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The Second Philippine Republic, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines , was a state in the Philippines established in October 14, 1943 under Japanese occupation
Japanese occupation of the Philippines

The Japanese occupation of the Philippines was the period in the history of the Philippines between 1941 and 1945, when the Empire of Japan occupied Commonwealth of the Philippines during World War II....
.

President
President of the Philippines

File:Flag President of Philippines.pngThe President of the Philippines is the head of state and government of the Philippines. The President of the Philippines in Filipino is referred to as Ang Pangulo or Pangulo ....
 Manuel L. Quezon
Manuel L. Quezon

Manuel Luis Quezon y Molina was the first Filipino people president of the Commonwealth of the Philippines under U.S. occupation rule in the early period of the 20th century....
 declared Manila
Manila

The 'City of Manila' , or simply 'Manila', is the Capital of the Philippines and one of the 17 cities and municipalities that make up Metro Manila....
, the capital, an "open city
Open city

In war, in the event of the imminent capture of a city, the government/military structure of the nation that controls the city will sometimes declare it an open city, thus announcing that they have abandoned all defensive efforts....
" and left it under the rule of Jorge B. Vargas
Jorge B. Vargas

Jorge B. Vargas was a lawyer and youth advocate born in Bago City, Negros Occidental, Philippines. He graduated valedictorian from Bacolod High School in 1909 and obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1911 and a Bachelor of Law degree with honors in 1914, both from the University of the Philippines....
, as mayor. The Japanese entered the city on January 2, 1942 and established it as the capital. Japan fully captured the Philippines on May 6, 1942, after the Battle of Corregidor
Battle of Corregidor

The Battle for Corregidor was the culmination of the Empire of Japan campaign for the conquest of the Commonwealth of the Philippines. The fall of Bataan on April 9, 1942 ended all organized opposition by the U.S....
.

General Masaharu Homma
Masaharu Homma

was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army. He is noteworthy for his role in the invasion and occupation of the Philippines during World War II. Homma, who was an amateur painter and playwright, was also known as the Poet General....
 dissolved the Commonwealth of the Philippines
Commonwealth of the Philippines

The Commonwealth of the Philippines was the political designation of the Philippines from 1934 to 1946 when the country was a Commonwealth with the United States....
 and established the Philippine Executive Commission
Philippine Executive Commission

The Philippine Executive Commission or PEC was established on January of 1942 with Jorge B. Vargas as its first Chairman. The PEC was created as the temporary care-taker government of the Greater Manila area and eventually of the whole Philippines during the History_of_the_Philippines#World_War_II_and_Japanese_occupation during World Wa...
, a caretaker government, with Vargas as its first chairman.






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The Second Philippine Republic, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines , was a state in the Philippines established in October 14, 1943 under Japanese occupation
Japanese occupation of the Philippines

The Japanese occupation of the Philippines was the period in the history of the Philippines between 1941 and 1945, when the Empire of Japan occupied Commonwealth of the Philippines during World War II....
.

President
President of the Philippines

File:Flag President of Philippines.pngThe President of the Philippines is the head of state and government of the Philippines. The President of the Philippines in Filipino is referred to as Ang Pangulo or Pangulo ....
 Manuel L. Quezon
Manuel L. Quezon

Manuel Luis Quezon y Molina was the first Filipino people president of the Commonwealth of the Philippines under U.S. occupation rule in the early period of the 20th century....
 declared Manila
Manila

The 'City of Manila' , or simply 'Manila', is the Capital of the Philippines and one of the 17 cities and municipalities that make up Metro Manila....
, the capital, an "open city
Open city

In war, in the event of the imminent capture of a city, the government/military structure of the nation that controls the city will sometimes declare it an open city, thus announcing that they have abandoned all defensive efforts....
" and left it under the rule of Jorge B. Vargas
Jorge B. Vargas

Jorge B. Vargas was a lawyer and youth advocate born in Bago City, Negros Occidental, Philippines. He graduated valedictorian from Bacolod High School in 1909 and obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1911 and a Bachelor of Law degree with honors in 1914, both from the University of the Philippines....
, as mayor. The Japanese entered the city on January 2, 1942 and established it as the capital. Japan fully captured the Philippines on May 6, 1942, after the Battle of Corregidor
Battle of Corregidor

The Battle for Corregidor was the culmination of the Empire of Japan campaign for the conquest of the Commonwealth of the Philippines. The fall of Bataan on April 9, 1942 ended all organized opposition by the U.S....
.

General Masaharu Homma
Masaharu Homma

was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army. He is noteworthy for his role in the invasion and occupation of the Philippines during World War II. Homma, who was an amateur painter and playwright, was also known as the Poet General....
 dissolved the Commonwealth of the Philippines
Commonwealth of the Philippines

The Commonwealth of the Philippines was the political designation of the Philippines from 1934 to 1946 when the country was a Commonwealth with the United States....
 and established the Philippine Executive Commission
Philippine Executive Commission

The Philippine Executive Commission or PEC was established on January of 1942 with Jorge B. Vargas as its first Chairman. The PEC was created as the temporary care-taker government of the Greater Manila area and eventually of the whole Philippines during the History_of_the_Philippines#World_War_II_and_Japanese_occupation during World Wa...
, a caretaker government, with Vargas as its first chairman. All political parties were banned and replaced by the non-partisan KALIBAPI
KALIBAPI

The Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas , or KALIBAPI, was a Philippines political party that served as the sole party of state during the Japanese occupation of the Philippines....
 – Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas (Tagalog
Tagalog language

Tagalog is one of the major languages used in the Philippines. It is a basis for the Filipino language, which is the principal language of the national television and radio, though broadsheet newspapers are almost completely in English....
 for the "Organization in the Service of the New Philippines"). KALIBAPI's director-general was Benigno Q. Aquino
Benigno Aquino, Sr.

Benigno Quiambao Aquino , or Benigno Aquino, Sr., was a Filipino people politician who served as Speaker of the Philippine House of Representatives of the Second Philippine Republic National Assembly from 1943 to 1944....
.

A constitution
Constitution of the Philippines

The Constitution of the Philippines is the supreme law of the Philippines.The Constitution currently in effect was enacted in 1987, during the administration of President of the Philippines Corazon Aquino, and is popularly known as the "1987 Constitution"....
 was formed by the Preparatory Commission for Independence, consisting of 20 members from the KALIBAPI. The Preparatory Commission, led by José P. Laurel
Jose P. Laurel

Jos? Paciano Laurel y Garc?a was the president of the Japanese-Sponsored Republic of the Philippines during World War II, from 1943 to 1945.Laurel was not subsequently officially recognized as a Philippine president until the administration of Diosdado Macapagal....
, presented its draft Constitution on September 4, 1943 and three days later, the KALIBAPI general assembly ratified the draft Constitution.

By September 20, 1943, the KALIBAPI's representative groups in the country's provinces and cities elected from among themselves fifty-four members of the Philippine National Assembly
National Assembly

The National Assembly is either a legislature, or the lower house of a bicameral legislature in some countries. The best known National Assembly, and the first legislature to be known by this title, was that established during the French Revolution in 1789, known as the National Assembly ....
, the legislature of the country, with fifty-four governors and city mayors as ex-officio members.

Three days after establishing the National Assembly, its inaugural session was held at the pre-war Legislative Building and it elected by majority Benigno Q. Aquino
Benigno Aquino, Sr.

Benigno Quiambao Aquino , or Benigno Aquino, Sr., was a Filipino people politician who served as Speaker of the Philippine House of Representatives of the Second Philippine Republic National Assembly from 1943 to 1944....
 as its first Speaker and José P. Laurel as President of the Republic of the Philippines
President of the Philippines

File:Flag President of Philippines.pngThe President of the Philippines is the head of state and government of the Philippines. The President of the Philippines in Filipino is referred to as Ang Pangulo or Pangulo ....
, who was inaugurated on October 15, 1943 at the foundation of the Republic.

See also

  • Japanese occupation of the Philippines
    Japanese occupation of the Philippines

    The Japanese occupation of the Philippines was the period in the history of the Philippines between 1941 and 1945, when the Empire of Japan occupied Commonwealth of the Philippines during World War II....
  • Military history of the Philippines during World War II
    Military history of the Philippines during World War II

    In September 1940, Germany, Italy, and Japan had allied under the Tripartite Pact. In July 1940 the United States banned the shipment of aviation gasoline to Japan, and by 1941 shipments of scrap iron, steel, gasoline, and other materials had practically ceased....