 6 1946 in Leningrad
Saint Petersburg

Saint Petersburg is a types of inhabited localities in Russia and a federal subjects of Russia of Russia located on the Neva River at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea....
) was a Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
n composer
Composer

A composer is a person who creates music, usually in the medium of musical notation, for interpretation and performance. The level of distinction between composers and other musicians varies, which affects issues such as copyright and the deference given to individual interpretations of a particular piece of music....
 of classical music
Classical music

Classical music is a broad term that usually refers to mainstream music produced in, or rooted in the traditions of Western art history Religious music and secular music, encompassing a broad period from roughly the 9th century to present times....
 born in what is now Lithuania
Lithuania

Lithuania , officially the Republic of Lithuania is a country in Northern Europe, the southernmost of the three Baltic states. Situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, it shares borders with Latvia to the north, Belarus to the southeast, Poland, and the Russian exclave of Kaliningrad Oblast to the southwest....
.

Life

Steinberg, was born into a Jewish family. His father, Osey (Hosea) Steinberg, was a leading Hebraist. Steinberg spent his youth in Vilnius. In 1901 he went to Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg

Saint Petersburg is a types of inhabited localities in Russia and a federal subjects of Russia of Russia located on the Neva River at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea....
, to study biology at Saint Petersburg University. He graduated in 1906. In the meantime he also started studying at the Saint Petersburg Conservatory
Saint Petersburg Conservatory

The N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov Saint Petersburg State Conservatory is a music school in Saint Petersburg. In 2004, the conservatory had around 275 faculty members and 1,400 students....
. He entered Anatoly Lyadov
Anatoly Konstantinovich Lyadov

Anatoly Konstantinovich Lyadov or Liadov , was a Russian composer, teacher and conductor ....
's harmony
Harmony

In Western music, harmony is the use of different pitches simultaneously, and chord s, actual or implied, in music. The word is related to the word "harmonic" which implies related wavelengths of waves....
 class, moving on to Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov
Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov

Nikolai Andreyevich Rimsky-Korsakov , also Nikolay, Nicolai, and Rimsky-Korsakoff, was a Russian composer, and a member of the group of composers known as "The Five." Noted particularly for a predilection for folk and fairy-tale subjects as well as his extraordinary skill in orchestration, his best known orchestral compositions...
's harmony
Harmony

In Western music, harmony is the use of different pitches simultaneously, and chord s, actual or implied, in music. The word is related to the word "harmonic" which implies related wavelengths of waves....
 class and Alexander Glazunov
Alexander Glazunov

Aleksandr Konstantinovich Glazunov was a Russian composer, music teacher and Conducting. He served as director of the Saint Petersburg Conservatory between 1905 and 1928 and was also instrumental in the reorganization of the institute into the Petrograd Conservatory, then the Leningrad Conservatory, following the October Revolution....
's counterpoint
Counterpoint

In music, counterpoint is the relationship between two or more Register that are independent in contour and rhythm, and interdependent in harmony....
 class. His considerable talent in composition soon showed, encouraged especially by his mentor Rimsky-Korsakov. He graduated from the Conservatory in 1908. Fellow student Igor Stravinsky
Igor Stravinsky

Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky was a Russian-born composer, considered by many to be the most influential composer of 20th century music. He was a quintessentially Cosmopolitanism Russian who was named by Time as one of the 100 most influential people of the century....
 felt disgruntled at the apparent favor of Steinberg by Rimsky-Korsakov over him.

In this same year 1908 Steinberg married Rimsky-Korsakov's daughter Nadezhda, and became, first a lecturer, then in 1915 Professor for Composition and Orchestration at the Conservatory. He held numerous posts at the conservatory; among other things, he was, from 1934 to 1939 a deputy director, before he went into retirement in 1946. Steinberg played an important role in Soviet music life as a teacher of composers such as Dmitri Shostakovich
Dmitri Shostakovich

Dmitri Dmitriyevich Shostakovich was a List of Russian composers of the Soviet Union period.After a period influenced by Sergei Prokofiev and Igor Stravinsky , Shostakovich developed a hybrid of styles as exemplified in his opera Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District ....
 and Yuri Shaporin
Yuri Shaporin

Yury Alexandrovich Shaporin was a Russian Soviet Union composer....
.

Musical style


Steinberg was considered first as a great hope of Russian music, and was occasionally even more highly estimated than his student colleague, Igor Stravinsky
Igor Stravinsky

Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky was a Russian-born composer, considered by many to be the most influential composer of 20th century music. He was a quintessentially Cosmopolitanism Russian who was named by Time as one of the 100 most influential people of the century....
. He rejected Stravinsky's and other modern styles, staying close in many of his compositions to the style of his teachers and showing the influence of the nationalistic Mighty Handful
The Five

The Five, also known as The Mighty Handful , refers to a circle of composers who met in Saint Petersburg, Russia, in the years 1856-1870: Mily Balakirev , C?sar Cui, Modest Mussorgsky, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, and Alexander Borodin....
 as well. His composing technique is handled with firm control and brilliant orchestration- these features have been noticed most often about his compositions.

Many of his works fall on world literature for their subjects. The dictates of socialist realism
Socialist realism

Socialist realism is a Teleology-oriented style of realism which has as its purpose the furtherance of the goals of socialism and communism. Although related, it should not be confused with social realism, a type of art that realistically depicts subjects of social concern....
 as they affected music starting in 1932 meant no great changes for him, since his style already was mostly in conformity with what was requested. He tended to select the topics of his programmatic works more often now on national topics, and let himself be influenced more often by musical and literary folklore. As a composer Steinberg is today little-known; it did not help that even at the time he was considered eclectic. More importance is attached to him now as a teacher.

His first two symphonies have been recorded by Neeme Järvi
Neeme Järvi

Neeme J?rvi is an Estonian-born United States conducting.Neeme J?rvi was born in Tallinn and studied first there and then in Saint Petersburg under Evgeny Mravinsky, among others....
 for the company Deutsche Grammophon
Deutsche Grammophon

Deutsche Grammophon is a Germany classical record label, now part of the Universal Music Group. The company has long been known for its high standards of high fidelity....
.

Partial list of works

  • For orchestra
    • Symphony
      Symphony

      A symphony is a musical composition, often extended and usually for orchestra. "Symphony" does not imply a specific form. Many symphonies are tonality works in four movement with the first in sonata form, and this is often described by music theorists as the structure of a "Classical period " symphony, although even some symphonies by the ac...
       No. 1 in D major
      D major

      D major is a major scale based on D , consisting of the pitches D, E , F? , G , A , B , and C? . Its key signature consists of two sharps. Its relative key is B minor and its parallel key is D minor....
       op.
      Opus number

      Opus, from the Latin word opus meaning "work", is usually used in the sense of "a work of art".The Latin plural of opus, "opera", is used to refer to the genre of music drama ....
       3 (1905/06)
    • Symphony No. 2 in B-flat minor op. 8 "In memoriam Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov" (1909)
    • Symphony No. 3 op.18 (1928)
    • Symphony No. 4 "Turksib" (1933)
    • Symphony No. 5 "Symphonic Rhapsody on Uzbek Themes" (1942)
    • Variations for Large Orchestra in G major
      G major

      G major is a major scale based on G, with the pitches G , A , B , C , D , E , and F? . Its key signature has one sharp, F. .Its relative key is E minor, and its parallel key is G minor....
       op. 2 (1905)
    • Symphonic Prelude in memoriam Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov op. 7 (1908)
    • Fantaisie dramatique op.9 (1910)
    • Solemn Overture on Revolutionary Songs from 1905-7 and 1917 (1930)
    • In Armenia, Capriccio (1940)
    • "Forward!", heroic Uzbek Overture (1943)
    • Violin concerto
      Violin concerto

      A violin concerto is a concerto for solo violin and instrumental ensemble, customarily orchestra. Such works have been written since the Baroque music period, when the solo concerto form was first developed, up through the present day....
       (1946)
  • Stage works
    • Metamorphosen, Ballet after Ovid
      Ovid

      Publius Ovidius Naso was a Roman Empire poet known as Ovid to the English language-speaking world, who wrote about love, seduction, and Roman mythology transformation....
       op. 10 (1913)
    • Till Eulenspiegel
      Till Eulenspiegel

      Till Eulenspiegel was an impudent trickster figure who originated in the Middle Low German German folklore and was disseminated in popular printed editions narrating the string of lightly-connected episodes that outlined his picaresque career, primarily in Germany, the Low Countries and France....
      , Ballet (1936)
    • Incidental music
  • Vocal music
    • "The Water Nymph", Cantata for Soprano, Women's Chorus and Orchestra op. 7 (1907)
    • "Heaven and Earth" for Voice and Orchestra after Byron (1918)
    • Four Songs with Orchestra after Rabindranath Tagore
      Rabindranath Tagore

      , also known by the sobriquet Gurudev, was a Bengali people mystic, Brahmo poet, visual artist, playwright, novelist, and composer whose works reshaped Bengali literature and Music of Bengal in the late 19th and early 20th centuries....
       op. 14 (1924)
    • Songs
    • Choruses
  • Chamber music
    • String quartet no. 1 (1907)
    • String quartet no. 2 op. 16 (1925)


The eleventh (opus 34, in B flat minor) of Nikolai Myaskovsky
Nikolai Myaskovsky

Nikolai Yakovlevich Myaskovsky was a Russian composer. He is sometimes referred to as the "father of the Soviet symphony"....
's symphonies is dedicated to Steinberg. ( which also contains a transcription, dated 1930, by the slightly older composer of Steinberg's third symphony for piano four-hands.)

Further reading

  • Walsh, Stephen. Stravinsky: A Creative Spring: Russia and France, 1882-1934. New York: A. A. Knopf, 1999. ISBN 0-679-41484-3. Contains many details about the course of the relationship between Stravinsky and Steinberg.