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Ienachita Vacarescu

 
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Ienachita Vacarescu
 
 
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Ienachita Vacarescu (1740-July 11, 1797) was a Wallachia
Wallachia

Wallachia or Walachia is a Historical regions of Romania and geographical region of Romania. It is situated north of the Danube and south of the Southern Carpathians....
n Romanian
Romanians

], 26 Nov 2004. Reprinted at , retrieved 18 Dec 2005.External links *...
 poet, historian, philologist, and boyar
Boyar

A boyar or bolyar was a member of the highest rank of the Feudalism Moscovy, Kievan Rusian, Bulgarian, Wallachian, and Moldavian Aristocracy, second only to the ruling knyazs , from the 10th century through the 17th century....
 belonging to the Vacarescu family
Vacarescu family

The Vacarescu family was a boyar family of Wallachia .According to tradition it is one of the oldest noble families in Wallachia. Of Phanariote origin it gave Romanian literature its first poets....
. A polyglot, he was able to speak Ancient
Ancient Greek

Ancient Greek is the historical stage in the development of the Greek language spanning across the Archaic Greece , Classical Greece , and Hellenistic civilization periods of ancient Greece and the classical antiquity....
 and Modern Greek
Modern Greek

Modern Greek refers the varieties of Greek spoken in the modern era. The beginning of the "modern" period of the language is often symbolically assigned to the fall of the Byzantine Empire in 1453, even though that date marks no clear linguistic boundary and many characteristic modern features of the language had been present centuries earli...
, Old Church Slavonic
Old Church Slavonic

Old Church Slavonic, also known as Old Bulgarian, or Old Macedonian, was the first literary Slavic language, based on the old Solun dialect of the Thessaloniki region by the 9th century Byzantine Greeks missionaries, Saints Cyril and Methodius, who used it for translation of the Bible and other Ancient Greek language ecclesiastica...
, Arabic
Arabic language

Arabic is a Central Semitic language, thus related to and classified alongside other Semitic languages languages such as Hebrew language and Aramaic language....
, Persian
Persian language

name=Persian|nativename=|pronunciation=[f??r'si]|image=|caption=Farsi in Perso-Arabic script |states= Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Bahrain....
, French
French language

French is a Romance language spoken around the world by around 80 million people as first language, by 190 million as second language, and by about another 200 million people as an acquired tongue, with significant speakers in 54 countries....
, German
German language

German is a West Germanic languages, thus related to and classified alongside English language and Dutch language. It is one of the world's world language and the most widely spoken mother tongue in the European Union....
, Italian
Italian language

Italian is a Romance languages spoken by about 63 million people as a first language, primarily in Italy. In Switzerland, Italian is one of four Linguistic geography of Switzerlands....
, and Ottoman Turkish
Ottoman Turkish language

Ottoman Turkish is the variety of the Turkish language that was used as the administrative and literary language of the Ottoman Empire. It contains extensive borrowings from Arabic language and Persian language languages and was written in a variant of the Arabic script....
.

rescu wrote one of the first printed books on Romanian grammar
Romanian grammar

Romanian shares practically the same grammar and most of the vocabulary and Romanian phonology with the other three surviving Eastern Romance languages: Aromanian language, Megleno-Romanian language, and Istro-Romanian language....
 in 1787, an edition which also included a section dedicated to the study of prosody
Meter (poetry)

In poetry, the meter is the basic rhythm of a verse . Many traditional verse forms prescribe a specific verse meter, or a certain set of meters alternating in a particular order....
; it was titled Observatii sau bagari de seama asupra regulilor si orānduielilor gramaticii romānesti ("Observations or Reckonings on the Rules and Dispositions of Romanian Grammar").






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Ienachita Vacarescu (1740-July 11, 1797) was a Wallachia
Wallachia

Wallachia or Walachia is a Historical regions of Romania and geographical region of Romania. It is situated north of the Danube and south of the Southern Carpathians....
n Romanian
Romanians

], 26 Nov 2004. Reprinted at , retrieved 18 Dec 2005.External links *...
 poet, historian, philologist, and boyar
Boyar

A boyar or bolyar was a member of the highest rank of the Feudalism Moscovy, Kievan Rusian, Bulgarian, Wallachian, and Moldavian Aristocracy, second only to the ruling knyazs , from the 10th century through the 17th century....
 belonging to the Vacarescu family
Vacarescu family

The Vacarescu family was a boyar family of Wallachia .According to tradition it is one of the oldest noble families in Wallachia. Of Phanariote origin it gave Romanian literature its first poets....
. A polyglot, he was able to speak Ancient
Ancient Greek

Ancient Greek is the historical stage in the development of the Greek language spanning across the Archaic Greece , Classical Greece , and Hellenistic civilization periods of ancient Greece and the classical antiquity....
 and Modern Greek
Modern Greek

Modern Greek refers the varieties of Greek spoken in the modern era. The beginning of the "modern" period of the language is often symbolically assigned to the fall of the Byzantine Empire in 1453, even though that date marks no clear linguistic boundary and many characteristic modern features of the language had been present centuries earli...
, Old Church Slavonic
Old Church Slavonic

Old Church Slavonic, also known as Old Bulgarian, or Old Macedonian, was the first literary Slavic language, based on the old Solun dialect of the Thessaloniki region by the 9th century Byzantine Greeks missionaries, Saints Cyril and Methodius, who used it for translation of the Bible and other Ancient Greek language ecclesiastica...
, Arabic
Arabic language

Arabic is a Central Semitic language, thus related to and classified alongside other Semitic languages languages such as Hebrew language and Aramaic language....
, Persian
Persian language

name=Persian|nativename=|pronunciation=[f??r'si]|image=|caption=Farsi in Perso-Arabic script |states= Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Bahrain....
, French
French language

French is a Romance language spoken around the world by around 80 million people as first language, by 190 million as second language, and by about another 200 million people as an acquired tongue, with significant speakers in 54 countries....
, German
German language

German is a West Germanic languages, thus related to and classified alongside English language and Dutch language. It is one of the world's world language and the most widely spoken mother tongue in the European Union....
, Italian
Italian language

Italian is a Romance languages spoken by about 63 million people as a first language, primarily in Italy. In Switzerland, Italian is one of four Linguistic geography of Switzerlands....
, and Ottoman Turkish
Ottoman Turkish language

Ottoman Turkish is the variety of the Turkish language that was used as the administrative and literary language of the Ottoman Empire. It contains extensive borrowings from Arabic language and Persian language languages and was written in a variant of the Arabic script....
.

Biography

Vacarescu wrote one of the first printed books on Romanian grammar
Romanian grammar

Romanian shares practically the same grammar and most of the vocabulary and Romanian phonology with the other three surviving Eastern Romance languages: Aromanian language, Megleno-Romanian language, and Istro-Romanian language....
 in 1787, an edition which also included a section dedicated to the study of prosody
Meter (poetry)

In poetry, the meter is the basic rhythm of a verse . Many traditional verse forms prescribe a specific verse meter, or a certain set of meters alternating in a particular order....
; it was titled Observatii sau bagari de seama asupra regulilor si orānduielilor gramaticii romānesti ("Observations or Reckonings on the Rules and Dispositions of Romanian Grammar"). He also completed a work on Greek grammar
Greek grammar

The grammar of Standard Modern Greek, as spoken in present-day Greece and Cyprus, is basically that of Demotic Greek, but it has also assimilated certain elements of Katharevousa, the archaic, learned variety of Greek imitating Ancient Greek forms, which used to be the official language of Greece through much of the 19th and 20th centuries....
 (Gramatica greaca completa). Vacarescu's lyrical works take inspiration from both Anacreon
Anacreon

Anacreon was a Greece lyric poem poet, notable for his drinking songs and hymns. Later Greeks included him in the canonical list of nine lyric poets....
 and folklore
Folklore

Folklore is the body of expressive culture, including tales, music, dance, legends, oral history, proverbs, jokes, superstitions, customs, and so forth within a particular population comprising the traditions of that culture, subculture, or group ....
, and center on romantic love
Romantic love

Romance is a general term that refers to a celebration of life often through art, music and the attempt to express love with words or deeds. It also refers to a feeling of excitement associated with love....
. The best-known poems he left behind are Amarāta turturea ("Embittered Turtle Dove
Turtle Dove

The Turtle Dove is a member of the Aves family Columbidae, which includes the doves and pigeons.It is a bird migration species with a southern Palearctic range, including Turkey and north Africa, though it is rare in northern Scandinavia and Russia; it winters in southern Africa....
") and the minuscule Īntr-o gradina ("In a Garden"). Aside from these, he was also the author of a Istorie a Preaputernicilor Īmparati Otomani ("History of the All Mighty Ottoman Emperors
Ottoman Dynasty

File:Barber cape.jpgThe Ottoman Dynasty ruled the Ottoman Empire from 1299 to 1922, beginning with Osman I , though the dynasty was not proclaimed until Orhan Bey declared himself sultan....
").

On several occasions, Ienachita Vacarescu served Wallachia as a diplomat in missions abroad, including negotiations carried out in the Habsburg realms
Habsburg Monarchy

The Habsburg Monarchy covered the territories ruled by the junior Austria branch of the House of Habsburg , and then by the successor House of Habsburg-Lorraine , between 1526 and 1867/1918....
 for the sons of Prince
List of rulers of Wallachia

This is a List of rulers of Wallachia, from the first mention of a medieval polity situated between the Southern Carpathians and the Danube until the union with Moldavia in 1862, leading to the creation of Romania....
 Alexander Ypsilantis
Alexander Ypsilantis (1725-1805)

Alexander Ypsilantis was a Greeks Voivode of Wallachia from 1775 to 1782, and again from 1796 to 1797, and also Voivode of Moldavia from 1786 to 1788....
 to return after their 1782 flight to Vienna
Vienna

Vienna is the Capital of Republic of Austria and also one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.7 million...
; he met and conversed with Emperor
Holy Roman Emperor

Image:HRR 14Jh.jpgThe Roman of the Emperor's title was a reflection of the translatio imperii principle that regarded the Holy Roman Emperors as the inheritors of the title of Emperor of the Western Roman Empire, a title left unclaimed in the West after the death of Julius Nepos in 480....
 Joseph II
Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor

Joseph II was Holy Roman Emperor from 1765 to 1790 and ruler of the Habsburg Monarchy from 1780 to 1790. He was the eldest son of Empress Maria Theresa of Austria and her husband, Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor....
, and also befriended the French
France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
 ambassador, Baron de Breteuil. His impressive knowledge of Italian was the subject of a 1929 study by historian Nicolae Iorga
Nicolae Iorga

Nicolae Iorga was a Romanian historian, university professor, literary critic, memorialist, playwright, poet, and politician. He served as a member of Parliament of Romania, as President of the post-World War I National Assembly, as minister, and as List of Prime Ministers of Romania....
, De unde a īnvatat italieneste Ienachita Vacarescu ("Where Has Ienachita Vacarescu Learned His Italian From?").