Hurricane Jeanne (1998)
Encyclopedia
Hurricane Jeanne was the tenth named storm of the 1998 Atlantic hurricane season
. It was a Category 2 hurricane that did not affect land while tropical, although it brushed the Cape Verde Islands. Hurricane Jeanne was seen as a threat to the Azores. However, Jeanne caused some gusty winds in the Azores shortly before passing through and losing tropical characteristics. Also Jeanne made landfall in the Iberian Peninsula
on October 4, while extratropical. On September 16, Hurricane Jeanne shared the Atlantic
with three other hurricanes: Georges
, Ivan, and Karl
.
. It stayed by the African coast for the next few days and slowly became better organized. By September 21, the storm had acquired a closed circulation and on the early morning hours of September 21, the storm reached depression status. It was then designated operationally designated as Tropical Storm Jeanne, although post-analysis indicated that it was only a tropical depression. Forming about 380 mi (511 km) southeast Cape Verde, the storm became the easternmost forming tropical cyclone in the Atlantic since Tropical Storm Christine
in 1973
since the National Hurricane Center began keeping records in 1851. The depression began moving northward and became further organized. Later that same day, Tropical Storm Jeanne was upgraded to a hurricane. It reached a peak intensity of 105 mph (170 km/h) and a pressure of 969 mbar (hPa; 28.61 inHg) while 120 mi (190 km) away from the Cape Verde Islands.
For the next few days the storm continued westward. Then the forward speed slowed to 10 mph (15 km/h) and the storm turned north. The system then weakened mainly due to increased wind shear caused by a mid to upper trough in the troposphere
. Under the influence of the trough the storm continued to the northwest and re-intensified to a secondary peak of 90 mph (140 km/h) while 550 mi (890 km) from the Azores
. Jeanne went to the northeast and weakened to a tropical storm. By the time Jeanne reached the Azores on October 1, it was a depression and was losing tropical characteristics. Hurricane Jeanne became extratropical
while in the vicinity of the Azores. After dissipation, the extratropical system accelerated to around 14 mph (23 km/h) forward speed. The extratropical low made landfall near Lisbon
, Portugal
on October 4. The extratropical remnants became unidentifiable over Spain
later that day.
was over the Straits of Florida
, Hurricane Ivan was in the North Atlantic, and Hurricane Karl was located over the Central Atlantic. Hurricane Jeanne was one of four simultaneously active hurricanes in the Atlantic, the first such occurrence since August 22, 1893. However, three hurricanes also co-existed in the Atlantic on September 11, 1961, with a possible fourth. In the Azores, winds near 43 mph (70 km/h) were recorded on the island of Horta. Other than in the Azores, Jeanne remained away from land as a tropical cyclone, so no property damage or fatalities were reported; no ships were affected, and no tropical cyclone warnings and watches were issued.
1998 Atlantic hurricane season
The 1998 Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1, 1998, and lasted until November 30, 1998. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic basin; however, the season extended through December 1 as Hurricane Nicole remained...
. It was a Category 2 hurricane that did not affect land while tropical, although it brushed the Cape Verde Islands. Hurricane Jeanne was seen as a threat to the Azores. However, Jeanne caused some gusty winds in the Azores shortly before passing through and losing tropical characteristics. Also Jeanne made landfall in the Iberian Peninsula
Iberian Peninsula
The Iberian Peninsula , sometimes called Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe and includes the modern-day sovereign states of Spain, Portugal and Andorra, as well as the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar...
on October 4, while extratropical. On September 16, Hurricane Jeanne shared the Atlantic
Atlantic Ocean
The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's oceanic divisions. With a total area of about , it covers approximately 20% of the Earth's surface and about 26% of its water surface area...
with three other hurricanes: Georges
Hurricane Georges
Hurricane Georges was a very destructive, powerful and long-lived Cape Verde-type Category 4 hurricane. Georges was the seventh tropical storm, fourth hurricane, and second major hurricane of the 1998 Atlantic hurricane season...
, Ivan, and Karl
Hurricane Karl (1998)
Hurricane Karl was one of four active hurricanes in the Atlantic Ocean on September 26, 1998. The 11th tropical cyclone and named storm of the 1998 Atlantic hurricane season, Karl developed from a non-tropical low pressure system that was noted off the coast of the Carolinas...
.
Meteorological History
Hurricane Jeanne formed from a tropical wave that slowly emerged from AfricaAfrica
Africa is the world's second largest and second most populous continent, after Asia. At about 30.2 million km² including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of the Earth's total surface area and 20.4% of the total land area...
. It stayed by the African coast for the next few days and slowly became better organized. By September 21, the storm had acquired a closed circulation and on the early morning hours of September 21, the storm reached depression status. It was then designated operationally designated as Tropical Storm Jeanne, although post-analysis indicated that it was only a tropical depression. Forming about 380 mi (511 km) southeast Cape Verde, the storm became the easternmost forming tropical cyclone in the Atlantic since Tropical Storm Christine
Tropical Storm Christine (1973)
Tropical Storm Christine was the easternmost forming Atlantic tropical cyclone on record. Forming as a tropical depression over the country of Guinea on August 25, the system tracked nearly due west for several days before intensifying into a tropical storm on August 28...
in 1973
1973 Atlantic hurricane season
The 1973 Atlantic hurricane season was the first season to use the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale, a scale developed in 1971 by Herbert Saffir and Robert Simpson used for rating the intensity of tropical cyclones. The season produced 24 tropical and subtropical cyclones, of which only 8 reached...
since the National Hurricane Center began keeping records in 1851. The depression began moving northward and became further organized. Later that same day, Tropical Storm Jeanne was upgraded to a hurricane. It reached a peak intensity of 105 mph (170 km/h) and a pressure of 969 mbar (hPa; 28.61 inHg) while 120 mi (190 km) away from the Cape Verde Islands.
For the next few days the storm continued westward. Then the forward speed slowed to 10 mph (15 km/h) and the storm turned north. The system then weakened mainly due to increased wind shear caused by a mid to upper trough in the troposphere
Troposphere
The troposphere is the lowest portion of Earth's atmosphere. It contains approximately 80% of the atmosphere's mass and 99% of its water vapor and aerosols....
. Under the influence of the trough the storm continued to the northwest and re-intensified to a secondary peak of 90 mph (140 km/h) while 550 mi (890 km) from the Azores
Azores
The Archipelago of the Azores is composed of nine volcanic islands situated in the middle of the North Atlantic Ocean, and is located about west from Lisbon and about east from the east coast of North America. The islands, and their economic exclusion zone, form the Autonomous Region of the...
. Jeanne went to the northeast and weakened to a tropical storm. By the time Jeanne reached the Azores on October 1, it was a depression and was losing tropical characteristics. Hurricane Jeanne became extratropical
Extratropical cyclone
Extratropical cyclones, sometimes called mid-latitude cyclones or wave cyclones, are a group of cyclones defined as synoptic scale low pressure weather systems that occur in the middle latitudes of the Earth having neither tropical nor polar characteristics, and are connected with fronts and...
while in the vicinity of the Azores. After dissipation, the extratropical system accelerated to around 14 mph (23 km/h) forward speed. The extratropical low made landfall near Lisbon
Lisbon
Lisbon is the capital city and largest city of Portugal with a population of 545,245 within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Lisbon extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of 3 million on an area of , making it the 9th most populous urban...
, Portugal
Portugal
Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the...
on October 4. The extratropical remnants became unidentifiable over Spain
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
later that day.
Impact and records
On September 26, Hurricane GeorgesHurricane Georges
Hurricane Georges was a very destructive, powerful and long-lived Cape Verde-type Category 4 hurricane. Georges was the seventh tropical storm, fourth hurricane, and second major hurricane of the 1998 Atlantic hurricane season...
was over the Straits of Florida
Straits of Florida
The Straits of Florida, Florida Straits, or Florida Strait is a strait located south-southeast of the North American mainland, generally accepted to be between the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean, and between the Florida Keys and Cuba. The strait carries the Florida Current, the beginning of...
, Hurricane Ivan was in the North Atlantic, and Hurricane Karl was located over the Central Atlantic. Hurricane Jeanne was one of four simultaneously active hurricanes in the Atlantic, the first such occurrence since August 22, 1893. However, three hurricanes also co-existed in the Atlantic on September 11, 1961, with a possible fourth. In the Azores, winds near 43 mph (70 km/h) were recorded on the island of Horta. Other than in the Azores, Jeanne remained away from land as a tropical cyclone, so no property damage or fatalities were reported; no ships were affected, and no tropical cyclone warnings and watches were issued.
See also
- 1998 Atlantic hurricane season1998 Atlantic hurricane seasonThe 1998 Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1, 1998, and lasted until November 30, 1998. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic basin; however, the season extended through December 1 as Hurricane Nicole remained...
- Other storms named JeanneTropical Storm JeanneThe name Jeanne was used for three tropical cyclones in the Atlantic Ocean.* 1980's Hurricane Jeanne - a rare November hurricane in the Gulf of Mexico that caused no significant damage....
- List of tropical cyclone names