Philippine historians and other figures have identified the following people as having held the presidency of a government intended to represent the Philippines

Philippines

The Philippines , officially known as the Republic of the Philippines , is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam...

, but their terms of office are not counted by the Philippine government as part of the presidential succession.

History

Andrés Bonifacio

Andres Bonifacio

Andrés Bonifacio y de Castro was a Filipino nationalist and revolutionary. He was a founder and later Supremo of the Katipunan movement which sought the independence of the Philippines from Spanish colonial rule and started the Philippine Revolution...

 is considered by some historians to be the de facto

De facto

De facto is a Latin expression that means "concerning fact." In law, it often means "in practice but not necessarily ordained by law" or "in practice or actuality, but not officially established." It is commonly used in contrast to de jure when referring to matters of law, governance, or...

 first President of the Philippines. He was the third Supreme President (Spanish

Spanish language

Spanish , also known as Castilian , is a Romance language in the Ibero-Romance group that evolved from several languages and dialects in central-northern Iberia around the 9th century and gradually spread with the expansion of the Kingdom of Castile into central and southern Iberia during the...

: Presidente Supremo; Tagalog

Tagalog language

Tagalog is an Austronesian language spoken as a first language by a third of the population of the Philippines and as a second language by most of the rest. It is the first language of the Philippine region IV and of Metro Manila...

: Kataastaasang Pangulo) of the Katipunan

Katipunan

The Katipunan was a Philippine revolutionary society founded by anti-Spanish Filipinos in Manila in 1892, whose primary aim was to gain independence from Spain through revolution. The society was initiated by Filipino patriots Andrés Bonifacio, Teodoro Plata, Ladislao Diwa, and others on the night...

secret society. Its Supreme Council, led by the Supreme President, coordinated provincial and district councils. When the Katipunan went into open revolt in August 1896, Bonifacio had transformed it into a de facto revolutionary government with him as President. While the term Katipunan remained, Bonifacio's government was also known as the Tagalog Republic (Spanish: Republica Tagala). Although the word Tagalog refers to a specific ethnicity, Bonifacio used it to denote all indigenous people in the Philippines in place of Filipino

Filipino language

This move has drawn much criticism from other regional groups.In 1987, a new constitution introduced many provisions for the language.Article XIV, Section 6, omits any mention of Tagalog as the basis for Filipino, and states that:...

which had colonial origins. In place of the Spanish Filipinas

Filipinas

Filipinas may refer to:*Filipinas, letra para la marcha nacional, the title of the Spanish language poem of José Palma that later became the original official lyrics of the Filipino national anthem;...

he coined a Tagalog name, Haring Bayang Katagalugan (Sovereign Tagalog Nation).

Some historians contend that including Bonifacio as a past president would imply that Macario Sakay and Miguel Malvar y Carpio should also be included. Miguel Malvar y Carpio continued Emilio Aguinaldo

Emilio Aguinaldo

Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy was a Filipino general, politician, and independence leader. He played an instrumental role during the Philippines' revolution against Spain, and the subsequent Philippine-American War or War of Philippine Independence that resisted American occupation...

's leadership of the First Philippine Republic

First Philippine Republic

The Philippine Republic , more commonly known as the First Philippine Republic or the Malolos Republic was a short-lived insurgent revolutionary government in the Philippines...

 after the latter's capture until his own capture in 1902. Macario Sakay founded a Tagalog Republic in 1902 as a continuation of Bonifacio's Katipunan. They are both considered by some scholars as "unofficial presidents". Along with Bonifacio, Malvar and Sakay are not recognized as Presidents by the Philippine government.

Emilio Aguinaldo

Emilio Aguinaldo

Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy was a Filipino general, politician, and independence leader. He played an instrumental role during the Philippines' revolution against Spain, and the subsequent Philippine-American War or War of Philippine Independence that resisted American occupation...

 is officially recognized as the first President of the Philippines, but this is based on his term of office during the Malolos Republic, later known as the First Philippine Republic. Prior to this Aguinaldo had held the presidency of several revolutionary governments which are not counted in the succession of Philippine republics.

List

#	| President	Took office	Left office	Party	Head of Government	Vice President	Term	Era
A		Andrés Bonifacio Andres Bonifacio Andrés Bonifacio y de Castro was a Filipino nationalist and revolutionary. He was a founder and later Supremo of the Katipunan movement which sought the independence of the Philippines from Spanish colonial rule and started the Philippine Revolution...	August 24, 1896 Term began when Bonifacio declared the establishment of the Tagalog Republic.	March 22, 1897 Term ended after the Tejeros Convention Tejeros Convention The Tejeros Convention was the meeting held between the Magdiwang and Magdalo factions of the Katipunan at San Francisco de Malabon, Cavite on March 22, 1897... . or May 10, 1897Executed for treason by Aguinaldo's government; Bonifacio did not recognize its validity and still acted as president.	Katipunan Katipunan The Katipunan was a Philippine revolutionary society founded by anti-Spanish Filipinos in Manila in 1892, whose primary aim was to gain independence from Spain through revolution. The society was initiated by Filipino patriots Andrés Bonifacio, Teodoro Plata, Ladislao Diwa, and others on the night...	none (The Tagalog Republic did not provide for a Prime Minister)	none (The Tagalog Republic did not provide for a Vice President)	-	Tagalog Republic (Bonifacio)
B		Emilio Aguinaldo Emilio Aguinaldo Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy was a Filipino general, politician, and independence leader. He played an instrumental role during the Philippines' revolution against Spain, and the subsequent Philippine-American War or War of Philippine Independence that resisted American occupation...	March 22, 1897 Term was established at the Tejeros Convention Tejeros Convention The Tejeros Convention was the meeting held between the Magdiwang and Magdalo factions of the Katipunan at San Francisco de Malabon, Cavite on March 22, 1897... ; Aguinaldo took his oath of office the day after (March 23), but did not fully assume the office until late April 1897.	November 1, 1897 Term ended with the establishment of the Republic of Biak-na-Bato Republic of Biak-na-Bato The Republic of Biak-na-Bato , officially referred to in its constitution as the Philippine Republic , was the first republic ever declared in the Philippines by the revolutionary Emilio Aguinaldo and his fellow members of the Katipunan. Despite its successes, including the establishment of the... .	Katipunan Katipunan The Katipunan was a Philippine revolutionary society founded by anti-Spanish Filipinos in Manila in 1892, whose primary aim was to gain independence from Spain through revolution. The society was initiated by Filipino patriots Andrés Bonifacio, Teodoro Plata, Ladislao Diwa, and others on the night...  - later abolished (Magdalo Magdalo (Katipunan faction) The Magdalo faction of the Katipunan was a chapter in Cavite, mostly led by ilustrados of that province.It was named after Mary Magdalene...  faction)	none (The Tejeros Convention did not provide for a Prime Minister)	Mariano Trias Mariano Trías Mariano Trías y Closas is considered to be the first de facto Philippine Vice President of that revolutionary government established at the Tejeros Convention - an assembly of Philippine revolutionary leaders that elected officials of the revolutionary movement against the colonial government of...	-	Tejeros revolutionary government Tejeros Convention The Tejeros Convention was the meeting held between the Magdiwang and Magdalo factions of the Katipunan at San Francisco de Malabon, Cavite on March 22, 1897...
B			November 2, 1897 Term began after the establishment of the Republic of Biak-na-Bato Republic of Biak-na-Bato The Republic of Biak-na-Bato , officially referred to in its constitution as the Philippine Republic , was the first republic ever declared in the Philippines by the revolutionary Emilio Aguinaldo and his fellow members of the Katipunan. Despite its successes, including the establishment of the... .	December 15, 1897 Term ended when Aguinaldo signed the Pact of Biak-na-Bato Pact of Biak-na-Bato The Pact of Biak-na-Bato, signed on December 14, 1897, created a truce between Spanish Colonial Governor-General Fernando Primo de Rivera and Emilio Aguinaldo to end the Philippine Revolution... .	Katipunan Katipunan The Katipunan was a Philippine revolutionary society founded by anti-Spanish Filipinos in Manila in 1892, whose primary aim was to gain independence from Spain through revolution. The society was initiated by Filipino patriots Andrés Bonifacio, Teodoro Plata, Ladislao Diwa, and others on the night...  - later abolished (Magdalo Magdalo (Katipunan faction) The Magdalo faction of the Katipunan was a chapter in Cavite, mostly led by ilustrados of that province.It was named after Mary Magdalene...  faction)	none (The Republic of Biak-na-Bato did not provide for a Prime Minister)		-	Republic of Biak-na-Bato Republic of Biak-na-Bato The Republic of Biak-na-Bato , officially referred to in its constitution as the Philippine Republic , was the first republic ever declared in the Philippines by the revolutionary Emilio Aguinaldo and his fellow members of the Katipunan. Despite its successes, including the establishment of the...
B			May 24, 1898Term began when Aguinaldo declared a dictatorial government of the Philippines.	June 23, 1898Term ended with the declaration of a revolutionary government replacing the dictatorship.	Katipunan Katipunan The Katipunan was a Philippine revolutionary society founded by anti-Spanish Filipinos in Manila in 1892, whose primary aim was to gain independence from Spain through revolution. The society was initiated by Filipino patriots Andrés Bonifacio, Teodoro Plata, Ladislao Diwa, and others on the night...  - later abolished (Magdalo Magdalo (Katipunan faction) The Magdalo faction of the Katipunan was a chapter in Cavite, mostly led by ilustrados of that province.It was named after Mary Magdalene...  faction)	Apolinario Mabini Apolinario Mabini Apolinario Mabini y Maranan was a Filipino political philosopher and revolutionary who wrote a constitutional plan for the of 1899-1901, and served as its first prime minister in 1899...	none (The dictatorial government did not provide for a Vice President)	-	First Dictatorship Philippine Declaration of Independence The Philippine Declaration of Independence occurred on June 12, 1898 in Cavite II el Viejo , Cavite, Philippines. With the public reading of the Act of the Declaration of Independence, Filipino revolutionary forces under General Emilio Aguinaldo proclaimed the sovereignty and independence of the...
B			June 23, 1898Term began with the declaration of a revolutionary government replacing the dictatorship.	January 23, 1899Term ended with the inauguration of the Malolos Republic, considered the First Philippine Republic First Philippine Republic The Philippine Republic , more commonly known as the First Philippine Republic or the Malolos Republic was a short-lived insurgent revolutionary government in the Philippines... .	Katipunan Katipunan The Katipunan was a Philippine revolutionary society founded by anti-Spanish Filipinos in Manila in 1892, whose primary aim was to gain independence from Spain through revolution. The society was initiated by Filipino patriots Andrés Bonifacio, Teodoro Plata, Ladislao Diwa, and others on the night...  - later abolished (Magdalo Magdalo (Katipunan faction) The Magdalo faction of the Katipunan was a chapter in Cavite, mostly led by ilustrados of that province.It was named after Mary Magdalene...  faction)		none (The revolutionary government did not provide for a Vice President)	-	Pre-Malolos revolutionary government
C		Miguel Malvar y Carpio	April 1, 1901 Term began when Malvar assumed the presidency after the capture of Aguinaldo.	April 16, 1902 Term ended when Malvar surrendered in Batangas Batangas Batangas is a first class province of the Philippines located on the southwestern part of Luzon in the CALABARZON region. Its capital is Batangas City and it is bordered by the provinces of Cavite and Laguna to the north and Quezon to the east. Across the Verde Island Passages to the south is the... .	none (Formerly Katipunan Katipunan The Katipunan was a Philippine revolutionary society founded by anti-Spanish Filipinos in Manila in 1892, whose primary aim was to gain independence from Spain through revolution. The society was initiated by Filipino patriots Andrés Bonifacio, Teodoro Plata, Ladislao Diwa, and others on the night... )	none	none (The 1899 Constitution did not provide for a Vice President)	-	First Republic First Philippine Republic The Philippine Republic , more commonly known as the First Philippine Republic or the Malolos Republic was a short-lived insurgent revolutionary government in the Philippines... (Malolos Republic)
D		Macario Sakay	May 6, 1902 Term began when Sakay declared the establishment of the Tagalog Republic (in the tradition of Bonifacio instead of Aguinaldo).	July 14, 1906 Term ended when Sakay surrendered as part of an amnesty; he was executed a year later.	none (Formerly Katipunan Katipunan The Katipunan was a Philippine revolutionary society founded by anti-Spanish Filipinos in Manila in 1892, whose primary aim was to gain independence from Spain through revolution. The society was initiated by Filipino patriots Andrés Bonifacio, Teodoro Plata, Ladislao Diwa, and others on the night... )	none (The Tagalog Republic did not provide for a Prime Minister)	Francisco Carreón Francisco Carreón Francisco Carreón y Marcos was a Filipino general in the Philippine Revolution against Spain and in the Philippine-American War. As the vice president of Macario Sakay's Tagalog Republic , he continued resistance against the United States up until the dissolution of the republic in 1906...	-	Tagalog Republic (Sakay)
E		Jose P. Laurel Jose P. Laurel José Paciano Laurel y García was the president of the Republic of the Philippines, a Japanese-sponsored administration during World War II, from 1943 to 1945... Some sources exclude Jose P Laurel because held office during the time of the Japanese occupation of the Philippines Japanese occupation of the Philippines The Japanese occupation of the Philippines was the period in the history of the Philippines between 1942 and 1945, when the Empire of Japan occupied the previously American-controlled Philippines during World War II.... .	October 14, 1943	August 17, 1945	Kalibapi KALIBAPI The Kapisanan ng Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas , or KALIBAPI, was a Filipino political party that served as the sole party of state during the Japanese occupation...	Jorge B. Vargas Jorge B. Vargas Jorge B. Vargas was a lawyer and youth advocate born in Bago City, Negros Occidental, Philippines. He graduated valedictorian from Negros Occidental High School in 1909 and obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1911 and a Bachelor of Law degree with honors in 1914, both from the University of the...	none (The 1943 constitution did not provide for a Vice President)	-	Second Philippine Republic Second Philippine Republic The Second Philippine Republic, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines , was a state in the Philippines established on October 14, 1943 under Japanese occupation....