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The Line of Actual Control (LAC) is the effective border between India
India

India, officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, the List of countries by population country, and the most populous liberal democracy in the world....
 and China
China

China is a Culture of China, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....
. The LAC is 4,057-km long and traverses three areas of northern Indian states: western (Ladakh
Ladakh

Ladakh is a region in the Indian Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir between the Kunlun Mountains mountain range in the north and the main Great Himalayas to the south, inhabited by people of Indo-Aryans and Tibetan people descent....
, Kashmir
Kashmir

Kashmir is the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent. Until the mid-19th century, the term "Kashmir" referred only to the valley lying between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal range; since then, it has been used for a larger area that today includes the Indian administerd state of Jammu and Kashmir consisting of the Kashmir...
), middle (Uttarakhand
Uttarakhand

Uttarakhand , is a States and territories of India located in the northern part of India. It was carved out of Himalayan and adjoining districts of Uttar Pradesh on 9 November 2000, becoming the 27th States and territories of India of the Republic of India ....
, Himachal) and eastern (Sikkim
Sikkim

Sikkim is a landlocked States and territories of India nestled in the Himalayas. It is the least populous state in India, and the second-smallest in area after Goa....
, Arunachal).

Chinese Prime Minister Zhou Enlai
Zhou Enlai

Zhou Enlai was the first Premier of the People's Republic of China, serving from October 1949 until his death in January 1976. Zhou was instrumental in the Communist Party of China rise to power, and subsequently in the construction of the Economy of the People's Republic of China and restructuring of Chinese society....
 used the phrase in a letter addressed to Indian Prime Minister Nehru dated October 24, 1959.






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Kashmir Map
The Line of Actual Control (LAC) is the effective border between India
India

India, officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, the List of countries by population country, and the most populous liberal democracy in the world....
 and China
China

China is a Culture of China, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....
. The LAC is 4,057-km long and traverses three areas of northern Indian states: western (Ladakh
Ladakh

Ladakh is a region in the Indian Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir between the Kunlun Mountains mountain range in the north and the main Great Himalayas to the south, inhabited by people of Indo-Aryans and Tibetan people descent....
, Kashmir
Kashmir

Kashmir is the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent. Until the mid-19th century, the term "Kashmir" referred only to the valley lying between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal range; since then, it has been used for a larger area that today includes the Indian administerd state of Jammu and Kashmir consisting of the Kashmir...
), middle (Uttarakhand
Uttarakhand

Uttarakhand , is a States and territories of India located in the northern part of India. It was carved out of Himalayan and adjoining districts of Uttar Pradesh on 9 November 2000, becoming the 27th States and territories of India of the Republic of India ....
, Himachal) and eastern (Sikkim
Sikkim

Sikkim is a landlocked States and territories of India nestled in the Himalayas. It is the least populous state in India, and the second-smallest in area after Goa....
, Arunachal).

Chinese Prime Minister Zhou Enlai
Zhou Enlai

Zhou Enlai was the first Premier of the People's Republic of China, serving from October 1949 until his death in January 1976. Zhou was instrumental in the Communist Party of China rise to power, and subsequently in the construction of the Economy of the People's Republic of China and restructuring of Chinese society....
 used the phrase in a letter addressed to Indian Prime Minister Nehru dated October 24, 1959. In a letter dated November 7, Zhou told Nehru that the LAC consisted of "the so-called McMahon Line
McMahon Line

The McMahon Line is a demarcation line drawn on map referred to in the Simla Accord , a treaty between United Kingdom and Tibet signed in 1914 at the end of the Simla Convention....
 in the east and the line up to which each side exercises actual control in the west". During the Sino-Indian War
Sino-Indian War

The Sino-Indian War , also known as the Sino-Indian Border Conflict, was a war between People's Republic of China and India. Although China had been preparing an offensive against India for several years for a variety of motives, the pretext given was a territorial dispute concerning a Himalayas region known in India as Arunachal Prades...
 (1962), Nehru claimed not to know where the line was: "There is no sense or meaning in the Chinese offer to withdraw twenty kilometers from what they call 'line of actual control'. What is this 'line of control'? Is this the line they have created by aggression since the beginning of September? Advancing forty or sixty kilometers by blatant military aggression and offering to withdraw twenty kilometers provided both sides do this is a deceptive device which can fool nobody."

See also

  • McMahon Line
    McMahon Line

    The McMahon Line is a demarcation line drawn on map referred to in the Simla Accord , a treaty between United Kingdom and Tibet signed in 1914 at the end of the Simla Convention....
  • Aksai Chin
    Aksai Chin

    Aksai Chin is an area located in north eastern Kashmir in the Ladakh area, adjacent to East Turkistan and Tibet , both restive and seditious countries held by China....
  • Arunachal Pradesh
    Arunachal Pradesh

    'Arunachal Pradesh' is the easternmost States and territories of India of India. Arunachal Pradesh borders with the state of Assam to the south and Nagaland to the southeast....
    , called "South Tibet
    South Tibet

    South Tibet is the name used by the government of the People's Republic of China for a geographic area that is the focus of border dispute between India and the People's Republic of China....
    " by China.
  • by Venkatesan Vembu, Daily News & Analysis, May 13, 2007