Mariano Trías
Encyclopedia
Mariano Trías y Closas (October 12, 1868 – February 22, 1914) is considered to be the first de facto
Philippine Vice President
of that revolutionary government established at the Tejeros Convention
- an assembly of Philippine revolutionary leaders that elected officials of the revolutionary movement against the colonial government
of Spain
. When that assembly broke into factions, a truce known as the Pact of Biak na Bato was signed by the group and also recognized the elected officials and Trias as the vice president of Emilio Aguinaldo
, who is also considered to be the first President of the Philippines. With the promulgation of the Malolos Constitution
by the Malolos Convention, the First Philippine Republic
was born. Under this Aguinaldo administration, Trias served in the cabinet as the Minister of War and Finance.
He was married to María Concepción Ferrer with whom he had eight children.
and justice of the peace
during the Spanish regime who, after his term of office, become a landowner-farmer. His mother was Gabriela Closas.
He had primary schooling under the tutorship of Eusebio Chaves and Cipriano Gonzales, both local school teachers. Later, he was sent to Manila
and enrolled at Colegio de San Juan de Letran
for his Bachelor of Arts
, then to University of Santo Tomas
for his course in Medicine
, which he was able to finish as he returned home to help his relatives manage the farm holdings.
Before the revolution in August 1896, he joined the Katipunan
and became an active propagandist of the society in the towns of Silang
and Kawit. In the election of the Katipunan
popular council, which was organized by the Sangguniang Balangay of Mapagtiis, he was named fiscal.
When two councils of the Katipunan
revolutionist came into existence (namely, the Sangguniang Bayang Magdiwang
and the Sangguniang Bayang Magdalo
), both factions set up their respective councils of leaders. Trias became the Minister of Justice and hope of the Magdiwang
group.
Assuming the nom-de-guerre Labong (which means "bamboo shoot
s"), he recruited troops and solicited contributions from rich Filipinos
in Indang and Alfonso
, Cavite
, to help finance the effect.
After he was criticized by the Magsaya council for establishing a public army, he joined the Magdalo.
leaders from both factions was held, this time at Tejeros, near the coast, in the heart of the Magdiwang
territory. This happened while Aguinaldo
and the Magdalo
factions were desperately trying to stop the advancing of the Lachambre soldiers. After a stormy debate, it was agreed to set up a new government, replacing that of the Katipunan
. Nine positions were to be filled. By secret ballot
, Emilio Aguinaldo
who was absent, defending Imus
against the forthcoming attack by Governor Lachambre was elected president and Mariano Trías as vice president. Bonifacio
was defeated for both positions.
At the revolutionary assembly convoked by Aguinaldo
in Naic
, Cavite
after Easter Sunday of 1897, Trías was again chosen as vice president of the new government.He led several attacks in Cavite and Laguna against Spanish forces. On November 1, 1897, the Biac-na-Bato Republic was established. Emilio Aguinaldo
was president and Trías was vice-president. However, Trias is not considered to be a vice-president of the Philippines as the Biak-na-Bato pact did not proclaim a sovereign state.
, which succeeded the Mabini Cabinet
, he held the position of secretary of war. After the revolutionary government forces were practically dispersed in Central Luzon
, he was named commanding general of Southern Luzon
. He directed guerrilla offensive moves in Cavite
.
He figured in a series of furious skirmishes with the troops of General Wheaton in January 1900 when he held the defense of Cavite
until his men where finally dispersed.
Trías set free all the Spanish prisoners under his command in May 1900.
Nine days after the capture of Aguinaldo
, Trías, accompanied by Severino de las Alas, former Secretary of the Interior, Ladislao Diwa
, ex-governor of Cavite
, two colonels, two lieutenant colonels and a number of majors, captains, and lieutenants, and some hundreds of soldiers with guns, voluntarily surrendered in Santa Cruz de Malabon, Cavite
to General Baldwin on May 13, 1901.
With the establishment of the civil government by the Americans, Civil Governor William Howard Taft
appointed him the first Civil Governor of Cavite
on June 11, 1901 in accordance with Act No. 139.
Trías was the founder of the Nacionalista Party
chapter in Cavite
. He supported the candidacy of Rafael Palma as assemblyman, representing the lone district of Cavite
in 1907. In the general elections of 1912, Trías was responsible for the election of Antero S. Soriano and Florentino Joya as Governor
and Representative
, respectively, of Cavite
.
He sailed to the United States
as member of the honorary board of Filipino commissioners to the Louisiana Purchase Exposition in 1904. After his term of office, he engaged in agricultural activities, but this was a brief respite from politics. He was the acting governor of Cavite
when he died of appendecitis at the Philippine General Hospital
on February 22, 1914. He was buried in Manila
. His remains were transferred to his hometown in 1923.
In his honor, the town of San Francisco de Malabon was renamed after him by virtue of Act No. 2880.
He married María Concepción Ferrer with whom he had eight children:
Jasmine Trias
, a Filipino-Hawaiian singer who contested at American Idol
in 2004, is his descendant.
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De facto
De facto is a Latin expression that means "concerning fact." In law, it often means "in practice but not necessarily ordained by law" or "in practice or actuality, but not officially established." It is commonly used in contrast to de jure when referring to matters of law, governance, or...
Philippine Vice President
Vice President of the Philippines
-Description:The Vice-President is the first in the Philippine line of succession, assuming the Presidency upon the death, resignation, or removal by impeachment and subsequent conviction of the incumbent. The position was abolished by Martial Law in 1972, and was not included in the original text...
of that revolutionary government established at the Tejeros Convention
Tejeros Convention
The Tejeros Convention was the meeting held between the Magdiwang and Magdalo factions of the Katipunan at San Francisco de Malabon, Cavite on March 22, 1897...
- an assembly of Philippine revolutionary leaders that elected officials of the revolutionary movement against the colonial government
History of the Philippines (1521–1898)
This article covers the history of the Philippines from the arrival of European explorer Ferdinand Magellan in 1521, up to the end of Spanish rule in 1898.-Spanish expeditions and conquest:...
of Spain
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
. When that assembly broke into factions, a truce known as the Pact of Biak na Bato was signed by the group and also recognized the elected officials and Trias as the vice president of Emilio Aguinaldo
Emilio Aguinaldo
Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy was a Filipino general, politician, and independence leader. He played an instrumental role during the Philippines' revolution against Spain, and the subsequent Philippine-American War or War of Philippine Independence that resisted American occupation...
, who is also considered to be the first President of the Philippines. With the promulgation of the Malolos Constitution
Malolos Constitution
The Malolos Constitution was enacted on January 20, 1899 by the Philippine Malolos Congress, and established the First Philippine Republic. The original was written in Spanish, which became the first official language of the Philippines....
by the Malolos Convention, the First Philippine Republic
First Philippine Republic
The Philippine Republic , more commonly known as the First Philippine Republic or the Malolos Republic was a short-lived insurgent revolutionary government in the Philippines...
was born. Under this Aguinaldo administration, Trias served in the cabinet as the Minister of War and Finance.
He was married to María Concepción Ferrer with whom he had eight children.
Early life and career
Mariano was the fifth of the nine children of Don Balbino Trias, a cabeza de barangayCabeza de Barangay
The Cabeza de Barangay was the leader or chief of a barangay in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period. The post was inherited from the first datus who became cabezas de barangay when the many independent barangays fell under the rule of the Spanish Crown...
and justice of the peace
Justice of the Peace
A justice of the peace is a puisne judicial officer elected or appointed by means of a commission to keep the peace. Depending on the jurisdiction, they might dispense summary justice or merely deal with local administrative applications in common law jurisdictions...
during the Spanish regime who, after his term of office, become a landowner-farmer. His mother was Gabriela Closas.
He had primary schooling under the tutorship of Eusebio Chaves and Cipriano Gonzales, both local school teachers. Later, he was sent to Manila
Manila
Manila is the capital of the Philippines. It is one of the sixteen cities forming Metro Manila.Manila is located on the eastern shores of Manila Bay and is bordered by Navotas and Caloocan to the north, Quezon City to the northeast, San Juan and Mandaluyong to the east, Makati on the southeast,...
and enrolled at Colegio de San Juan de Letran
Colegio de San Juan de Letran
The Colegio de San Juan de Letran, Letran College, or simply Letran is a private Roman Catholic institution of learning located in Intramuros, Manila, in the Philippines. The college was founded in 1620. Colegio de San Juan de Letran has the distinction of being the oldest college in the...
for his Bachelor of Arts
Bachelor of Arts
A Bachelor of Arts , from the Latin artium baccalaureus, is a bachelor's degree awarded for an undergraduate course or program in either the liberal arts, the sciences, or both...
, then to University of Santo Tomas
University of Santo Tomas
The Pontifical and Royal University of Santo Tomas, The Catholic University of the Philippines , is a private Roman Catholic university run by the Order of Preachers in Manila. Founded on April 28, 1611 by archbishop of Manila Miguel de Benavides, it has the oldest extant university charter in the...
for his course in Medicine
Medicine
Medicine is the science and art of healing. It encompasses a variety of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention and treatment of illness....
, which he was able to finish as he returned home to help his relatives manage the farm holdings.
Before the revolution in August 1896, he joined the Katipunan
Katipunan
The Katipunan was a Philippine revolutionary society founded by anti-Spanish Filipinos in Manila in 1892, whose primary aim was to gain independence from Spain through revolution. The society was initiated by Filipino patriots Andrés Bonifacio, Teodoro Plata, Ladislao Diwa, and others on the night...
and became an active propagandist of the society in the towns of Silang
Silang
Silang may refer to:*Diego Silang*Gabriela Silang*Silang, Cavite...
and Kawit. In the election of the Katipunan
Katipunan
The Katipunan was a Philippine revolutionary society founded by anti-Spanish Filipinos in Manila in 1892, whose primary aim was to gain independence from Spain through revolution. The society was initiated by Filipino patriots Andrés Bonifacio, Teodoro Plata, Ladislao Diwa, and others on the night...
popular council, which was organized by the Sangguniang Balangay of Mapagtiis, he was named fiscal.
When two councils of the Katipunan
Katipunan
The Katipunan was a Philippine revolutionary society founded by anti-Spanish Filipinos in Manila in 1892, whose primary aim was to gain independence from Spain through revolution. The society was initiated by Filipino patriots Andrés Bonifacio, Teodoro Plata, Ladislao Diwa, and others on the night...
revolutionist came into existence (namely, the Sangguniang Bayang Magdiwang
Magdiwang
Magdiwang can refer to the following:*Magdiwang , a faction of the Katipunan*Magdiwang, Romblon, a Philippine municipality...
and the Sangguniang Bayang Magdalo
Magdalo (Katipunan faction)
The Magdalo faction of the Katipunan was a chapter in Cavite, mostly led by ilustrados of that province.It was named after Mary Magdalene...
), both factions set up their respective councils of leaders. Trias became the Minister of Justice and hope of the Magdiwang
Magdiwang
Magdiwang can refer to the following:*Magdiwang , a faction of the Katipunan*Magdiwang, Romblon, a Philippine municipality...
group.
Assuming the nom-de-guerre Labong (which means "bamboo shoot
Bamboo shoot
Bamboo shoots or bamboo sprouts are the edible shoots of many bamboo species including Bambusa vulgaris and Phyllostachys edulis. They are used in numerous Asian dishes and broths...
s"), he recruited troops and solicited contributions from rich Filipinos
Filipino people
The Filipino people or Filipinos are an Austronesian ethnic group native to the islands of the Philippines. There are about 92 million Filipinos in the Philippines, and about 11 million living outside the Philippines ....
in Indang and Alfonso
Alfonso
Alfonso , Alfons , Afonso , Affonso , Alphonse, Alfonse , Αλφόνσος , Alphonsus , Alphons , Alfonsu in ,...
, Cavite
Cavite
Cavite is a province of the Philippines located on the southern shores of Manila Bay in the CALABARZON region in Luzon, just 30 kilometers south of Manila. Cavite is surrounded by Laguna to the east, Metro Manila to the northeast, and Batangas to the south...
, to help finance the effect.
After he was criticized by the Magsaya council for establishing a public army, he joined the Magdalo.
Vice-Presidency
On March 22, 1897, a second assembly of KatipunanKatipunan
The Katipunan was a Philippine revolutionary society founded by anti-Spanish Filipinos in Manila in 1892, whose primary aim was to gain independence from Spain through revolution. The society was initiated by Filipino patriots Andrés Bonifacio, Teodoro Plata, Ladislao Diwa, and others on the night...
leaders from both factions was held, this time at Tejeros, near the coast, in the heart of the Magdiwang
Magdiwang
Magdiwang can refer to the following:*Magdiwang , a faction of the Katipunan*Magdiwang, Romblon, a Philippine municipality...
territory. This happened while Aguinaldo
Emilio Aguinaldo
Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy was a Filipino general, politician, and independence leader. He played an instrumental role during the Philippines' revolution against Spain, and the subsequent Philippine-American War or War of Philippine Independence that resisted American occupation...
and the Magdalo
Magdalo (Katipunan faction)
The Magdalo faction of the Katipunan was a chapter in Cavite, mostly led by ilustrados of that province.It was named after Mary Magdalene...
factions were desperately trying to stop the advancing of the Lachambre soldiers. After a stormy debate, it was agreed to set up a new government, replacing that of the Katipunan
Katipunan
The Katipunan was a Philippine revolutionary society founded by anti-Spanish Filipinos in Manila in 1892, whose primary aim was to gain independence from Spain through revolution. The society was initiated by Filipino patriots Andrés Bonifacio, Teodoro Plata, Ladislao Diwa, and others on the night...
. Nine positions were to be filled. By secret ballot
Secret ballot
The secret ballot is a voting method in which a voter's choices in an election or a referendum are anonymous. The key aim is to ensure the voter records a sincere choice by forestalling attempts to influence the voter by intimidation or bribery. The system is one means of achieving the goal of...
, Emilio Aguinaldo
Emilio Aguinaldo
Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy was a Filipino general, politician, and independence leader. He played an instrumental role during the Philippines' revolution against Spain, and the subsequent Philippine-American War or War of Philippine Independence that resisted American occupation...
who was absent, defending Imus
Imus
-Places:* Imus, Cavite, a Philippine municipality*Imus Ranch, an American cattle ranch and children's charity-People:* Don Imus, an American television and radio host* Fred Imus, an American radio host and the younger brother of radio talk show host Don Imus...
against the forthcoming attack by Governor Lachambre was elected president and Mariano Trías as vice president. Bonifacio
Andres Bonifacio
Andrés Bonifacio y de Castro was a Filipino nationalist and revolutionary. He was a founder and later Supremo of the Katipunan movement which sought the independence of the Philippines from Spanish colonial rule and started the Philippine Revolution...
was defeated for both positions.
At the revolutionary assembly convoked by Aguinaldo
Emilio Aguinaldo
Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy was a Filipino general, politician, and independence leader. He played an instrumental role during the Philippines' revolution against Spain, and the subsequent Philippine-American War or War of Philippine Independence that resisted American occupation...
in Naic
NAIC
NAIC is an initialism for* The National Association of Investors Corporation* The National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center* The North American Industry Classification System* The National Association of Insurance Commissioners...
, Cavite
Cavite
Cavite is a province of the Philippines located on the southern shores of Manila Bay in the CALABARZON region in Luzon, just 30 kilometers south of Manila. Cavite is surrounded by Laguna to the east, Metro Manila to the northeast, and Batangas to the south...
after Easter Sunday of 1897, Trías was again chosen as vice president of the new government.He led several attacks in Cavite and Laguna against Spanish forces. On November 1, 1897, the Biac-na-Bato Republic was established. Emilio Aguinaldo
Emilio Aguinaldo
Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy was a Filipino general, politician, and independence leader. He played an instrumental role during the Philippines' revolution against Spain, and the subsequent Philippine-American War or War of Philippine Independence that resisted American occupation...
was president and Trías was vice-president. However, Trias is not considered to be a vice-president of the Philippines as the Biak-na-Bato pact did not proclaim a sovereign state.
Later life and career
After the abolition of the dictatorial government and the establishment of the revolutionary government, Mariano Trias was appointed on July 15, 1898 as Secretary of Finance and continued in this office after the transfer of seat of the government to Malolos. In the Paterno CabinetPedro Paterno
Pedro Alejandro Paterno y de Vera-Ignacio, also spelled Pedro Alejandro Paterno y Debera Ignacio was a Filipino politician, as well as a poet and novelist.His intervention on behalf of the Spanish led to the signing of the Pact of...
, which succeeded the Mabini Cabinet
Apolinario Mabini
Apolinario Mabini y Maranan was a Filipino political philosopher and revolutionary who wrote a constitutional plan for the of 1899-1901, and served as its first prime minister in 1899...
, he held the position of secretary of war. After the revolutionary government forces were practically dispersed in Central Luzon
Central Luzon
Central Luzon , also known as Region III , is an administrative division or region of the Republic of the Philippines, primarily serve to organize the 7 provinces of the vast central plain of the island of Luzon , for administrative convenience...
, he was named commanding general of Southern Luzon
Southern Tagalog
Southern Tagalog, or Region IV, was a region of the Philippines that is now composed of Region IV-A and Region IV-B . Region IV was split into the two regions on May 17, 2002...
. He directed guerrilla offensive moves in Cavite
Cavite
Cavite is a province of the Philippines located on the southern shores of Manila Bay in the CALABARZON region in Luzon, just 30 kilometers south of Manila. Cavite is surrounded by Laguna to the east, Metro Manila to the northeast, and Batangas to the south...
.
He figured in a series of furious skirmishes with the troops of General Wheaton in January 1900 when he held the defense of Cavite
Cavite
Cavite is a province of the Philippines located on the southern shores of Manila Bay in the CALABARZON region in Luzon, just 30 kilometers south of Manila. Cavite is surrounded by Laguna to the east, Metro Manila to the northeast, and Batangas to the south...
until his men where finally dispersed.
Trías set free all the Spanish prisoners under his command in May 1900.
Nine days after the capture of Aguinaldo
Emilio Aguinaldo
Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy was a Filipino general, politician, and independence leader. He played an instrumental role during the Philippines' revolution against Spain, and the subsequent Philippine-American War or War of Philippine Independence that resisted American occupation...
, Trías, accompanied by Severino de las Alas, former Secretary of the Interior, Ladislao Diwa
Ladislao Diwa
Ladislao Diwa y Nocon was a Filipino patriot who was among the founders of the Katipunan that initiated the Philippine Revolution against Spain in 1896.-Early years:...
, ex-governor of Cavite
Cavite
Cavite is a province of the Philippines located on the southern shores of Manila Bay in the CALABARZON region in Luzon, just 30 kilometers south of Manila. Cavite is surrounded by Laguna to the east, Metro Manila to the northeast, and Batangas to the south...
, two colonels, two lieutenant colonels and a number of majors, captains, and lieutenants, and some hundreds of soldiers with guns, voluntarily surrendered in Santa Cruz de Malabon, Cavite
Cavite
Cavite is a province of the Philippines located on the southern shores of Manila Bay in the CALABARZON region in Luzon, just 30 kilometers south of Manila. Cavite is surrounded by Laguna to the east, Metro Manila to the northeast, and Batangas to the south...
to General Baldwin on May 13, 1901.
With the establishment of the civil government by the Americans, Civil Governor William Howard Taft
William Howard Taft
William Howard Taft was the 27th President of the United States and later the tenth Chief Justice of the United States...
appointed him the first Civil Governor of Cavite
Cavite
Cavite is a province of the Philippines located on the southern shores of Manila Bay in the CALABARZON region in Luzon, just 30 kilometers south of Manila. Cavite is surrounded by Laguna to the east, Metro Manila to the northeast, and Batangas to the south...
on June 11, 1901 in accordance with Act No. 139.
Trías was the founder of the Nacionalista Party
Nacionalista Party
The Nacionalista Party is the oldest political party in the Philippines today and was responsible for leading the country throughout the majority of the 20th century since its founding in 1907...
chapter in Cavite
Cavite
Cavite is a province of the Philippines located on the southern shores of Manila Bay in the CALABARZON region in Luzon, just 30 kilometers south of Manila. Cavite is surrounded by Laguna to the east, Metro Manila to the northeast, and Batangas to the south...
. He supported the candidacy of Rafael Palma as assemblyman, representing the lone district of Cavite
Cavite
Cavite is a province of the Philippines located on the southern shores of Manila Bay in the CALABARZON region in Luzon, just 30 kilometers south of Manila. Cavite is surrounded by Laguna to the east, Metro Manila to the northeast, and Batangas to the south...
in 1907. In the general elections of 1912, Trías was responsible for the election of Antero S. Soriano and Florentino Joya as Governor
Governor
A governor is a governing official, usually the executive of a non-sovereign level of government, ranking under the head of state...
and Representative
Legislator
A legislator is a person who writes and passes laws, especially someone who is a member of a legislature. Legislators are usually politicians and are often elected by the people...
, respectively, of Cavite
Cavite
Cavite is a province of the Philippines located on the southern shores of Manila Bay in the CALABARZON region in Luzon, just 30 kilometers south of Manila. Cavite is surrounded by Laguna to the east, Metro Manila to the northeast, and Batangas to the south...
.
He sailed to the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
as member of the honorary board of Filipino commissioners to the Louisiana Purchase Exposition in 1904. After his term of office, he engaged in agricultural activities, but this was a brief respite from politics. He was the acting governor of Cavite
Cavite
Cavite is a province of the Philippines located on the southern shores of Manila Bay in the CALABARZON region in Luzon, just 30 kilometers south of Manila. Cavite is surrounded by Laguna to the east, Metro Manila to the northeast, and Batangas to the south...
when he died of appendecitis at the Philippine General Hospital
Philippine General Hospital
The Philippine General Hospital is a tertiary state-owned hospital administered and operated by the University of the Philippines Manila, the University of the Philippines System's Health Sciences Center. It is the largest government hospital administered by the university, and is designated as...
on February 22, 1914. He was buried in Manila
Manila
Manila is the capital of the Philippines. It is one of the sixteen cities forming Metro Manila.Manila is located on the eastern shores of Manila Bay and is bordered by Navotas and Caloocan to the north, Quezon City to the northeast, San Juan and Mandaluyong to the east, Makati on the southeast,...
. His remains were transferred to his hometown in 1923.
In his honor, the town of San Francisco de Malabon was renamed after him by virtue of Act No. 2880.
Descendants
Mariano Trias had two brothers, Pedro Trias and Maximino Trias.He married María Concepción Ferrer with whom he had eight children:
- Rafael Trias, married to Concepcion Magtibay, children Rafael Trias Jr., Francisco Trias, Gregorio Trias, Antonio Trias and Manuel Trias.
- Gabriel Trias, married to Mercedes P. Trias, children Nimia Trias, Felina Trias, Marina Trias, Editha Trias, Gabriel Trias Jr., and Constancia Trias.
- Maximino Trias, married to Catalina Raqueno, son Jose Trias.
- Jose Trias, married to Nieves Basa, children Balbino Trias, Gabriel Trias, Lorenso Trias, Isabel Trias, Donata Trias, Eleuterio Trias, and Andrea Trias.
- Balbino Trias, married to Mariquita Cupino, daughters Angelina Trias, Georgina Trias, Azucena Trias and Gregoria Trias.
- Gabriel Trias, married to Felicitas Solis, children Nieves Trias, Felicitas Trias, Gabriel Trias, Jr., Joseph Trias, Arielle Trias Flores and Catherine Trias-Jones.
- Lorenzo Trias, married to Filomena Cruz, sons Alexander Trias and Maximino Trias.
- Isabel Trias
- Eleuterio Basa Trias, married to Manuela Pengson Lopez, children Alfredo Trias, Irene Trias, Noela Trias, Edwin Trias, Eleuterio Trias, Jr., Jose Trias, Emmanuel Luis Trias, Elman Apollo Trias.
- Andrea Trias, married to Alfredo Reyes: Anne Reyes, Antonette Reyes, Alfredo Reyes, Jr., and Adrian Reyes
Jasmine Trias
Jasmine Trias
Jasmine Trias is an American singer-entertainer who was the third place finalist on the third season of American Idol, due in part to tremendous call-in support from California, New York, and her native state of Hawaii. She has released one album to date, Jasmine Trias...
, a Filipino-Hawaiian singer who contested at American Idol
American Idol
American Idol, titled American Idol: The Search for a Superstar for the first season, is a reality television singing competition created by Simon Fuller and produced by FremantleMedia North America and 19 Entertainment...
in 2004, is his descendant.
External links
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