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Gladiolus (from Latin
Latin

Latin is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Through the Military history of the Roman Empire, Latin spread throughout the Mediterranean and a large part of Europe....
, the diminutive
Diminutive

In language structure, a diminutive, or diminutive form, is a formation of a word used to convey a slight degree of the root meaning, smallness of the object or quality named, encapsulation, intimacy, or endearment....
 of gladius, a sword
Sword

A sword is a long, edged piece of metal, used as a cutting, thrusting, and clubbing weapon in many civilizations throughout the world. The word sword comes from the Old English language wikt:sweord, cognate to Old High German swert, Middle Dutch swaert, Old Norse sver? Old Frisian and Old Saxon swerd and Dutch langua...
) is a genus
Genus

A genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the classification of living and fossil organisms. The taxonomic ranks are domain , kingdom , phylum, class , order , family , genus, and species....
 of flowering plant
Flowering plant

The flowering plants or angiosperms are the most widespread group of Embryophytes. The flowering plants and the gymnosperms are the only extant groups of Spermatophyte....
s in the iris family (Iridaceae
Iridaceae

Iridaceae is a family of plants in Order Asparagales, taking its name from the Iris . It includes a number of other well known cultivated plants, such as the Freesia, the Gladiolus and the Crocus....
). Sometimes called the sword lily, the most widely-used English
English language

English is a West Germanic language that originated in Anglo-Saxon England and has lingua franca status in many parts of the world as a result of the military, economic, scientific, political and cultural influence of the British Empire in the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries and that of the United States from the mid 20th century onwa...
 common name for these plants is simply gladiolus (plural gladioli, gladioluses or sometimes gladiolas).

genus Gladiolus contains about 260 species, of which 250 are native to sub-Saharan Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa is a geographical term used to describe the area of the African continent which lies south of the Sahara, or those African countries which are fully or partially located south of the Sahara....
, mostly South Africa
South Africa

The Republic of South Africa, also known by Official names of South Africa, is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa....
.






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Encyclopedia


Gladiolus (from Latin
Latin

Latin is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Through the Military history of the Roman Empire, Latin spread throughout the Mediterranean and a large part of Europe....
, the diminutive
Diminutive

In language structure, a diminutive, or diminutive form, is a formation of a word used to convey a slight degree of the root meaning, smallness of the object or quality named, encapsulation, intimacy, or endearment....
 of gladius, a sword
Sword

A sword is a long, edged piece of metal, used as a cutting, thrusting, and clubbing weapon in many civilizations throughout the world. The word sword comes from the Old English language wikt:sweord, cognate to Old High German swert, Middle Dutch swaert, Old Norse sver? Old Frisian and Old Saxon swerd and Dutch langua...
) is a genus
Genus

A genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the classification of living and fossil organisms. The taxonomic ranks are domain , kingdom , phylum, class , order , family , genus, and species....
 of flowering plant
Flowering plant

The flowering plants or angiosperms are the most widespread group of Embryophytes. The flowering plants and the gymnosperms are the only extant groups of Spermatophyte....
s in the iris family (Iridaceae
Iridaceae

Iridaceae is a family of plants in Order Asparagales, taking its name from the Iris . It includes a number of other well known cultivated plants, such as the Freesia, the Gladiolus and the Crocus....
). Sometimes called the sword lily, the most widely-used English
English language

English is a West Germanic language that originated in Anglo-Saxon England and has lingua franca status in many parts of the world as a result of the military, economic, scientific, political and cultural influence of the British Empire in the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries and that of the United States from the mid 20th century onwa...
 common name for these plants is simply gladiolus (plural gladioli, gladioluses or sometimes gladiolas).

Description

The genus Gladiolus contains about 260 species, of which 250 are native to sub-Saharan Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa is a geographical term used to describe the area of the African continent which lies south of the Sahara, or those African countries which are fully or partially located south of the Sahara....
, mostly South Africa
South Africa

The Republic of South Africa, also known by Official names of South Africa, is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa....
. About 10 species are native to Eurasia. There are 160 species of Gladiolus endemic in southern Africa and 76 in tropical Africa. The species vary from very small to the spectacular giant flower spikes in commerce.

These attractive, perennial herbs are semihardy in temperate climate
Climate

Climate encompasses the temperatures, humidity, atmospheric pressure, winds, rainfall, atmospheric particle count and numerous other Meteorology elements in a given region over long periods of time, as opposed to the term weather, which refers to current activity of these same elements....
s. They grow from rounded, symmetrical corm
Corm

A corm is a short, vertical, swollen underground plant Plant stem that serves as a storage organ used by some plants to survive winter or other adverse conditions such as summer drought and heat ....
s, that are enveloped in several layers of brownish, fibrous tunics.

Their stems
Plant stem

A stem is one of two main structural axes of a vascular plant. The stem is normally divided into nodes and internodes, the nodes hold buds which grow into one or more leaf, inflorescence , conifer cones or other stems etc....
 are generally unbranched, producing 1 to 9 narrow, sword-shaped, longitudinal grooved leaves
Leaf

In botany, a leaf is an above-ground plant Organ specialized for photosynthesis. For this purpose, a leaf is typically flat and thin, to expose the cells containing chloroplast to light over a broad area, and to allow light to penetrate fully into the tissues....
, enclosed in a sheath. The lowest leaf is shortened to a cataphyll. The leaf blades can be plane or cruciform in cross section.

The fragrant flower
Flower

A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproduction structure found in flowering plants . The biological function of a flower is to mediate the union of male sperm with female ovum in order to produce seeds....
 spikes are large and one-sided, with secund
Secund

Secund is a botanical term used of plants when similar parts are directed to one side only, as flowers on an axis.Secund - to loan an employee from one non profit to another....
, bisexual flowers, each subtended by 2 leathery, green bract
Bract

In botany, a bract is a modified or specialized leaf. Bracts are ordinarily associated with reproductive structures . They are ordinarily reduced in size relative to foliage leaves, or of a different color or texture from foliage leaves, or both....
s. The sepal
Sepal

A sepal is a part of the flower of angiosperms . Sepals in a "typical" flower are green and lie under the more conspicuous petals. As a collective unit the sepals are called the Wiktionary:calyx, and the collection of petals is called the Wiktionary:corolla....
s and the petal
Petal

A petal is one member or part of the Corolla of a flower. The corolla is the name for all of the petals of a flower; the inner perianth whorl, term used when this is not the same in appearance as the outermost whorl and is used to attract pollinators based on its advertising coloration....
s are almost identical in appearance, and are termed tepals. They are united at their base into a tube-shaped structure. The dorsal tepal is the largest, arching over the three stamen
Stamen

The stamen is the male organ of a flower. Each stamen generally has a stalk called the filament , and, on top of the filament, an anther , and pollen sacs, called sporangium....
s. The outer three tepal
Tepal

Tepals are elements of the perianth, or outer part of a flower, which include the petals or sepals. The term tepal is usually used when all segments of the perianth are of similar shape and color, or undifferentiated....
s are narrower. The perianth is funnel-shaped, with the stamens attached to its base. The style has three filiform, spoon-shaped branches, each expanding towards the apex.

The ovary
Ovary (plants)

In the flowering plants, an ovary is a part of the female reproductive organ of the flower or gynoecium. Specifically, it is the part of the carpel which holds the ovule and is located above or below or at the point of connection with the base of the petals and sepals....
 is 3-locular with oblong or globose capsules
Capsule (fruit)

In botany a capsule is a type of simple, dry fruit produced by many species of flowering plants. A capsule is a dehiscent structure composed of two or more carpels, that, at maturity, split apart to release the seeds within....
, containing many, winged brown, longitudinally dehiscent seed
Seed

A seed is a small Plant embryogenesis plant enclosed in a covering called the seed coat, usually with some Food storage. It is the product of the ripened ovule of gymnosperm and angiosperm plants which occurs after fertilization and some growth within the mother plant....
s. In their center must be noticeable the specific pellet like structure which is the real seed without the fine coat. In some seeds this structure is wrinkled and with black color. These seeds are unable to germinate.

These flowers are variously colored, pink to reddish or light purple with white, contrasting markings, or white to cream or orange to red.

The South African species were originally pollinated by long-tongued anthrophorine bees, but some changes in the pollination system have occurred, allowing pollination by sunbird
Sunbird

The sunbirds and spiderhunters are a family , Nectariniidae, of very small passerine birds. There are 132 species in 15 genus. The family is distributed throughout Africa, southern Asia and just reaches northern Australia....
s, noctuid and sphingid moths, long-tongued flies and several others. In the temperate zones of Europe
Europe

Europe is, conventionally, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia to its east by the water divide of the Ural Mountains, the Ural , the Caspian Sea, and by the Caucasus Mountains to the southeast....
 many of the hybrid large flowering sorts of gladiolas can be pollinated by small well-known wasps. Actually, They are not very good pollinators because of the large flowers of the plants and the small size of the wasps. Another insect
Insect

Insects are the biggest class of arthropods and the only ones with wings. They are the most diverse group of animals on the planet. They are most diverse at the equator and their diversity declines toward the poles....
 in this zone which can try some of the nectar of the gladioli is the best-known Europe
Europe

Europe is, conventionally, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia to its east by the water divide of the Ural Mountains, the Ural , the Caspian Sea, and by the Caucasus Mountains to the southeast....
an Hawk-moth Macroglossum stellatarum which usually pollinates many famous garden flowers like Petunia
Petunia

Petunia is a trumpet shaped, widely-cultivated genus of flowering plants of South American origin, in the family Solanaceae. The popular flower got its name from French, which took the word petun 'tobacco' from a Tupi-Guarani language....
, Zinnia
Zinnia

Zinnia is a genus of 20 species of Annual plant and perennial plant plants of family Asteraceae, originally from scrub and dry grassland in an area stretching from the American Southwest to South America, but primarily Mexico, and notable for their solitary long-stemmed flowers that come in a variety of bright colors....
, Dianthus
Dianthus

Dianthus is a genus of about 300 species of flowering plants in the family Caryophyllaceae, native mainly to Europe and Asia, with a few species extending south to north Africa, and one species in arctic North America....
 and others.

Gladioli are used as food plants by the larva
Larva

A larva is a young form of animal with indirect developmental biology, going through or undergoing metamorphosis .The larva can look completely different from the adult form, for example, a caterpillar differs from a butterfly....
e of some Lepidoptera
Lepidoptera

Lepidoptera is an order of insect that includes moths and butterfly. It is one of the most speciose orders in the class Insecta, encompassing moths and the three superfamilies of butterfly, skipper , and Hedylidae....
 species including the Large Yellow Underwing
Large Yellow Underwing

The Large Yellow Underwing is a moth, the type species for the family Noctuidae. It is an abundant species throughout Europe, one of the most common and most familiar moths of the region....
.

Gladioli have been extensively hybridized and a wide range of ornamental flower colours are available from the many varieties. The main hybrid groups have been obtained by crossing between four or five species, followed by selection: Grandiflorus, Primulines and Nanus. They make very good cut flowers. However, due to their height, the cultivated forms frequently tend to fall over in the wind
WIND

The Global Geospace Science WIND satellite is a NASA science spacecraft launched at 04:31:00 EST on November 1, 1994 from launch pad 17B at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Merritt_Island%2C_Florida, Florida aboard a McDonnell Douglas Delta II 7925-10 rocket....
 if left on the plant.

Species


Gladiolus Carcinalis
Gladiolus Undulatus
Gladiolus Sp
Gladiolus Delenii
Gladiolus Hybrid Red Lime
Gladiolus Imbricatus1002
The genus Gladiolus has been divided in to many sections. Where possible, the sections have been indicated. Most species, however, are only tentatively placed.

  • Gladiolus abbreviatus Andrews
  • Gladiolus acuminatus F. Bol.
  • Gladiolus aequinoctialis Herb.
  • Gladiolus alatus L. (sect. Hebea)
  • Gladiolus aleppicus Boiss. var. aleppicus
  • Gladiolus anatolicus
  • Gladiolus andringitrae Goldblatt
  • Gladiolus angustus
    Gladiolus angustus

    Gladiolus angustus is a species of gladiolus known by the common name long-tubed painted lady. This flower is an herb growing from a papery corm and reaching 30 to 60 centimeters in height....
     L. (sect. Blandus) : Long-tubed Painted Lady
  • Gladiolus antandroyi Goldblatt
  • Gladiolus antholyzoides Baker
  • Gladiolus appendiculatus G. Lewis
  • Gladiolus aquamontanus Goldblatt & Vlok
  • Gladiolus arcuatus Klatt
  • Gladiolus atropurpureus Baker
  • Gladiolus atroviolaceus Boiss.
  • Gladiolus aurantiacus Klatt
  • Gladiolus aureus Baker : Golden Gladiolus
  • Gladiolus bellus C. H. Wright
  • Gladiolus benguellensis Baker (sect. Ophiolyza)
  • Gladiolus bilineatus G. J. Lewis
  • Gladiolus boehmii Vaupel (1882)
  • Gladiolus bojeri (Baker) Goldblatt
  • Gladiolus brachylimbus Baker (1893)
  • Gladiolus brachyphyllus F. Bolus or Bolus f.
  • Gladiolus brevifolius Jacq. (sect. Linearifolius)
  • Gladiolus brevitubus G. Lewis
  • Gladiolus buckerveldii (L. Bolus) Goldblatt
  • Gladiolus bullatus Thunb. ex G. Lewis : Caledon Bluebell
  • Gladiolus caeruleus Goldblatt & J.C. Manning
  • Gladiolus calcaratus G. Lewis
  • Gladiolus calcicola Goldblatt
  • Gladiolus callianthus
    Gladiolus callianthus

    The Peacock Flower is a tropical plant that is native to Madagascar. According to the International Plant Names Index it is a native of Abyssinia ....
     Mosais : Abyssinian Gladiolus
  • Gladiolus canaliculatus Goldblatt
  • Gladiolus candidus (Rendle) Goldblatt
  • Gladiolus cardinalis Curtis (sect. Blandus)
  • Gladiolus carinatus Aiton
  • Gladiolus carmineus C. H. Wright (sect. Blandus) : Cliff Lily
  • Gladiolus carneus (sect. Blandus) : Large Painted Lady
  • Gladiolus caryophyllaceus (Burm. f.) Poiret
  • Gladiolus cataractarum Oberm.
  • Gladiolus caucasicus Herb.
  • Gladiolus ceresianus L. Bolus
  • Gladiolus citrinus Klatt
  • Gladiolus x colvillei
    Gladiolus x colvillei

    'Gladiolus ? colvillei' Sweet is a Hybrid Gladiolus cultivar. Common name: Scarlet Gladiolus.The original Gladiolus ? colvillei was bred by the nurseryman James Colville of Chelsea, London from the southern African species G....
     : Colville's Gladiolus
  • Gladiolus communis L. (sect. Gladiolus) : Cornflag (type species)
    • Gladiolus communis subsp. byzantinus (sect. Gladiolus) - Whistling Jack, Eastern Gladiolus
    • Gladiolus communis subsp. communis (sect. Gladiolus)
  • Gladiolus conrathii Baker (1898)
  • Gladiolus crassifolius
    Gladiolus crassifolius

    Gladiolus crassifolius is a species of Gladiolus found in Africa. It is a perennial species with substantial stems and brightly coloured flowers....
     Baker
  • Gladiolus crispulatus L. Bolus
  • Gladiolus cruentus T. Moore (sect. Ophiolyza)
  • Gladiolus curtifolius Marais
  • Gladiolus cuspidatus
  • Gladiolus cylindraceus G. Lewis
  • Gladiolus cymbarius Baker
  • Gladiolus dalenii
    Gladiolus dalenii

    Gladiolus dalenii originates from South African seed....
     Van Geel (sect. Ophiolyza)
  • Gladiolus debilis Ker Gawler (sect. Homoglossum) : Small Painted Lady
  • Gladiolus decaryi Goldblatt
  • Gladiolus decipiens Vaupel
  • Gladiolus decoratus Baker
  • Gladiolus densiflorus Baker
  • Gladiolus deserticolus Goldblatt
  • Gladiolus dolomiticus Oberm.
  • Gladiolus dracocephalus Hook.f.
  • Gladiolus dregei Klatt
  • Gladiolus dubius
  • Gladiolus dzavakheticus
  • Gladiolus ecklonii Lehm.
  • Gladiolus edulis Burchell ex Ker Gawler
  • Gladiolus elliotii Baker (sect. Ophiolyza)
  • Gladiolus emiliae L. Bolus
  • Gladiolus engysiphon G. Lewis
  • Gladiolus equitans Thunb. (sect. Hebea)
  • Gladiolus erectiflorus Baker
  • Gladiolus exiguus G. Lewis
  • Gladiolus flanaganii Baker : : Suicide Gladiolus
  • Gladiolus floribundus Jacq.
  • Gladiolus fourcadei (L. Bolus) Goldblatt & De Vos
  • Gladiolus ×gandavensis (sect. Ophiolyza) [= G. dalenii × G. oppositiflorus]
  • Gladiolus garnierii Klatt
  • Gladiolus geardii L. Bolus
  • Gladiolus goetzii Harms
  • Gladiolus gracilis Jacq. (sect. Homoglossum) : Reed Bells
  • Gladiolus gracillimus Baker
  • Gladiolus grandiflorus (sect. Blandus)
  • Gladiolus gregarius Welw. ex Baker (sect. Densiflorus)
  • Gladiolus griseus Goldblatt & J.C. Manning
  • Gladiolus gueinzii Kunze
  • Gladiolus guthriei F. Bol. (sect. Linearifolius)
  • Gladiolus halophilus Boiss. & Heldr.
  • Gladiolus harmsianus Vaupel
  • Gladiolus heterolobus Vaupel
  • Gladiolus hirsutus Jacq. (sect. Linearifolius) : Small Pink Afrikaner
  • Gladiolus hollandii L. Bolus
  • Gladiolus horombensis Goldblatt
  • Gladiolus huillensis (Welw. ex Baker) Goldblatt
  • Gladiolus hyalinus Jacq.
  • Gladiolus illyricus W.D.J.Koch - Wild Gladiolus
  • Gladiolus imbricatus L.
  • Gladiolus inandensis Baker
  • Gladiolus incospicuus Baker
  • Gladiolus inflatus Thunb.
  • Gladiolus inflexus Goldblatt & J.C. Manning
  • Gladiolus insolens Goldblatt & J.C. Manning
  • Gladiolus intonsus Goldblatt
  • Gladiolus invenustus G. J. Lewis
  • Gladiolus involutus (sect. Hebea)
  • Gladiolus iroensis (A. Chev.) Marais
  • Gladiolus italicus
    Gladiolus italicus

    Gladiolus italicus is a species of gladiolus known by the common names Italian gladiolus, field gladiolus, and common sword-lily....
     P. Mill. (sect. Gladiolus) - Italian Gladiolus, Cornflag
  • Gladiolus johnstoni Baker (s. d.)
  • Gladiolus jonquilliodorus Ecklon ex G. Lewis
  • Gladiolus junodi Baker
  • Gladiolus kamiesbergensis G. Lewis
  • Gladiolus karendensis Baker
  • Gladiolus katubensis De Wild.
  • Gladiolus klattianus Hutch.
  • Gladiolus kotschyanus Boiss.
  • Gladiolus kubangensis Harms
  • Gladiolus lapeirousioides Goldblatt
  • Gladiolus laxiflorus Baker
  • Gladiolus lemoinei
  • Gladiolus leptosiphon Bolus f.
  • Gladiolus liliaceus Houtt. (sect. Homoglossum)
  • Gladiolus linearifolius Vaupel
  • Gladiolus linearis N.E.Br.
  • Gladiolus longanus Harms
  • Gladiolus longicollis Baker (sect. Homoglossum)
    • Gladiolus longicollis subsp. longicollis (sect. Homoglossum)
    • Gladiolus longicollis subsp. platypetalus (sect. Homoglossum)
  • Gladiolus loteniensis Hilliard & Burtt
  • Gladiolus louiseae L. Bolus
  • Gladiolus lundaensis Goldblatt
  • Gladiolus luteus Lam.
  • Gladiolus lyalinus
  • Gladiolus macneilii Oberm.
  • Gladiolus macowani Baker
  • Gladiolus macowanii Baker (s. d.)
  • Gladiolus macrospathus Goldblatt
  • Gladiolus maculatus Sweet
  • Gladiolus magnificus (Harms) Goldblatt
  • Gladiolus malangensis Baker (1879)
  • Gladiolus malvinus Goldblatt & J.C. Manning
  • Gladiolus marlothii G. Lewis
  • Gladiolus martleyi L. Bolus (sect. Homoglossum)
  • Gladiolus meliusculus (G. Lewis) Goldblatt & J.C. Manning
  • Gladiolus melleri Baker (sect. Ophiolyza)
  • Gladiolus micranthus Baker (1901)
  • Gladiolus microcarpus G. Lewis
  • Gladiolus microsiphon Baker
  • Gladiolus milleri Ker Gawler
  • Gladiolus mirus Vaupel
  • Gladiolus monticola G. Lewis ex Goldblatt & J.C. Manning
  • Gladiolus mortonius (sect. Densiflorus)
  • Gladiolus mostertiae L. Bolus
  • Gladiolus muenzneri F. Vaup
  • Gladiolus murielae (sect. Acidanthera)
  • Gladiolus natalensis (Eckl.) Hook.
  • Gladiolus nerineoides G. Lewis
  • Gladiolus newii Baker
  • Gladiolus nigromontanus Goldblatt
  • Gladiolus niveus Goldblatt & J.C. Manning
  • Gladiolus nyasicus Goldblatt
  • Gladiolus oatesii Rolfe
  • Gladiolus ochroleucus Baker (sect. Densiflorus)
  • Gladiolus odoratus L. Bolus
  • Gladiolus oliganthus Baker
  • Gladiolus oppositiflorus Herbert (sect. Ophiolyza)
  • Gladiolus orchidiflorus Andrews (sect. Hebea)
  • Gladiolus oreocharis Schltr.
  • Gladiolus pallidus Baker
  • Gladiolus paludosus Baker
  • Gladiolus palustris : Marsh Gladiolus
  • Gladiolus papilio Hook. f. (sect. Densiflorus) : Goldblotch Gladiolus
  • Gladiolus pappei Baker (sect. Blandus)
  • Gladiolus pardalinus Goldblatt & J.C. Manning
  • Gladiolus parvulus Schltr.
  • Gladiolus patersoniae F. Bolus or Bolus f.
  • Gladiolus pavonia Goldblatt & J.C. Manning
  • Gladiolus permeabilis Delaroche (sect. Hebea)
  • Gladiolus perrieri Goldblatt
  • Gladiolus persicus Boiss.
  • Gladiolus pillansii G. Lewis
  • Gladiolus pole-evansii
    Gladiolus pole-evansii

    Gladiolus pole-evansii is a species of plant in the Iridaceae family. It is Endemism to South Africa. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry shrubland....
     Verd.
  • Gladiolus praecostatus
  • Gladiolus praelongitubus G. J. Lewis
  • Gladiolus pretoriensis Kuntze
  • Gladiolus priorii (N. E. Br.) Goldblatt & De Vos
  • Gladiolus prismatosiphon Schltr.
  • Gladiolus pritzelii Diels
  • Gladiolus psittacinus Hook.
  • Gladiolus puberulus Vaupel
  • Gladiolus pubigerus G. Lewis
  • Gladiolus pulchellus Klatt
  • Gladiolus pulcherrimus (G. Lewis) Goldblatt & J.C. Manning
  • Gladiolus punctulatus Schrank
  • Gladiolus pusillus Goldblatt
  • Gladiolus quadrangularis (Burm. f.) Ker Gawler
  • Gladiolus quadrangulus (Delaroche) Barnard
  • Gladiolus ramosus
  • Gladiolus recurvus (sect. Homoglossum)
  • Gladiolus rehmannii Baker
  • Gladiolus remotifolius Baker
  • Gladiolus rigidifolius Baker
  • Gladiolus robertsoniae F. Bolus or Bolus f.
  • Gladiolus rogersii Baker
  • Gladiolus roseovenosus Goldblatt & J.C. Manning
  • Gladiolus rubellus Goldblatt
  • Gladiolus rudis Lichtst. ex Roem. & Schult.
  • Gladiolus rupicola F. Vaupel
  • Gladiolus saccatus (Klatt) Goldblatt & M.P. de Vos
  • Gladiolus salteri G. Lewis
  • Gladiolus saundersii Hook. f. : Saunders' Gladiolus, Lesotho Lily
  • Gladiolus schlechteri Baker
  • Gladiolus schweinfurthii Baker
  • Gladiolus scullyi Baker
  • Gladiolus serapiiflorus Goldblatt
  • Gladiolus serenjensis Goldblatt
  • Gladiolus sericeovillosus Hook. f.
  • Gladiolus serpenticola Goldblatt & J.C. Manning
  • Gladiolus somalensis Goldblatt & Thulin
  • Gladiolus speciosus Thunb.
  • Gladiolus spectabilis Baker (s. d.)
  • Gladiolus splendens ((Sweet)) Herbert
  • Gladiolus stefaniae Oberm.
  • Gladiolus stellatus G. Lewis
  • Gladiolus subcaeruleus G. Lewis
  • Gladiolus sufflavus (G. Lewis) Goldblatt & J.C. Manning
  • Gladiolus sulcatus Goldblatt
  • Gladiolus taubertianus Schltr.
  • Gladiolus tenellus Ecklon
  • Gladiolus tenuis M. Bieb.
  • Gladiolus teretifolius Goldblatt & De Vos
  • Gladiolus thomsonii Baker
  • Gladiolus trichonemifolius (sect. Homoglossum)
  • Gladiolus tristis (sect. Homoglossum)
    • Gladiolus tristis var. concolor (Salisb.) Baker : Ever-flowering Gladiolus
  • Gladiolus tritoniaeformis
  • Gladiolus tritoniiformis Kuntze
  • Gladiolus uitenhagensis Goldblatt & Vlok
  • Gladiolus undulatus L. (sect. Blandus) : Waved-flowered Gladiolus
  • Gladiolus unguiculatus Baker
  • Gladiolus usambarensis Marais ex Goldblatt
  • Gladiolus uysiae L. Bolus ex G. Lewis
  • Gladiolus vaginatus F. Bolus or Bolus f. (sect. Homoglossum)
  • Gladiolus validissimus Vaupel
  • Gladiolus vandermerwei (L. Bolus) Goldblatt & De Vos
  • Gladiolus varius F. Bolus or Bolus f.
  • Gladiolus velutinus De Wild.
  • Gladiolus venustus G. Lewis (sect. Hebea)
  • Gladiolus vernus Oberm.
  • Gladiolus vinoso-maculatus Kies
  • Gladiolus violaceo-lineatus G. Lewis
  • Gladiolus virescens Thunb. (sect. Hebea)
  • Gladiolus viridiflorus G. Lewis
  • Gladiolus viridis Aiton
  • Gladiolus watermeyeri (sect. Hebea)
  • Gladiolus watsonioides Baker
  • Gladiolus watsonius Thunb. (sect. Homoglossum)
  • Gladiolus woodii Baker
  • Gladiolus zimbabweensis Goldblatt


Cultivation

In temperate zones, the corms of most species and hybrids should be lifted in autumn and stored over winter in a frost
Frost

Frost is the solid deposition of water vapor from Saturation air. It is formed when solid surfaces are cooled to below the dew point of the adjacent air....
-free place, then replanted in spring. Some species from Europe and high altitudes in Africa, as well as the small 'Nanus' hybrids, are much hardier (to at least -15°F/-26°C) and can be left in the ground in regions with sufficiently dry winters. Plants are propagated
Plant propagation

'Plant propagation' is the process of artificially or naturally distributing plants....
 either from small cormlets produced as offsets by the parent corm
Corm

A corm is a short, vertical, swollen underground plant Plant stem that serves as a storage organ used by some plants to survive winter or other adverse conditions such as summer drought and heat ....
s, or from seed
Seed

A seed is a small Plant embryogenesis plant enclosed in a covering called the seed coat, usually with some Food storage. It is the product of the ripened ovule of gymnosperm and angiosperm plants which occurs after fertilization and some growth within the mother plant....
; in either case, they take several years to get to flowering size.

A popular 'Nanus' cultivar is Atom
Gladiolus atom

Gladiolus 'Atom' is a cultivar of Gladiolus which was introduced in 1946. It is a small gladiolus up to 3 or 4 feet tall with flowers of vermilion red with white edging....
.

In anatomy

Although not commonly used in anatomy
Anatomy

Anatomy is a branch of biology that is the consideration of the body plan. It is a general term that includes human anatomy, animal anatomy and plant anatomy ....
, the term "gladiolus" has been used to describe the sternal body
Body of sternum

The body of the sternum , considerably lengthier, narrower, and thinner than the manubrium, attains its greatest breadth close to the lower end....
, and does not include the manubrium
Manubrium

The manubrium or manubrium sterni is the broad, upper part of the sternum. With a quadrangular shape, wider superiorly and narrower inferiorly, it articulates with the clavicles and the first two ribs....
 (or presternum). The term comes from the sword-like shape of the sternal body, and fits with the commonly used term to describe the part of the sternum that rests superior to (above) the gladiolus, the "manubrium" ("shield" in Latin), which has the shape of the shield. Hence, the sword (gladiolus) and shield (manubrium), together with the xiphoid process
Xiphoid process

The xiphoid Process , also known as the xiphisternum is a small Cartilage extension to the lower part of the sternum which is usually Ossification in the adult human....
, make up the entirety of the sternum
Sternum

The sternum is a long flat bone located in the center of the chest . It connects to the rib via cartilage, forming the rib cage with them, and thus helps to protect the lungs, heart and major blood vessels from physical trauma....
. The joint between them is the manubriogladiolar or sternomanubrial joint.

External links

  • - Comprehensive information about Gladiolus