Jim Judd
Encyclopedia
James "Jim" Judd is a retired Canadian diplomat and senior civil servant. He served as the Director of the Canadian Security Intelligence Service
(CSIS). He was appointed to the position by Liberal Prime Minister
Paul Martin
on November 29, 2004 and retired from the position on June 27, 2009, before the end of his term. He was succeeded by Richard Fadden
, the former Deputy Minister of Citizenship and Immigration Canada.
, Quebec
. Before entering university, he lived in Germany
and the Netherlands
, and several places in Canada
, including Edmonton
, Fort Nelson
, Whitehorse
, Carleton Place and CFB Borden
. He graduated from Carleton University
where he received his Honours B.A. in Political Science and a Masters degree majoring in International affairs
.
and outside of Canada.
He spent two years (1975 to 1977) serving as Second Secretary at the Canadian Embassy in Caracas
, Venezuela
.
Between 1977 and 1981, he worked at the Personnel Operations Bureau of the Department of External Affairs.
From 1981 to 1982, Judd worked as the Secretary of the Restrictive Trade Practices Enquiry on Competitiveness in the Canadian Petroleum Industry. Afterwards, between 1982 and 1983, Judd worked as a Senior Advisor to the Deputy Minister (for Reorganization) at the Department of External Affairs.
Between 1983 and 1987 he was Counsellor and Congressional Liaison at the Canadian Embassy in Washington, D.C.
.
Between 1991 and 1992, he served as Chief of Staff to the President of the Queen’s Privy Council for Canada and Minister Responsible for Constitutional Affairs.
Between 1992 and 1994, he was the Assistant Secretary
to the Cabinet for Foreign and Defence Policy in the Privy Council Office
In September 1994, Judd was working on Special Assignment in the Deputy Minister’s Office of the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade until, in July 1995, he became Assistant Deputy Minister Corporate Services in the department.
, not the Prime Minister, was responsible for the mismanagement of funds investigated by the Gomery Inquiry.
(CSIS), by Liberal Prime Minister Paul Martin
.
. He resigned 8 months after the appointment of Cancer Specialist Professor Arthur T Porter (see Arthur Porter (Canada)
) to the Security Intelligence Review Committee which has the mandate to review the activities of Jim Judd's operations or the operations of any future Director of CSIS.
about whether Canadian mosques were being monitored by CSIS, to which Judd replied that he was unaware of any such policy. Assistant Director Dale Neufeld
then interjected, and confirmed that CSIS was indeed monitoring Canadian mosque
s, which it suspected of recruiting and funding terrorism
.http://noii-van.resist.ca/csis_monitoring
Later that month, Judd addressed the Canadian Senate
and said that Kassem Daher
was a Canadian citizen, and member of Usbat-al-Ansar.
In August 2005, Judd announced that Canadian citizens were fighting as part of the Iraqi insurgency
, an announcement that was met with derision from the Prime Minister's office.http://www.cbc.ca/canada/story/2005/10/20/insurgency051020.html
In October 2005, Judd said that the 2003 Invasion of Iraq
was creating "long-term problems" for other countries, including Canada
http://www.cbc.ca/canada/story/2005/10/31/csis051031.html. While facing criticism for CSIS's role in handling the case of Mohamed Harkat
and other Muslim-Canadians detained under Security certificate
s in November 2005, he offered the Members of Parliament
the chance to "ride along with agents" as they conducted interrogations of others.
In July 2006, he announced that several hundred Canadians were being investigated for "pro-al-Qaeda
sympathies"http://torontosun.com/News/Canada/2006/07/19/1691918-sun.html
In September 2006, he referred to the concept of racial profiling
as "fundamentally stupid", pointing to cases like Richard Reid
and the 2006 Toronto terrorism case
where the suspects were not Arab.
On March 31, 2009, veteran CSIS lawyer and advisor Geoffrey O’Brian told the
Commons Committee on Public Safety that the Canadian Security Intelligence Service
(CSIS) would use information obtained under torture. Testifying on the same committee on April 2, 2009, Jim Judd said O’Brian would be recanting his statement in a letter.
released a U.S. diplomatic cable sent from the U.S. Embassy in Ottawa dated July 2, 2008 that reported a meeting between Judd and US State Department official Eliot Cohen.
In the meeting Jim Judd , then head of the Canadian Security Intelligence Service, tells Eliot Cohen that the Canadian spy agency was still “vigorously harassing” known sympathizers of Hezbollah in Canada.
In the same cable the American officer quotes Jim Judd as he laments a soon to be released video of Canadian citizen Omar Khadr
being interrogated by CSIS's officers at American Guantanamo Bay detention camp in Cuba. Judd refers to video saying that it "would likely show three … adults interrogating a kid who breaks down in tears. He adds the comment that the release of the video would trigger “knee-jerk anti-Americanism” and “paroxysms of moral outrage, a Canadian specialty,” he says.
In another instance, Jim Judd said Canadians and their courts had an "Alice in Wonderland" worldview and he "derided" Canadian court judgments that, as per his view, threaten foreign governments' intelligence-sharing with Canada. The cable goes on reporting Judd as having said that "These judgments posit that Canadian authorities cannot use information that 'may have been' derived from torture, and that any Canadian public official who conveys such information may be subject to criminal prosecution."
Canadian Security Intelligence Service
The Canadian Security Intelligence Service is Canada's national intelligence service. It is responsible for collecting, analyzing, reporting and disseminating intelligence on threats to Canada's national security, and conducting operations, covert and overt, within Canada and abroad.Its...
(CSIS). He was appointed to the position by Liberal Prime Minister
Prime Minister of Canada
The Prime Minister of Canada is the primary minister of the Crown, chairman of the Cabinet, and thus head of government for Canada, charged with advising the Canadian monarch or viceroy on the exercise of the executive powers vested in them by the constitution...
Paul Martin
Paul Martin
Paul Edgar Philippe Martin, PC , also known as Paul Martin, Jr. is a Canadian politician who was the 21st Prime Minister of Canada, as well as leader of the Liberal Party of Canada....
on November 29, 2004 and retired from the position on June 27, 2009, before the end of his term. He was succeeded by Richard Fadden
Richard Fadden
Richard B. Fadden is the Director of the Canadian Security Intelligence Service , a position he has held since June 2009. He was previously the Deputy Minister of Citizenship and Immigration Canada from 2006 to 2009....
, the former Deputy Minister of Citizenship and Immigration Canada.
Early life
Judd was born in August 1947 in MontrealMontreal
Montreal is a city in Canada. It is the largest city in the province of Quebec, the second-largest city in Canada and the seventh largest in North America...
, Quebec
Quebec
Quebec or is a province in east-central Canada. It is the only Canadian province with a predominantly French-speaking population and the only one whose sole official language is French at the provincial level....
. Before entering university, he lived in Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
and the Netherlands
Netherlands
The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...
, and several places in Canada
Canada
Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...
, including Edmonton
Edmonton
Edmonton is the capital of the Canadian province of Alberta and is the province's second-largest city. Edmonton is located on the North Saskatchewan River and is the centre of the Edmonton Capital Region, which is surrounded by the central region of the province.The city and its census...
, Fort Nelson
Fort Nelson
Fort Nelson may refer to*Fort Nelson, British Columbia, a town*Fort Nelson River*Fort Nelson, Hampshire, a fort in England*Fort Nelson , a fur trading post and the first headquarters of the Hudson's Bay Company near Port Nelson, Manitoba.*Fort Nelson...
, Whitehorse
Whitehorse, Yukon
Whitehorse is Yukon's capital and largest city . It was incorporated in 1950 and is located at kilometre 1476 on the Alaska Highway in southern Yukon. Whitehorse's downtown and Riverdale areas occupy both shores of the Yukon River, which originates in British Columbia and meets the Bering Sea in...
, Carleton Place and CFB Borden
CFB Borden
Canadian Forces Base Borden is a Canadian Forces base located in Ontario.The historic birthplace of the Royal Canadian Air Force, CFB Borden is the largest training facility in the Canadian Forces...
. He graduated from Carleton University
Carleton University
Carleton University is a comprehensive university located in the capital of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario. The enabling legislation is The Carleton University Act, 1952, S.O. 1952. Founded as a small college in 1942, Carleton now offers over 65 programs in a diverse range of disciplines. Carleton has...
where he received his Honours B.A. in Political Science and a Masters degree majoring in International affairs
International relations
International relations is the study of relationships between countries, including the roles of states, inter-governmental organizations , international nongovernmental organizations , non-governmental organizations and multinational corporations...
.
Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade
Between 1973 and 1987, Judd worked in several positions within Canada's Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (DFAIT), both in OttawaOttawa
Ottawa is the capital of Canada, the second largest city in the Province of Ontario, and the fourth largest city in the country. The city is located on the south bank of the Ottawa River in the eastern portion of Southern Ontario...
and outside of Canada.
He spent two years (1975 to 1977) serving as Second Secretary at the Canadian Embassy in Caracas
Caracas
Caracas , officially Santiago de León de Caracas, is the capital and largest city of Venezuela; natives or residents are known as Caraquenians in English . It is located in the northern part of the country, following the contours of the narrow Caracas Valley on the Venezuelan coastal mountain range...
, Venezuela
Venezuela
Venezuela , officially called the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela , is a tropical country on the northern coast of South America. It borders Colombia to the west, Guyana to the east, and Brazil to the south...
.
Between 1977 and 1981, he worked at the Personnel Operations Bureau of the Department of External Affairs.
From 1981 to 1982, Judd worked as the Secretary of the Restrictive Trade Practices Enquiry on Competitiveness in the Canadian Petroleum Industry. Afterwards, between 1982 and 1983, Judd worked as a Senior Advisor to the Deputy Minister (for Reorganization) at the Department of External Affairs.
Between 1983 and 1987 he was Counsellor and Congressional Liaison at the Canadian Embassy in Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, "the District", or simply D.C., is the capital of the United States. On July 16, 1790, the United States Congress approved the creation of a permanent national capital as permitted by the U.S. Constitution....
.
Other roles in Government
Between 1987 and 1990, he was the Senior Departmental Assistant in the Canadian Office of the Secretary of State for External Affairs.Between 1991 and 1992, he served as Chief of Staff to the President of the Queen’s Privy Council for Canada and Minister Responsible for Constitutional Affairs.
Between 1992 and 1994, he was the Assistant Secretary
Assistant Secretary
Assistant Secretary is a grade in the British Civil Service, now more commonly styled Divisional Manager or Deputy Director. In the grading scheme they are denoted Grade 5....
to the Cabinet for Foreign and Defence Policy in the Privy Council Office
In September 1994, Judd was working on Special Assignment in the Deputy Minister’s Office of the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade until, in July 1995, he became Assistant Deputy Minister Corporate Services in the department.
Department of Finance
In November 1996, Judd was appointed G-7 Deputy and Assistant Deputy Minister, International Trade and Finance of the Department of Finance.Treasury
On May 13, 2002, Judd was appointed Secretary of the Treasury Board and Comptroller General of Canada. He later declared that the Public Works DepartmentPublic Works and Government Services Canada
Public Works and Government Services Canada is the department of the government of Canada with responsibility for the government's internal servicing and administration....
, not the Prime Minister, was responsible for the mismanagement of funds investigated by the Gomery Inquiry.
CSIS
On November 29, 2004, Judd was appointed to the position of director of Canadian Security Intelligence ServiceCanadian Security Intelligence Service
The Canadian Security Intelligence Service is Canada's national intelligence service. It is responsible for collecting, analyzing, reporting and disseminating intelligence on threats to Canada's national security, and conducting operations, covert and overt, within Canada and abroad.Its...
(CSIS), by Liberal Prime Minister Paul Martin
Paul Martin
Paul Edgar Philippe Martin, PC , also known as Paul Martin, Jr. is a Canadian politician who was the 21st Prime Minister of Canada, as well as leader of the Liberal Party of Canada....
.
Retirement Before the End of Term
In April 2009, Judd announced his resignation from the post effective in the following two months, before his term was scheduled to end in November 2009.. He resigned 8 months after the appointment of Cancer Specialist Professor Arthur T Porter (see Arthur Porter (Canada)
Arthur Porter (Canada)
Professor Arthur T Porter IV, PC, MD is a Canadian Physician and Director General and CEO of the McGill University Health Centre in Montreal, where he is professor of oncology. He is a Member of the Security Intelligence Review Committee of Canada, a member of the Queen's Privy Council for...
) to the Security Intelligence Review Committee which has the mandate to review the activities of Jim Judd's operations or the operations of any future Director of CSIS.
War on Terrorism
On March 8, 2005, Jim Judd was asked by Canadian Senator David Paul SmithDavid Paul Smith
David Paul Smith, PC, QC is a Canadian lawyer, politician and Senator.Smith was an alderman on Toronto City Council in the 1970s. He served a period as deputy mayor and president of city council. He ran for Mayor of Toronto in 1978, but was defeated by John Sewell in a three-way split...
about whether Canadian mosques were being monitored by CSIS, to which Judd replied that he was unaware of any such policy. Assistant Director Dale Neufeld
Dale Neufeld
Dale Neufeld is a former director of the Canadian Security Intelligence Service. He was appointed to the position of Acting Director on May 31st 2004, succeeding Ward P.D. Elcock, and ran the service until Prime Minister Paul Martin chose Jim Judd as the new Director on November 29th 2004.A...
then interjected, and confirmed that CSIS was indeed monitoring Canadian mosque
Mosque
A mosque is a place of worship for followers of Islam. The word is likely to have entered the English language through French , from Portuguese , from Spanish , and from Berber , ultimately originating in — . The Arabic word masjid literally means a place of prostration...
s, which it suspected of recruiting and funding terrorism
Terrorism
Terrorism is the systematic use of terror, especially as a means of coercion. In the international community, however, terrorism has no universally agreed, legally binding, criminal law definition...
.http://noii-van.resist.ca/csis_monitoring
Later that month, Judd addressed the Canadian Senate
Canadian Senate
The Senate of Canada is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the House of Commons, and the monarch . The Senate consists of 105 members appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister...
and said that Kassem Daher
Kassem Daher
Kassem Daher, born in Bekaa, Lebanon, is a Lebanese-Canadian accused of membership in a number of Islamic militant groups.-Life:At the age of 14, Daher left Lebanon and moved to Columbia - before settling in Leduc, Alberta...
was a Canadian citizen, and member of Usbat-al-Ansar.
In August 2005, Judd announced that Canadian citizens were fighting as part of the Iraqi insurgency
Iraqi insurgency
The Iraqi Resistance is composed of a diverse mix of militias, foreign fighters, all-Iraqi units or mixtures opposing the United States-led multinational force in Iraq and the post-2003 Iraqi government...
, an announcement that was met with derision from the Prime Minister's office.http://www.cbc.ca/canada/story/2005/10/20/insurgency051020.html
In October 2005, Judd said that the 2003 Invasion of Iraq
2003 invasion of Iraq
The 2003 invasion of Iraq , was the start of the conflict known as the Iraq War, or Operation Iraqi Freedom, in which a combined force of troops from the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia and Poland invaded Iraq and toppled the regime of Saddam Hussein in 21 days of major combat operations...
was creating "long-term problems" for other countries, including Canada
Canada
Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...
http://www.cbc.ca/canada/story/2005/10/31/csis051031.html. While facing criticism for CSIS's role in handling the case of Mohamed Harkat
Mohamed Harkat
Born in Algeria, Mohamed Harkat has drawn Canadian media attention as being one of several Muslim-Canadians alleged to have ties to terrorism and imprisoned under security certificates. The Canadian Security Intelligence Service alleges that he entered the country as a sleeper agent for al-Qaeda...
and other Muslim-Canadians detained under Security certificate
Security certificate
In Canadian law, a security certificate is a mechanism by which the Government of Canada can detain and deport foreign nationals and all other non-citizens living in Canada...
s in November 2005, he offered the Members of Parliament
Member of Parliament
A Member of Parliament is a representative of the voters to a :parliament. In many countries with bicameral parliaments, the term applies specifically to members of the lower house, as upper houses often have a different title, such as senate, and thus also have different titles for its members,...
the chance to "ride along with agents" as they conducted interrogations of others.
In July 2006, he announced that several hundred Canadians were being investigated for "pro-al-Qaeda
Al-Qaeda
Al-Qaeda is a global broad-based militant Islamist terrorist organization founded by Osama bin Laden sometime between August 1988 and late 1989. It operates as a network comprising both a multinational, stateless army and a radical Sunni Muslim movement calling for global Jihad...
sympathies"http://torontosun.com/News/Canada/2006/07/19/1691918-sun.html
In September 2006, he referred to the concept of racial profiling
Racial profiling
Racial profiling refers to the use of an individual’s race or ethnicity by law enforcement personnel as a key factor in deciding whether to engage in enforcement...
as "fundamentally stupid", pointing to cases like Richard Reid
Richard Reid (shoe bomber)
Richard Colvin Reid , also known as the Shoe Bomber, is a self-admitted member of al-Qaeda who pled guilty in 2002 in U.S. federal court to eight criminal counts of terrorism stemming from his attempt to destroy a commercial aircraft in-flight by detonating explosives hidden in his shoes...
and the 2006 Toronto terrorism case
2006 Toronto terrorism case
The 2006 Ontario terrorism case refers to the plotting of a series of attacks against targets in Southern Ontario, Canada, and the June 2, 2006, counter-terrorism raids in and around the Greater Toronto Area that resulted in the arrest of 18 people found to be Al-Qaeda members of an Islamic...
where the suspects were not Arab.
On March 31, 2009, veteran CSIS lawyer and advisor Geoffrey O’Brian told the
Commons Committee on Public Safety that the Canadian Security Intelligence Service
Canadian Security Intelligence Service
The Canadian Security Intelligence Service is Canada's national intelligence service. It is responsible for collecting, analyzing, reporting and disseminating intelligence on threats to Canada's national security, and conducting operations, covert and overt, within Canada and abroad.Its...
(CSIS) would use information obtained under torture. Testifying on the same committee on April 2, 2009, Jim Judd said O’Brian would be recanting his statement in a letter.
WikiLeaks Cables
On November 29, 2010 online whistleblower WikileaksWikileaks
WikiLeaks is an international self-described not-for-profit organisation that publishes submissions of private, secret, and classified media from anonymous news sources, news leaks, and whistleblowers. Its website, launched in 2006 under The Sunshine Press organisation, claimed a database of more...
released a U.S. diplomatic cable sent from the U.S. Embassy in Ottawa dated July 2, 2008 that reported a meeting between Judd and US State Department official Eliot Cohen.
In the meeting Jim Judd , then head of the Canadian Security Intelligence Service, tells Eliot Cohen that the Canadian spy agency was still “vigorously harassing” known sympathizers of Hezbollah in Canada.
In the same cable the American officer quotes Jim Judd as he laments a soon to be released video of Canadian citizen Omar Khadr
Omar Khadr
Omar Ahmed Khadr is a Canadian child soldier and one of the juveniles held at the Guantanamo Bay detention camp. He was convicted of five charges under the United States Military Commissions Act of 2009 including murder in violation of the law of war and providing material support for terrorism,...
being interrogated by CSIS's officers at American Guantanamo Bay detention camp in Cuba. Judd refers to video saying that it "would likely show three … adults interrogating a kid who breaks down in tears. He adds the comment that the release of the video would trigger “knee-jerk anti-Americanism” and “paroxysms of moral outrage, a Canadian specialty,” he says.
In another instance, Jim Judd said Canadians and their courts had an "Alice in Wonderland" worldview and he "derided" Canadian court judgments that, as per his view, threaten foreign governments' intelligence-sharing with Canada. The cable goes on reporting Judd as having said that "These judgments posit that Canadian authorities cannot use information that 'may have been' derived from torture, and that any Canadian public official who conveys such information may be subject to criminal prosecution."