Juan Pizarro II
Encyclopedia
Juan Pizarro y Alonso was a Spanish
conquistador
who accompanied his brothers Francisco
, Gonzalo
and Hernándo Pizarro
for the conquest of Peru
in 1532.
of infantry
served in the Italian campaigns
under Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba
, and in Navarre
, with some distinction, and María Alonso, from Trujillo
. Half brother of Francisco
and Hernándo Pizarro
. Full brother of Gonzalo Pizarro
.
Juan and his brothers, led by Francisco and friend Diego de Almagro
, conquered the mighty Inca Empire
and the sacred
Inca capital, Cuzco in 1533. They imprisoned and executed the Inca Emperor
Atahualpa
and stole the gold
treasure
s from the city. Juan, Hernándo and Gonzalo Pizarro
were then appointed to garrison the city of Cuzco by Francisco Pizarro
when he departed to explore the northern west coast of Peru and founded Lima
in 1535.
Juan, Gonzalo and Hernándo ruled Cuzco as a dictatorship
, torturing and executing those who refused to accept Spanish rule.
On May 6, 1536, the Incas, led by the crowned puppet Inca Emperor Manco Inca Yupanqui
, rebelled due to mistreatment and gathered 100,000 Inca warriors to overthrow the Spaniards in Cuzco. This led to many siege
s and battle
s for control of the land, over ten months. The Incas, however, failed to drive the Spaniards from the city, as many succumbed to small pox.
Juan eventually died in the battle of Sacsayhuamán
, an Inca fortress near Cuzco. He was attempting to break the siege of Cuzco by leading an army out of the palace
and attacking the Inca fortress. Juan Pizarro was struck on the head by a large stone hurled by an Inca warrior
as he was trying to climb the high walls of Sacsayhuamán
. Juan's soldiers won the battle, gained control of the fortress and weakened the Inca's control of Cuzco.
Juan's death did not stop the Spanish from destroying the Incas. In 1536-37, his brother, Francisco Pizarro
, led an army of 300 soldiers into the port of Lima, and due to the superiority of their heavily armed cavalry, defeated the Manco Inca force. Manco eventually lifted the siege upon the arrival of Diego de Almagro
with another Spanish contingent and withdrew to the jungles of Vilcabamba
.
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
conquistador
Conquistador
Conquistadors were Spanish soldiers, explorers, and adventurers who brought much of the Americas under the control of Spain in the 15th to 16th centuries, following Europe's discovery of the New World by Christopher Columbus in 1492...
who accompanied his brothers Francisco
Francisco Pizarro
Francisco Pizarro González, Marquess was a Spanish conquistador, conqueror of the Incan Empire, and founder of Lima, the modern-day capital of the Republic of Peru.-Early life:...
, Gonzalo
Gonzalo Pizarro
Gonzalo Pizarro y Alonso was a Spanish conquistador and younger paternal half-brother of Francisco Pizarro, the conqueror of the Inca Empire...
and Hernándo Pizarro
Hernándo Pizarro
Hernando Pizarro y de Vargas was a Spanish conquistador and one of the Pizarro brothers who ruled over Peru...
for the conquest of Peru
Peru
Peru , officially the Republic of Peru , is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean....
in 1532.
Biography
Out-of-wedlock son of Captain Gonzalo Pizarro y Rodríguez de Aguilar (senior) (1446–1522) who as colonelColonel
Colonel , abbreviated Col or COL, is a military rank of a senior commissioned officer. It or a corresponding rank exists in most armies and in many air forces; the naval equivalent rank is generally "Captain". It is also used in some police forces and other paramilitary rank structures...
of infantry
Infantry
Infantrymen are soldiers who are specifically trained for the role of fighting on foot to engage the enemy face to face and have historically borne the brunt of the casualties of combat in wars. As the oldest branch of combat arms, they are the backbone of armies...
served in the Italian campaigns
Italian Wars
The Italian Wars, often referred to as the Great Italian Wars or the Great Wars of Italy and sometimes as the Habsburg–Valois Wars, were a series of conflicts from 1494 to 1559 that involved, at various times, most of the city-states of Italy, the Papal States, most of the major states of Western...
under Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba
Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba
Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba known as The Great Captain, Duke of Terranova and Santangelo, Andria, Montalto and Sessa, also known as Gonzalo de Córdoba, Italian: Gonsalvo or Consalvo Ernandes di Cordova was a Spanish general fighting in the times of the Conquest of Granada and the Italian Wars...
, and in Navarre
Navarre
Navarre , officially the Chartered Community of Navarre is an autonomous community in northern Spain, bordering the Basque Country, La Rioja, and Aragon in Spain and Aquitaine in France...
, with some distinction, and María Alonso, from Trujillo
Trujillo, Spain
Trujillo is a Spanish city of 9860 inhabitants , located in the province of Cáceres, in the Extremadura region. Famous for its monuments, it is a premier resort in Extremadura. It was the birthplace of Francisco Pizarro and his brothers, conquerors of Peru, as well as of Francisco de Orellana...
. Half brother of Francisco
Francisco Pizarro
Francisco Pizarro González, Marquess was a Spanish conquistador, conqueror of the Incan Empire, and founder of Lima, the modern-day capital of the Republic of Peru.-Early life:...
and Hernándo Pizarro
Hernándo Pizarro
Hernando Pizarro y de Vargas was a Spanish conquistador and one of the Pizarro brothers who ruled over Peru...
. Full brother of Gonzalo Pizarro
Gonzalo Pizarro
Gonzalo Pizarro y Alonso was a Spanish conquistador and younger paternal half-brother of Francisco Pizarro, the conqueror of the Inca Empire...
.
Juan and his brothers, led by Francisco and friend Diego de Almagro
Diego de Almagro
Diego de Almagro, , also known as El Adelantado and El Viejo , was a Spanish conquistador and a companion and later rival of Francisco Pizarro. He participated in the Spanish conquest of Peru and is credited as the first European discoverer of Chile.Almagro lost his left eye battling with coastal...
, conquered the mighty Inca Empire
Inca Empire
The Inca Empire, or Inka Empire , was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America. The administrative, political and military center of the empire was located in Cusco in modern-day Peru. The Inca civilization arose from the highlands of Peru sometime in the early 13th century...
and the sacred
Sacred
Holiness, or sanctity, is in general the state of being holy or sacred...
Inca capital, Cuzco in 1533. They imprisoned and executed the Inca Emperor
Emperor
An emperor is a monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. Empress, the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife or a woman who rules in her own right...
Atahualpa
Atahualpa
Atahualpa, Atahuallpa, Atabalipa, or Atawallpa , was the last Sapa Inca or sovereign emperor of the Tahuantinsuyu, or the Inca Empire, prior to the Spanish conquest of Peru...
and stole the gold
Gold
Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au and an atomic number of 79. Gold is a dense, soft, shiny, malleable and ductile metal. Pure gold has a bright yellow color and luster traditionally considered attractive, which it maintains without oxidizing in air or water. Chemically, gold is a...
treasure
Treasure
Treasure is a concentration of riches, often one which is considered lost or forgotten until being rediscovered...
s from the city. Juan, Hernándo and Gonzalo Pizarro
Gonzalo Pizarro
Gonzalo Pizarro y Alonso was a Spanish conquistador and younger paternal half-brother of Francisco Pizarro, the conqueror of the Inca Empire...
were then appointed to garrison the city of Cuzco by Francisco Pizarro
Francisco Pizarro
Francisco Pizarro González, Marquess was a Spanish conquistador, conqueror of the Incan Empire, and founder of Lima, the modern-day capital of the Republic of Peru.-Early life:...
when he departed to explore the northern west coast of Peru and founded Lima
Lima
Lima is the capital and the largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón, Rímac and Lurín rivers, in the central part of the country, on a desert coast overlooking the Pacific Ocean. Together with the seaport of Callao, it forms a contiguous urban area known as the Lima...
in 1535.
Juan, Gonzalo and Hernándo ruled Cuzco as a dictatorship
Dictatorship
A dictatorship is defined as an autocratic form of government in which the government is ruled by an individual, the dictator. It has three possible meanings:...
, torturing and executing those who refused to accept Spanish rule.
On May 6, 1536, the Incas, led by the crowned puppet Inca Emperor Manco Inca Yupanqui
Manco Inca Yupanqui
Manco Inca Yupanqui was one of the Incas of Vilcabamba. He was also known as "Manco II" and "Manco Cápac II" . Born in 1516, he was one of the sons of Huayna Cápac and came from a lower class of the nobility.Túpac Huallpa, a puppet ruler crowned by conquistador Francisco Pizarro, died in 1533...
, rebelled due to mistreatment and gathered 100,000 Inca warriors to overthrow the Spaniards in Cuzco. This led to many siege
Siege
A siege is a military blockade of a city or fortress with the intent of conquering by attrition or assault. The term derives from sedere, Latin for "to sit". Generally speaking, siege warfare is a form of constant, low intensity conflict characterized by one party holding a strong, static...
s and battle
Battle
Generally, a battle is a conceptual component in the hierarchy of combat in warfare between two or more armed forces, or combatants. In a battle, each combatant will seek to defeat the others, with defeat determined by the conditions of a military campaign...
s for control of the land, over ten months. The Incas, however, failed to drive the Spaniards from the city, as many succumbed to small pox.
Juan eventually died in the battle of Sacsayhuamán
Sacsayhuamán
-External links:* BBC Article...
, an Inca fortress near Cuzco. He was attempting to break the siege of Cuzco by leading an army out of the palace
Palace
A palace is a grand residence, especially a royal residence or the home of a head of state or some other high-ranking dignitary, such as a bishop or archbishop. The word itself is derived from the Latin name Palātium, for Palatine Hill, one of the seven hills in Rome. In many parts of Europe, the...
and attacking the Inca fortress. Juan Pizarro was struck on the head by a large stone hurled by an Inca warrior
Warrior
A warrior is a person skilled in combat or warfare, especially within the context of a tribal or clan-based society that recognizes a separate warrior class.-Warrior classes in tribal culture:...
as he was trying to climb the high walls of Sacsayhuamán
Sacsayhuamán
-External links:* BBC Article...
. Juan's soldiers won the battle, gained control of the fortress and weakened the Inca's control of Cuzco.
Juan's death did not stop the Spanish from destroying the Incas. In 1536-37, his brother, Francisco Pizarro
Francisco Pizarro
Francisco Pizarro González, Marquess was a Spanish conquistador, conqueror of the Incan Empire, and founder of Lima, the modern-day capital of the Republic of Peru.-Early life:...
, led an army of 300 soldiers into the port of Lima, and due to the superiority of their heavily armed cavalry, defeated the Manco Inca force. Manco eventually lifted the siege upon the arrival of Diego de Almagro
Diego de Almagro
Diego de Almagro, , also known as El Adelantado and El Viejo , was a Spanish conquistador and a companion and later rival of Francisco Pizarro. He participated in the Spanish conquest of Peru and is credited as the first European discoverer of Chile.Almagro lost his left eye battling with coastal...
with another Spanish contingent and withdrew to the jungles of Vilcabamba
Vilcabamba
Vilcabamba may refer to:* Vilcabamba, Peru* Vilcabamba, Ecuador, town in the province of Loja, Ecuador* "Vilcabamba" , a 2010 Science Fiction story by Harry Turtledove...
.