Manakin
Encyclopedia
The manakins are a family
, Pipridae, of unique small suboscine
passerine
bird
s. The family contains some 60 species
. They are distributed through the American tropics. The name is from Middle Dutch mannekijn 'little man' (also the source of the different bird name mannikin).
are believed to be the largest (since the Schiffornis
genus are no longer considered manakins). They are compact stubby birds with short tails, broad and rounded wings, and big heads. The bill
is short and has a wide gap. Females and first-year males have dull green plumage; most species are sexually dichromatic
in their plumage
, the males being mostly black with striking colours in patches, and in some species having long, decorative tail or crown feathers or erectile throat feathers. In some species, males from two to four years old have a distinctive subadult plumage.
The syrinx
or "voicebox" is distinctive in manakins, setting them apart from the related families Cotingidae and Tyrannidae. Furthermore, it is so acutely variable within the group that genera and even species can be identified by the syrinx alone, unlike birds of most oscine families. The sounds made are whistles, trills, and buzzes.
to northern Argentina
, Paraguay
, and southern Brazil
, and on Trinidad
and Tobago
as well. They are highly arboreal and are almost exclusively forest and woodland birds. Most species live in humid tropical lowlands, with a few in dry forests, river forests, and the subtropical Andes
. Some highland species have altitudinal migrations
. Manakins feed in the understory on small fruit
(but often remarkably large for the size of the bird) including berries
, and to a lesser degree, insects. Since they take fruit in flight as other species "hawk
" for insects, they are believed to have evolved from insect-eating birds. Females have big territories from which they do not necessarily exclude other birds of their species, instead feeding somewhat socially. Males spend much of their time together at courtship sites, as described below. Manakins sometimes join mixed feeding flocks
.
Many manakin species have spectacular lekking courtship rituals, which are especially elaborate in the genera Pipra
and Chiroxiphia
. The members of the genera Machaeropterus
and Manacus
have heavily modified wing feathers
, which they use to make buzzing and snapping sounds. Building of the nest (an open cup, generally low in vegetation), incubation for 18 to 21 days, and care of the young for 13 to 15 days are undertaken by the female alone, since most manakins do not form stable pairs. (The Helmeted Manakin
does form pairs, but the male's contribution is limited to defending the territory.) The normal clutch is two egg
s, which are buff or dull white marked with brown.
Lekking polygyny
seems to have been a characteristic of the family's original ancestor, and the associated sexual selection
led to an adaptive radiation
in which relationships can be traced by similarities in displays. An evolutionary explanation connecting lekking to fruit-eating has been proposed.
were previously placed in this family, but are now placed in Tityridae
.
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Family: PIPRIDAE
Family (biology)
In biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus. As for the other well-known ranks, there is the option of an immediately lower rank, indicated by the...
, Pipridae, of unique small suboscine
Tyranni
The suborder of passerine birds Tyranni includes about 1,000 species, the large majority of which are South American. It is named after the type genus Tyrannus....
passerine
Passerine
A passerine is a bird of the order Passeriformes, which includes more than half of all bird species. Sometimes known as perching birds or, less accurately, as songbirds, the passerines form one of the most diverse terrestrial vertebrate orders: with over 5,000 identified species, it has roughly...
bird
Bird
Birds are feathered, winged, bipedal, endothermic , egg-laying, vertebrate animals. Around 10,000 living species and 188 families makes them the most speciose class of tetrapod vertebrates. They inhabit ecosystems across the globe, from the Arctic to the Antarctic. Extant birds range in size from...
s. The family contains some 60 species
Species
In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. While in many cases this definition is adequate, more precise or differing measures are...
. They are distributed through the American tropics. The name is from Middle Dutch mannekijn 'little man' (also the source of the different bird name mannikin).
Description
They range in size from 7 to 15 cm (2.8-6 in) and in weight from 8 to 30 g (0.28-1.1 oz). The genus Tyranneutes comprise the smallest manakins, the genus AntilophiaAntilophia
Antilophia is a genus of South American bird in the Pipridae family.It contains the following species:* Helmeted Manakin * Araripe Manakin...
are believed to be the largest (since the Schiffornis
Schiffornis
Schiffornis is a genus of bird in the Tityridae family. It has traditionally been placed in the manakin family, but evidence strongly suggest it is better placed in Tityridae, where now placed by SACC...
genus are no longer considered manakins). They are compact stubby birds with short tails, broad and rounded wings, and big heads. The bill
Beak
The beak, bill or rostrum is an external anatomical structure of birds which is used for eating and for grooming, manipulating objects, killing prey, fighting, probing for food, courtship and feeding young...
is short and has a wide gap. Females and first-year males have dull green plumage; most species are sexually dichromatic
Sexual dimorphism
Sexual dimorphism is a phenotypic difference between males and females of the same species. Examples of such differences include differences in morphology, ornamentation, and behavior.-Examples:-Ornamentation / coloration:...
in their plumage
Plumage
Plumage refers both to the layer of feathers that cover a bird and the pattern, colour, and arrangement of those feathers. The pattern and colours of plumage vary between species and subspecies and can also vary between different age classes, sexes, and season. Within species there can also be a...
, the males being mostly black with striking colours in patches, and in some species having long, decorative tail or crown feathers or erectile throat feathers. In some species, males from two to four years old have a distinctive subadult plumage.
The syrinx
Syrinx (biology)
Syrinx is the name for the vocal organ of birds. Located at the base of a bird's trachea, it produces sounds without the vocal cords of mammals. The sound is produced by vibrations of some or all of the membrana tympaniformis and the pessulus caused by air flowing through the syrinx...
or "voicebox" is distinctive in manakins, setting them apart from the related families Cotingidae and Tyrannidae. Furthermore, it is so acutely variable within the group that genera and even species can be identified by the syrinx alone, unlike birds of most oscine families. The sounds made are whistles, trills, and buzzes.
Range, habitat, and feeding
Manakins occur from southern MexicoMexico
The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of...
to northern Argentina
Argentina
Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...
, Paraguay
Paraguay
Paraguay , officially the Republic of Paraguay , is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to the east and northeast, and Bolivia to the northwest. Paraguay lies on both banks of the Paraguay River, which runs through the center of the...
, and southern Brazil
Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
, and on Trinidad
Trinidad
Trinidad is the larger and more populous of the two major islands and numerous landforms which make up the island nation of Trinidad and Tobago. It is the southernmost island in the Caribbean and lies just off the northeastern coast of Venezuela. With an area of it is also the fifth largest in...
and Tobago
Tobago
Tobago is the smaller of the two main islands that make up the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. It is located in the southern Caribbean, northeast of the island of Trinidad and southeast of Grenada. The island lies outside the hurricane belt...
as well. They are highly arboreal and are almost exclusively forest and woodland birds. Most species live in humid tropical lowlands, with a few in dry forests, river forests, and the subtropical Andes
Andes
The Andes is the world's longest continental mountain range. It is a continual range of highlands along the western coast of South America. This range is about long, about to wide , and of an average height of about .Along its length, the Andes is split into several ranges, which are separated...
. Some highland species have altitudinal migrations
Bird migration
Bird migration is the regular seasonal journey undertaken by many species of birds. Bird movements include those made in response to changes in food availability, habitat or weather. Sometimes, journeys are not termed "true migration" because they are irregular or in only one direction...
. Manakins feed in the understory on small fruit
Fruit
In broad terms, a fruit is a structure of a plant that contains its seeds.The term has different meanings dependent on context. In non-technical usage, such as food preparation, fruit normally means the fleshy seed-associated structures of certain plants that are sweet and edible in the raw state,...
(but often remarkably large for the size of the bird) including berries
Berry
The botanical definition of a berry is a fleshy fruit produced from a single ovary. Grapes are an example. The berry is the most common type of fleshy fruit in which the entire ovary wall ripens into an edible pericarp. They may have one or more carpels with a thin covering and fleshy interiors....
, and to a lesser degree, insects. Since they take fruit in flight as other species "hawk
Hawking (birds)
Hawking is a feeding strategy in birds involving catching flying insects in the air. The term usually refers to a technique of sallying out from a perch to snatch an insect and then returning to the same or a different perch...
" for insects, they are believed to have evolved from insect-eating birds. Females have big territories from which they do not necessarily exclude other birds of their species, instead feeding somewhat socially. Males spend much of their time together at courtship sites, as described below. Manakins sometimes join mixed feeding flocks
Mixed-species feeding flock
A mixed-species feeding flock, also termed a mixed-species foraging flock, mixed hunting party or informally bird wave, is a flock of usually insectivorous birds of different species, that join each other and move together while foraging...
.
Reproduction
Pipra
Pipra is a genus of bird in the Pipridae family. It contains the following species:* Crimson-hooded Manakin, Pipra aureola* Round-tailed Manakin, Pipra chloromeros* Scarlet-horned Manakin, Pipra cornuta...
and Chiroxiphia
Chiroxiphia
Chiroxiphia is one of several genera of manakins, small song birds of South and Central America.The male plumage is a striking combination of black and bright blue. The crown is red, except in the yellow-crowned C. pareola regina. Females are comparably dull olive-greenish overall. Juveniles of...
. The members of the genera Machaeropterus
Machaeropterus
Machaeropterus is a genus of bird in the Pipridae family.It contains the following species:* Fiery-capped Manakin * Striped Manakin...
and Manacus
Manacus
Manacus is a genus of passerine birds in the manakin family which are found in the forests of tropical mainland Central and South America, and on Trinidad and Tobago...
have heavily modified wing feathers
Flight feather
Flight feathers are the long, stiff, asymmetrically shaped, but symmetrically paired feathers on the wings or tail of a bird; those on the wings are called remiges while those on the tail are called rectrices . Their primary function is to aid in the generation of both thrust and lift, thereby...
, which they use to make buzzing and snapping sounds. Building of the nest (an open cup, generally low in vegetation), incubation for 18 to 21 days, and care of the young for 13 to 15 days are undertaken by the female alone, since most manakins do not form stable pairs. (The Helmeted Manakin
Helmeted Manakin
The Helmeted Manakin is a small species of bird in the Pipridae family, the manakins. It is found in the cerrado and pantanal of Brazil; also northeast Paraguay, and a border region of northeast Bolivia...
does form pairs, but the male's contribution is limited to defending the territory.) The normal clutch is two egg
Egg (biology)
An egg is an organic vessel in which an embryo first begins to develop. In most birds, reptiles, insects, molluscs, fish, and monotremes, an egg is the zygote, resulting from fertilization of the ovum, which is expelled from the body and permitted to develop outside the body until the developing...
s, which are buff or dull white marked with brown.
Lekking polygyny
Polygyny
Polygyny is a form of marriage in which a man has two or more wives at the same time. In countries where the practice is illegal, the man is referred to as a bigamist or a polygamist...
seems to have been a characteristic of the family's original ancestor, and the associated sexual selection
Sexual selection
Sexual selection, a concept introduced by Charles Darwin in his 1859 book On the Origin of Species, is a significant element of his theory of natural selection...
led to an adaptive radiation
Adaptive radiation
In evolutionary biology, adaptive radiation is the evolution of ecological and phenotypic diversity within a rapidly multiplying lineage. Starting with a recent single ancestor, this process results in the speciation and phenotypic adaptation of an array of species exhibiting different...
in which relationships can be traced by similarities in displays. An evolutionary explanation connecting lekking to fruit-eating has been proposed.
Species list
The members of the genus SchiffornisSchiffornis
Schiffornis is a genus of bird in the Tityridae family. It has traditionally been placed in the manakin family, but evidence strongly suggest it is better placed in Tityridae, where now placed by SACC...
were previously placed in this family, but are now placed in Tityridae
Tityridae
Tityridae is family of suboscine passerine birds found in forest and woodland in the Neotropics. The approximately 30 species in this family were formerly spread over the families Tyrannidae, Pipridae and Cotingidae . As yet, no widely accepted common name exists for the family, although Tityras...
.
- Genus: PipraPipraPipra is a genus of bird in the Pipridae family. It contains the following species:* Crimson-hooded Manakin, Pipra aureola* Round-tailed Manakin, Pipra chloromeros* Scarlet-horned Manakin, Pipra cornuta...
- Crimson-hooded ManakinCrimson-hooded ManakinThe Crimson-hooded Manakin is a species of bird in the Pipridae family.It is found in Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical swamps and heavily degraded former forest....
, Pipra aureola (also known as Orange-headed Manakin) - Band-tailed ManakinBand-tailed ManakinThe Band-tailed Manakin is a species of bird in the Pipridae family.It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Peru....
, Pipra fasciicauda - Wire-tailed ManakinWire-tailed ManakinThe Wire-tailed Manakin is a species of bird in the Pipridae family.It is found upriver in the western Amazon Basin and the neighboring countries of northern Peru, eastern Ecuador and Colombia, and southern and western portions of Venezuela...
, Pipra filicauda - Golden-headed ManakinGolden-headed ManakinThe Golden-headed Manakin, Pipra erythrocephala, is a small passerine bird which breeds in tropical South America. It is found from Panama, Colombia and Trinidad south and east to the Guianas and Brazil and northern Peru...
, Pipra erythrocephala - Red-capped ManakinRed-capped ManakinThe Red-capped Manakin is a species of bird in the Pipridae family.It is found in Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru and Panama....
, Pipra mentalis - Red-headed ManakinRed-headed ManakinThe Red-headed Manakin is a species of bird in the Pipridae family.It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, and Peru.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.-References:...
, Pipra rubrocapilla - Round-tailed ManakinRound-tailed ManakinThe Round-tailed Manakin is a species of bird in the Pipridae family.It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, and Peru.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montanes....
, Pipra chloromeros - Scarlet-horned ManakinScarlet-horned ManakinThe Scarlet-horned Manakin is a species of bird in the Pipridae family.It is found in Brazil, Guyana, and Venezuela. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.-References:...
, Pipra cornuta
- Crimson-hooded Manakin
- Genus: LepidothrixLepidothrixLepidothrix is a genus of bird in the manakin family Pipridae. The genus is predominately found in South America, but one species, the Blue-crowned Manakin, also ranges into Central America. The females of this genus have green plumage with yellow bellies, as do some of the males. The remaining...
- Blue-crowned ManakinBlue-crowned ManakinThe Blue-crowned Manakin is a species of bird in the Pipridae family. The males have a brilliant blue cap; some have black, others have green body plumage, but the relationship between the subspecies is not well understood....
, Lepidothrix coronata - Blue-rumped ManakinBlue-rumped ManakinThe Blue-rumped Manakin is a species of bird in the Pipridae family. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Its natural habitat is montane forests and, in Ecuador, the species is considered a foothill specialty...
, Lepidothrix isidorei - Cerulean-capped ManakinCerulean-capped ManakinThe Cerulean-capped Manakin is a species of bird in the Pipridae family.It is endemic to Peru.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montanes.-References:...
, Lepidothrix coeruleocapilla - Snow-capped ManakinSnow-capped ManakinThe Snow-capped Manakin is a species of bird in the Pipridae family.It is found in Bolivia and Brazil.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.-References:...
, Lepidothrix nattereri - Golden-crowned ManakinGolden-crowned ManakinThe Golden-crowned Manakin is a small species of perching bird in the manakin family . It is endemic to the south-central Amazon Rainforest in Brazil, and it is threatened by habitat loss...
, Lepidothrix vilasboasi - Opal-crowned ManakinOpal-crowned ManakinThe Opal-crowned Manakin is a species of bird in the Pipridae family.It is endemic to Brazil.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.-References:...
, Lepidothrix iris - Orange-bellied ManakinOrange-bellied ManakinThe Orange-bellied Manakin , also known as the Tepui Manakin, is a species of bird in the Pipridae family. It resembles and is closely related to the White-fronted Manakin The Orange-bellied Manakin (Lepidothrix suavissima), also known as the Tepui Manakin, is a species of bird in the Pipridae...
, Lepidothrix suavissima - White-fronted ManakinWhite-fronted ManakinThe White-fronted Manakin is a species of bird in the Pipridae family, the manakins.It is found in the Atlantic coastal Guianas and the eastern Guiana Shield of Surname and French Guiana; also regions of Guyana and the northeastern Amazon states of Brazil.Its natural habitat is subtropical or...
, Lepidothrix serena
- Blue-crowned Manakin
- Genus: Dixiphia
- White-crowned ManakinWhite-crowned ManakinThe White-crowned Manakin is a tiny passerine bird in the manakin family. It is a resident breeder in the tropical New World from Costa Rica to northeastern Peru and eastern Brazil. It was formerly placed in the genus Pipra, but its syringeal anatomy favours its separation as a separate genus...
, Dixiphia pipra
- White-crowned Manakin
- Genus: AntilophiaAntilophiaAntilophia is a genus of South American bird in the Pipridae family.It contains the following species:* Helmeted Manakin * Araripe Manakin...
- Helmeted ManakinHelmeted ManakinThe Helmeted Manakin is a small species of bird in the Pipridae family, the manakins. It is found in the cerrado and pantanal of Brazil; also northeast Paraguay, and a border region of northeast Bolivia...
, Antilophia galeata - Araripe ManakinAraripe ManakinThe Araripe Manakin is a critically endangered bird from the family of Manakins . It was discovered in 1996 and scientifically described in 1998. The species epithet commemorates Brazilian zoologist and wildlife filmmaker Werner Bokermann, who died in 1995...
, Antilophia bokermanni
- Helmeted Manakin
- Genus: ChiroxiphiaChiroxiphiaChiroxiphia is one of several genera of manakins, small song birds of South and Central America.The male plumage is a striking combination of black and bright blue. The crown is red, except in the yellow-crowned C. pareola regina. Females are comparably dull olive-greenish overall. Juveniles of...
- Long-tailed ManakinLong-tailed ManakinThe Long-tailed Manakin is a species of bird in the Pipridae family. It is found in Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, and Nicaragua....
, Chiroxiphia linearis - Lance-tailed ManakinLance-tailed ManakinThe Lance-tailed Manakin, Chiroxiphia lanceolata, is a small passerine bird which breeds in tropical Central and South America from Costa Rica to northern Venezuela....
, Chiroxiphia lanceolata - Blue-backed ManakinBlue-backed ManakinThe Blue-backed Manakin, Chiroxiphia pareola, is a small passerine bird which breeds in tropical South America. It is found in southern Colombia, eastern Venezuela, the Guyanas, northeast Brazil, the Amazon Basin in Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru; and in Tobago. A disjunct population...
, Chiroxiphia pareola - Yungas ManakinYungas ManakinThe Yungas Manakin is a species of bird in the Pipridae family. It closely resembles the Blue-backed Manakin, but unlike that species it has dull dark red legs and is found in humid highland forests in the Yungas of southeastern Peru and Bolivia.-References:* BirdLife International 2004. . ...
, Chiroxiphia boliviana - Blue ManakinBlue ManakinThe Blue Manakin or Swallow-tailed Manakin is a small species of bird in the Pipridae family. It is found in north-eastern Argentina, southern and south-eastern Brazil, and Paraguay....
, Chiroxiphia caudata
- Long-tailed Manakin
- Genus: Ilicura
- Pin-tailed ManakinPin-tailed ManakinThe Pin-tailed Manakin is a species of bird in the monotypic genus Ilicura of the family Pipridae. It is endemic to Brazil....
, Ilicura militaris
- Pin-tailed Manakin
- Genus: Masius
- Golden-winged ManakinGolden-winged ManakinThe Golden-winged Manakin is a species of bird in the Pipridae family. Its genus, Masius, is monotypic.It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela...
, Masius chrysopterus
- Golden-winged Manakin
- Genus: CorapipoCorapipoCorapipo is a genus of bird in the Pipridae family.It contains the following species:* White-ruffed Manakin * White-throated Manakin * White-bibbed Manakin...
- White-ruffed ManakinWhite-ruffed ManakinThe White-ruffed Manakin, Corapipo altera, is a tiny passerine bird in the manakin family. It is a resident breeder in the tropical New World from eastern Honduras to northwestern Venezuela....
, Corapipo leucorrhoa- White-bibbed ManakinWhite-bibbed ManakinThe White-bibbed Manakin is a species of bird in the Pipridae family.It is found in Colombia, and Venezuela.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montanes....
, Corapipo (l.) leucorrhoa - White-ruffed ManakinWhite-ruffed ManakinThe White-ruffed Manakin, Corapipo altera, is a tiny passerine bird in the manakin family. It is a resident breeder in the tropical New World from eastern Honduras to northwestern Venezuela....
, Corapipo (leucorrhoa) altera
- White-bibbed Manakin
- White-throated ManakinWhite-throated ManakinThe White-throated Manakin is a species of bird in the Pipridae family.It is found in Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.-References:...
, Corapipo gutturalis
- White-ruffed Manakin
- Genus: ManacusManacusManacus is a genus of passerine birds in the manakin family which are found in the forests of tropical mainland Central and South America, and on Trinidad and Tobago...
- White-collared ManakinWhite-collared ManakinThe White-collared Manakin, Manacus candei, is a passerine bird in the manakin family. It is a resident breeder in the tropical New World from southeastern Mexico to Costa Rica and the extreme west of Panama....
, Manacus candei - Orange-collared ManakinOrange-collared ManakinThe Orange-collared Manakin, Manacus aurantiacus, is a passerine bird in the manakin family. It is an endemic resident breeder in Costa Rica and western Panama....
, Manacus aurantiacus - Golden-collared ManakinGolden-collared ManakinThe Golden-collared Manakin is a species of bird in the Pipridae family.It is found in Colombia, Costa Rica, and Panama. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and heavily degraded former forest....
, Manacus vitellinus - White-bearded ManakinWhite-bearded ManakinThe White-bearded Manakin, Manacus manacus, is a small passerine bird which breeds in tropical South America. It is found from Colombia, Venezuela and Trinidad south to Bolivia and northern Argentina....
, Manacus manacus
- White-collared Manakin
- Genus: MachaeropterusMachaeropterusMachaeropterus is a genus of bird in the Pipridae family.It contains the following species:* Fiery-capped Manakin * Striped Manakin...
- Fiery-capped ManakinFiery-capped ManakinThe Fiery-capped Manakin is a species of bird in the Pipridae family, the manakins. It is one of three species in the genus Machaeropterus.-Overview:...
, Machaeropterus pyrocephalus - Striped ManakinStriped ManakinThe Striped Manakin is a small South American species of bird in the Pipridae family. Its distribution is highly disjunct: The nominate subspecies is found in Atlantic Forest in eastern Brazil, while the striolatus group is found in forests in western Brazil, northeastern Peru, eastern Ecuador,...
, Machaeropterus regulus- Eastern Stripe Manakin, Machaeropterus (r.) regulus
- Western Striped Manakin, Machaeropterus (regulus) striolatus
- Club-winged ManakinClub-winged ManakinThe Club-winged Manakin is a small passerine bird which is a resident breeding species in the cloud forest on the western slopes of the Andes Mountains of Colombia and northwestern Ecuador...
, Machaeropterus deliciosus
- Fiery-capped Manakin
- Genus: XenopipoXenopipoXenopipo is a genus of bird in the Pipridae family.It contains the following species:* Black Manakin * Yellow-headed Manakin * Green Manakin...
- Black ManakinBlack ManakinThe Black Manakin is a species of bird in the Pipridae family. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela....
, Xenopipo atronitens - Jet ManakinJet ManakinThe Jet Manakin is a species of bird in the Pipridae family.It is found in Ecuador and Peru.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montanes.-References:...
, Xenopipo unicolor - Olive ManakinOlive ManakinThe Olive Manakin is a species of bird in the Pipridae family.It is found in Brazil, Guyana, and Venezuela. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montanes.-References:...
, Xenopipo uniformis - Green ManakinGreen ManakinThe Green Manakin is a species of bird in the Pipridae family. It occurs in humid forest in lowlands and foothills. The distribution is disjunct, with one population in the western Amazon Basin and adjacent east Andean foothills in south-eastern Colombia, eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru, and...
, Xenopipo holochlora- Lita Manakin, Xenopipo (holochlora) litae
- Yellow-headed ManakinYellow-headed ManakinThe Yellow-headed Manakin is a species of bird in the Pipridae family.It is found in Colombia and Ecuador. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and heavily degraded former forest. It is becoming rare due to habitat loss.-References:* BirdLife International 2004. ...
, Xenopipo flavicapilla
- Black Manakin
- Genus: HeterocercusHeterocercusHeterocercus is a genus of bird in the Pipridae family.It contains the following species:* Orange-crested Manakin * Yellow-crested Manakin...
- Flame-crested ManakinFlame-crested ManakinThe Flame-crested Manakin is a species of bird in the Pipridae family.It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, and Peru.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical swamps....
, Heterocercus linteatus - Orange-crested ManakinOrange-crested ManakinThe Orange-crested Manakin is a species of bird in the Pipridae family. It is found in Ecuador and Peru. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical swamps and subtropical or tropical dry shrubland.-References:...
, Heterocercus aurantiivertex - Yellow-crested ManakinYellow-crested ManakinThe Yellow-crested Manakin , also called Yellow-crowned Manakin, is a species of bird in the Pipridae family, the Manakins....
, Heterocercus flavivertex
- Flame-crested Manakin
- Genus: NeopelmaNeopelmaNeopelma is a genus of bird in the Pipridae family.It contains the following species:* Wied's Tyrant-manakin * Saffron-crested Tyrant-manakin...
- Saffron-crested Tyrant-manakinSaffron-crested Tyrant-manakinThe Saffron-crested Neopelma , also known as the Saffron-crested Tyrant-manakin, is a species of bird in the Pipridae family, the manakins.-Description:...
, Neopelma chrysocephalum - Sulphur-bellied Tyrant-manakinSulphur-bellied Tyrant-manakinThe Sulphur-bellied Neopelma , also known as the Sulphur-bellied Tyrant-manakin, is a species of bird in the Pipridae family. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, and Peru. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.-References:* BirdLife International 2004. . Downloaded...
, Neopelma sulphureiventer - Pale-bellied Tyrant-manakinPale-bellied Tyrant-manakinThe Pale-bellied Neopelma , also known as the Pale-bellied Tyrant-manakin, is a species of bird in the Pipridae family.-Distribution and habitat:It is found in Bolivia and Brazil...
, Neopelma pallescens - Wied's Tyrant-manakinWied's Tyrant-manakinThe Wied's Tyrant-Manakin is a species of bird in the Pipridae family.It is endemic to Atlantic moist forests in eastern Brazil. It was previously considered conspecific with Neopelma chrysolophum....
, Neopelma aurifrons - Serra do Mar Tyrant-manakinSerra Do Mar Tyrant-manakinThe Serra do Mar Neopelma , also known as the Serra do Mar Tyrant-manakin or the Serra Tyrant-manakin, is a species of bird in the Pipridae, or manakin family. It is endemic to humid mountain forest and woodland in south-eastern Brazil. It was formerly considered a subspecies of Wied's...
, Neopelma chrysolophum
- Saffron-crested Tyrant-manakin
- Genus: TyranneutesTyranneutesTyranneutes is a genus of South American birds in the Pipridae family. Both genders somewhat resemble females of other manakins, but are even smaller. They are native to the humid forests in the Amazon and the Guianas...
- Dwarf Tyrant-manakinDwarf Tyrant-manakinThe Dwarf Tyranneutes or Dwarf Tyrant-manakin is a species of bird in the Pipridae family.-Distribution and habitat:...
, Tyranneutes stolzmanni - Tiny Tyrant-manakinTiny Tyrant-manakinThe Tiny Tyranneutes or Tiny Tyrant-manakin is a species of bird in the Pipridae family.It is found in Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela....
, Tyranneutes virescens
- Dwarf Tyrant-manakin
- Genus: PipritesPipritesPiprites is a genus of bird traditionally placed in the Pipridae family, although it remains unclear if this is correct. It is therefore considered incertae sedis by recent authorities such as SACC.It contains the following species:...
- placement in present family questionable.- Black-capped PipritesBlack-capped PipritesThe Black-capped Piprites , also known as the Black-capped Manakin, is a species of suboscine passerine. It has traditionally been placed in the manakin family, although it remains unclear if this is correct...
, Piprites pileatus - Gray-headed Piprites, Piprites griseiceps
- Wing-barred PipritesWing-barred PipritesThe Wing-barred Piprites is a species of bird which traditionally has placed in the Pipridae family, although it remains unclear if this is correct. It is therefore considered incertae sedis by recent authorities such as SACC....
, Piprites chloris
- Black-capped Piprites
External links
- Jungle Dancers, NatureNature (TV series)Nature is a wildlife television program produced by Thirteen/WNET New York. It has been distributed to United States public television stations by the PBS television service since its debut on October 10, 1982. Some episodes may appear in syndication on many PBS member stations around the U.S. and...
article about manakin behavior, from the PBSPublic Broadcasting ServiceThe Public Broadcasting Service is an American non-profit public broadcasting television network with 354 member TV stations in the United States which hold collective ownership. Its headquarters is in Arlington, Virginia....
website. - High-speed videos of two manakin clades (Pipridae: Aves), from the Journal of Experimental BiologyJournal of Experimental BiologyThe Journal of Experimental Biology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal in the field of comparative physiology and integrative biology. It is published by The Company of Biologists from editorial offices in Cambridge, United Kingdom.- History :...
website. - Videos of Machaeropterus deliciosus making a "tick-tick-ting" sound through wing motion, from the ScienceScience (journal)Science is the academic journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and is one of the world's top scientific journals....
website. - Manakin videos on the Internet Bird Collection
- Manakins and the Plant Family Melastomataceae