Judæo-Iranian languages
Encyclopedia
The Judæo-Iranian languages include a number of related Jewish languages
spoken throughout the formerly extensive realm of the Persian Empire, usually including all the Jewish Iranian languages
:
Like most Jewish languages, all the Judæo-Iranian languages contain great numbers of Hebrew
loanword
s, and are written using variations of the Hebrew alphabet
.
Jewish languages
Jewish languages are the various languages and dialects that developed in Jewish communities around the world.Although Hebrew was the daily speech of the Jewish people for centuries, by the fifth century BCE, the closely related Aramaic joined Hebrew as the spoken language in Judea and by the third...
spoken throughout the formerly extensive realm of the Persian Empire, usually including all the Jewish Iranian languages
Iranian languages
The Iranian languages form a subfamily of the Indo-Iranian languages which in turn is a subgroup of Indo-European language family. They have been and are spoken by Iranian peoples....
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- Dzhidi (literary Judæo-Persian)
- Bukhori (Judæo-Bukharic, Judæo-Tajik, the Jewish language of the distinctive Jewish community centered in BukharaBukharaBukhara , from the Soghdian βuxārak , is the capital of the Bukhara Province of Uzbekistan. The nation's fifth-largest city, it has a population of 263,400 . The region around Bukhara has been inhabited for at least five millennia, and the city has existed for half that time...
) - Judæo-Golpaygani (the Judæo-Persian language traditionally spoken in the environs of GulpaiganGulpaiganGolpayegan is a city in and the capital of Golpayegan County, Isfahan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 47,849, in 14,263 families.Golpayegan is located northwest of Isfahan and southeast of Arak, situated at an altitude of 1,830 m....
and western Isfahan Province, IranIranIran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia...
) - Judæo-Yazdi (spoken in the environs of YazdYazdYazd is the capital of Yazd Province in Iran, and a centre of Zoroastrian culture. The city is located some 175 miles southeast of Isfahan. At the 2006 census, the population was 423,006, in 114,716 families....
and elsewhere in Yazd ProvinceYazd ProvinceYazd Province is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the centre of the country, and its administrative center is the city of Yazd.The province has an area of 131,575 km², and according to the most recent divisions of the country, is divided into eleven counties: Maybod, Mehreez, Taft,...
, in central Iran) - Judæo-Kermani (spoken in KermanKerman- Geological characteristics :For the Iranian paleontologists, Kerman has always been considered a fossil paradise. Finding new dinosaur footprints in 2005 has now revealed new hopes for paleontologists to better understand the history of this area.- Economy :...
and elsewhere in Kerman Province, in south-central Iran) - Judæo-ShiraziJudeo-ShiraziJudeo-Shirazi is a dialect form of the Persian language. It is spoken mostly by Persian Jews living in Shiraz and surrounding areas of the Fars Province in Iran.-External links:*...
(spoken in ShirazShirazShiraz may refer to:* Shiraz, Iran, a city in Iran* Shiraz County, an administrative subdivision of Iran* Vosketap, Armenia, formerly called ShirazPeople:* Hovhannes Shiraz, Armenian poet* Ara Shiraz, Armenian sculptor...
and elsewhere in Fars Province, in southwestern Iran) - Judæo-Esfahani (spoken in IsfahanIsfahan (city)Isfahan , historically also rendered in English as Ispahan, Sepahan or Hispahan, is the capital of Isfahan Province in Iran, located about 340 km south of Tehran. It has a population of 1,583,609, Iran's third largest city after Tehran and Mashhad...
and environs, as well as elsewhere in central and southern Isfahan Province, Iran) - Judæo-Hamedani (spoken in HamadanHamadan-Culture:Hamadan is home to many poets and cultural celebrities. The city is also said to be among the world's oldest continuously inhabited cities.Handicrafts: Hamadan has always been well known for handicrafts like leather, ceramic, and beautiful carpets....
and elsewhere in Hamadan ProvinceHamadan ProvinceHamedan Province is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its center is Hamedan city. The province of Hamedan covers an area of 19,546 km². In the year 1996, Hamedan province had a population of approximately 1.7 million people....
, in western Iran) - Judæo-Kashani (spoken in KashanKashanKashan is a city in and the capital of Kashan County, in the province of Isfahan, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 248,789, in 67,464 families....
and elsewhere in northern Isfahan Province, in western Iran) - Judæo-Borujerdi (spoken in BorujerdBorujerdBorujerd is a city in and capital of Borujerd County, Lorestan Province in western Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 227,547, in 59,388 families....
and elsewhere in Lorestan ProvinceLorestan ProvinceLorestan Province is a historic territory and province of western Iran, amidst the Zagros Mountains. The population of Lorestan was estimated at 1,716,527 people in 2006.Lorestan covers an area of 28,392 km²...
, in western Iran) - Judæo-Nehevandi (spoken in NahavandNahavandNahavand is a city in and capital of Nahavand County, Hamadan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 72,218, in 19,419 families. It is located south of Hamadan, east of Malayer and northwest of Borujerd...
and elsewhere in northern Hamadan Province, in western Iran) - Judæo-Khunsari (spoken in KhansarKhansarKhvansar is a city in and the capital of Khvansar County, Isfahan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 20,490, in 6,019 families....
and elsewhere in far-western Isfahan Province, in western Iran) - JuhuriJuhuri languageJuhuri, Juwuri or Judæo-Tat is a form of the Tat language and is the traditional language of the Mountain Jews of the eastern Caucasus Mountains, especially Azerbaijan and Dagestan, now mainly spoken in Israel....
(Judæo-TatTat languageThe Tat language or Tat/Tati Persian or Tati is a Southwestern Iranian language and a variety of Persian spoken by the Tats in Azerbaijan and Russia. According to the Ethnologue, it's spoken by 18,000 people in Azerbaijan, 8000 in Iran, and 2300 in Russia. Its written form is related to Middle...
) - Judæo-Kurdish (not to be confused with several Jewish Neo-Aramaic languagesJudeo-Aramaic languageJudæo-Aramaic is a collective term used to describe several Hebrew-influenced Aramaic and Neo-Aramaic languages.-Early use:Aramaic, like Hebrew, is a Northwest Semitic language, and the two share many features. From the 7th century BCE, Aramaic became the lingua franca of the Middle East...
which are also sometimes called "Judeo-Kurdish")
Like most Jewish languages, all the Judæo-Iranian languages contain great numbers of Hebrew
Hebrew language
Hebrew is a Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family. Culturally, is it considered by Jews and other religious groups as the language of the Jewish people, though other Jewish languages had originated among diaspora Jews, and the Hebrew language is also used by non-Jewish groups, such...
loanword
Loanword
A loanword is a word borrowed from a donor language and incorporated into a recipient language. By contrast, a calque or loan translation is a related concept where the meaning or idiom is borrowed rather than the lexical item itself. The word loanword is itself a calque of the German Lehnwort,...
s, and are written using variations of the Hebrew alphabet
Hebrew alphabet
The Hebrew alphabet , known variously by scholars as the Jewish script, square script, block script, or more historically, the Assyrian script, is used in the writing of the Hebrew language, as well as other Jewish languages, most notably Yiddish, Ladino, and Judeo-Arabic. There have been two...
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