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Lupang Hinirang
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Lupang Hinirang is the national anthem of the Philippines. Its music was composed in 1898 by Julian Felipe, with lyrics in Spanish adapted from the poem Filipinas, written by a young poet-soldier named Jose Palma in 1899.
Originally written as incidental music, it did not have words when it was adopted as the National Anthem of the Philippines and subsequently played during the proclamation of Philippine independence on June 12, 1898. During the American occupation of the Philippines, the colonial government banned the song from being played with the passage of the Flag Law.
The law was repealed in 1919 and the song was translated into English and would be legalized as the "Philippine Hymn". The anthem was translated into Tagalog beginning in the 1940s. A 1956 Pilipino (standardized Tagalog) version, revised in the 1960s, serves as the present anthem.
Lupang Hinirang means "Chosen Land" in Filipino. Some English sources erroneously translate Lupang Hinirang as "Beloved Land"; however, "Beloved Land" is a translation of the first line of Filipinas, which would be "Tierra adorada".
The national anthem is also informally known as Bayang Magiliw ("beloved country"), from the first line of the anthem.
HistoryThe Lupang Hinirang began as an instrumental march which General Emilio Aguinaldo commissioned for use in the proclamation of Philippine independence from Spain. This task was given to Julian Felipe and was to replace a march which Aguinaldo did not find to be satisfactory. The title of the new march was Marcha Filipina Magdalo ("Magdalo Philippine March") and was later changed to Marcha Nacional Filipina ("Philippine National March") upon its adoption as the national anthem of the First Philippine Republic on June 11 1898, a day before the date when Philippine independence was to be proclaimed. It was played by the San Francisco de Malabon marching band during the proclamation on June 12, 1898.
In August 1899, José Palma wrote the poem Filipinas in Spanish. It became the lyrics of the national hymn.
In the 1920s, the time signature was changed to 4/4 to facilitate its singing and the key was changed from the original C major to G.
During the 1920s, with the repeal of the Flag Law, which banned the use of all Filipino national symbols, the American colonial government decided to translate the national hymn from Spanish to English. The first translation was written around that time by Paz Marquez Benitez of the University of the Philippines, who was also a famous poet during that time. The most popular translation, called the "Philippine Hymn", was written by Senator Camilo Osías and an American, Mary A. Lane. The "Philippine Hymn" was legalized by an act of the Philippine Congress in 1938.
Tagalog translations started appearing during the 1940s, the first translation was known to be as Diwa ng Bayan, which was sung during the Japanese Era; followed by the most popular being O Sintang Lupa ("O Beloved Land") by Julian Cruz Balmaceda, Ildefonso Santos, and Francisco Caballo. O Sintang Lupa was approved as the national anthem in 1948.
During the term of President Ramon Magsaysay, Education Secretary Gregorio Hernandez formed a commission to revise the Tagalog words. On May 26, 1956, the National Anthem, Lupang Hinirang, was finally sung in Pilipino. Minor revisions were made in the 1960s, and it is this final version, made by Felipe Padilla De Leon which is in use today. The Filipino lyrics have been confirmed by a new national symbols law in 1998, but not the English and Spanish words.
The translation of Lupang Hinirang was used by Felipe Padilla de Leon as his inspiration for Awit sa Paglikha ng Bagong Pilipinas, commissioned by the government of the Japanese Occupation of the Philippines during World War II, and adapted during the Martial Law period under Ferdinand Marcos.
In the late 1990s, the Chief Executive Officer of the GMA Network, Menardo Jimenez, proposed that various recording artists record their respective versions of the National Anthem; this is, however, prohibited by law.
Lupang Hinirang was not the first Filipino national anthem to be conceived. The composer and revolutionist Julio Nakpil composed Marangal na Dalit ng Katagalugan (Honorable Hymn of Katagalugan), which was intended as the official anthem of the Katipunan independence movement against Spain. It is considered a national anthem because Andres Bonifacio, the chief founder of the Katipunan, converted the organization into a revolutionary government - with him as president - known as the Republika ng Katagalugan (Tagalog Republic) just before hostilities erupted. The Katipunan or Republika ng Katagalugan was superseded by Aguinaldo's Republica Filipina. The anthem, later renamed Himno Nacional, was never adopted by Aguinaldo for unspecified reasons. It should be noted that Katagalugan, in its usage in the anthem, meant the Philippines and not just the Tagalog Filipinos.
Usage and legal regulation Article XVI, Section 2 of the present Philippine Constitution specifies that "The Congress may, by law, adopt a new name for the country, a national anthem, or a national seal, which shall be truly reflective and symbolic of the ideals, history, and traditions of the people. Such law shall take effect only upon its ratification by the people in a national referendum." At present, the 1998 Republic Act (R.A.) 8491. (the Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines) regulates the usage of the Philippine national anthem. It also contains the complete lyrics of Lupang Hinirang.
R.A. 8491 specifies that Lupang Hinirang "shall be in accordance with the musical arrangement and composition of Julian Felipe." However, when literally followed, this means that the national anthem should only be performed by a pianist or by a brass band, as these were the only versions that were produced by Julian Felipe. Moreover, because the original version was composed in duple time (i.e. in a time signature of 2/4) as compared to the present quadruple time (4/4), it is uncertain if this will either slow down or even double the music's speed, making it difficult for singers to keep up with the music. Regardless of this, the national anthem is still sung with the lyrics. R.A. 8491 also states that Lupang Hinirang "shall always be sung in the national language" regardless if performed inside or outside the Philippines, and specifies that the singing must be done with fervor.
The National Anthem is usually played during public gatherings in the Philippines or in foreign countries where the Filipino audience is sizable. R.A. 8491 also provides that it be played at other occasions as may be allowed by the National Historical Institute. R.A. 8491 prohibits its playing or singing for mere recreation, amusement, or entertainment except during the following occasions:
- International competitions where the Philippines is the host or has a representative;
- Local competitions;
- During the "signing off" and "signing on" of radio broadcasting and television stations; and
- Before the initial and last screening of films and before the opening of theater performances.
R.A. 8491 specifies fine or imprisonment penalties for any person or juridical entity which violates its provisions. Public or government official or employee who fail to observe the regulations of R.A. 8491 may face administrative sanctions, besides the penalties imposed by the same law. This warning also applies to persons connected with government-held corporations, public schools, and state colleges and universities.
Official lyricsOnly the current Filipino version is officially recognized by law. Republic Act No. 8491, the 1998 Flag and Heraldic Code specifies, "The National Anthem shall always be sung in the national language within or without the country", and provides fine and imprisonment penalties for violations.
| Filipino | Iloco Translation | Sugbuanon Translation | English translation |
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Bayang magiliw
Perlas ng Silanganan,
Alab ng puso
Sa dibdib mo'y buhay.
Lupang hinirang,
Duyan ka ng magiting,
Sa manlulupig,
'Di ka pasisiil.
Sa dagat at bundok,
Sa simoy at sa langit mong bughaw,
May dilag ang tula at awit
Sa paglayang minamahal.
Ang kislap ng watawat mo'y
Tagumpay na nagniningning,
Ang bituin at araw niya
Kailan pa ma'y 'di magdidilim.
Lupa ng araw, ng luwalhati't pagsinta,
Buhay ay langit sa piling mo;
Aming ligaya, na 'pag may mang-aapi
Ang mamatay nang dahil sa 'yo.
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Imnas nga ili
Baggak ti dumadaya
Daytoy ayatmi
Ti sagutmi kenka
Dagat' kinasudi
Indayon ti nakired
Iti mangdadael
Haanka pailuges
Iti tangatang, ulep ken pul-oy
Bambantay ken baybay
Addan dayag ti daniw ken dayyeng
Ti nasamit a wayam
Ti raniag ta wagaywaymo
Ket balligi a nasileng
Ti init ken dagiti bittuenna
Dinto pulos aglidem
Nakaliblibnos unay a dagan' ayat
Daytoy biag langit dita dennam
Ngem no ti dayawmo ket inda daesen
Inggat' tanem sumalakankam
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Yutang tabunon
Mutya nga masilakon
Putling bahandi
Amo kang gimahal
Mithing gisimba
Yuta s'mga bayani
Sa manglupigon
Pagadapigan ka
Ang mga bungtod mo ug lapyahan
Ang langit mong bughaw
Nagahulad sa awit, lamdag sa
Kaliwat tang gawas
Silaw sa adlaw ug bitoon
Sa nasudnong bandila
Nagatimaan nga buhion ta
Ang atong pagkausa
Yutang maanyag, duyan ka sa pagmahal
Landong sa langit ang dughan mo;
Pakatam-isom namo kung maulipon man
Ang kamatayon sa ngalan mo.
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Beloved country,
Pearl of the Orient,
The heart's fervor,
In your chest is ever alive.
Chosen Land,
You are the cradle of the brave,
To the conquerors,
You shall never surrender.
Through the seas and mountains,
Through the air and your blue sky,
There is splendor in the poem and song
of beloved freedom.
The sparkle of your flag
Is shining victory.
Its stars and sun
will never dim.
Land of glory, the sun of our affections,
Life is heaven in your arms;
When someone oppresses you, it is our pleasure
To die for you. |
Earlier versions
FilipinasThe original poem by José Palma; became official in 1899
Tierra adorada
Hija del sol de Oriente,
Su fuego ardiente
En ti latiendo está.
¡Tierra de amores!
Del heroísmo cuna,
Los invasores
No te hallarán jamás.
En tu azul cielo, en tus auras,
En tus montes y en tu mar,
Esplende y late el poema
De tu amada libertad.
Tu pabellón, que en las lides
La victoria iluminó,
No verá nunca apagados
Sus estrellas ni su sol.
Tierra de dichas, de sol y amores,
En tu regazo dulce es vivir.
Es una gloria para tus hijos,
Cuando te ofenden, por ti morir.
The Philippine HymnThis translation was made by Senator Camilo Osias and Mary A. Lane and was made official by an act of the Philippine Congress in 1938. The country was then a Commonwealth of the United States.
Land of the morning,
Child of the sun returning,
With fervor burning
Thee do our souls adore.
Land dear and holy,
Cradle of noble heroes.
Ne'er shall invaders
Trample thy sacred shore.
Ever within thy skies and through thy clouds,
And o'er thy hills and sea,
Do we behold the radiance
Feel the throb
of glorious liberty.
Thy banner, dear to all our hearts
Its sun and star alight
O never shall its shining field
Be dimmed by tyrants might.
Beautiful land of love, O land of light,
In thine embrace 'tis rapture to lie;
But it is glory ever, when thou art wronged
for us, thy sons to suffer and die.
O Sintang LupaThis version by Balmaceda, Santos and Caballo was used from 1948 (two years after the United States granted independence in 1946) to 1956. It was superseded by the 1956 translation, itself later revised.
O sintang lupa,
Perlas ng Silanganan;
Diwang apoy kang
Sa araw nagmula.
Lupang magiliw,
Pugad ng kagitingan,
Sa manlulupig
Di ka papaslang.
Sa iyong langit, simoy, parang.
Dagat at kabundukan,
Laganap ang tibok ng puso
Sa paglayang walang hanggan.
Sagisag ng watawat mong mahal
Ningning at tagumpay;
Araw't bituin niyang maalab
Ang s'yang lagi naming tanglaw.
Sa iyo Lupa ng ligaya't pagsinta,
Tamis mabuhay na yakap mo,
Datapwa't langit ding kung ikaw ay apihin
Ay mamatay ng dahil sa 'yo.
Diwa ng BayanThe first filipino translation during the Japanese era
Lupang mapalad,
Na mutya ng silangan;
Bayang kasuyo,
Ng Sangkalikasan.
Buhay at yaman,
Ng kapilipinuhan;
Kuha't bawi,
Sa Banyagang kamay.
Sa iyong langit, Bundok,
Batis, Dagat na pinalupig;
Nailibing na ng karimlan,
Ng kahapong pagtitiis.
Sakit at luha, hirap,
Susa at sumpa sa pagaamis;
ay wala nang lahat at naligtas,
Sa ibig maglupit.
Hayo't magdiwang Lahi kong minamahal,
Iyong watawat ang siyang tanglaw;
At kung sakaling ikaw ay muling pagbantaan,
Aming bangkay ang siyang hahadlang.
LABUAD MAPALAD
Labuad Mapalad
Mutia ning lalu sampat
Ning daiat malat
A queca misapuac
Budning Sultana
Guinu na ning Malasia
Pemalena'na
Ning tapang at sinta
Caring batis, bunduc
Caquenan, uluit pulung dacal
Bitasang ma-calimbagan iang
quecang catimauan
Quing bandera mung maningning
A tecutan da ring tacsil
Capilan man e culimlim
Ing aldo na at ding batuin
Labuad ning aldo, sinta at tepangan
Maiumung diling queque ca mie
Iyang ligaiang quequeng paniangian
Ing queca que ngan paimate
External links-
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- Full text document written by Julian Felipe on the history of the Philippine National Anthem
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