Genocide under municipal laws - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

The Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide

Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide

The Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 9 December 1948 as General Assembly Resolution 260. The Convention entered into force on 12 January 1951. It defines genocide in legal terms, and is the culmination of...

(CPPCG) came into effect in January 1951. Article 5, 6 and 7 of the CPPCG cover obligations that sovereign state

Sovereign state

A sovereign state, or simply, state, is a state with a defined territory on which it exercises internal and external sovereignty, a permanent population, a government, and the capacity to enter into relations with other sovereign states. It is also normally understood to be a state which is neither...

s that are parties to the convention must undertake to enact:
Since 1951 the following states have enacted provisions within their municipal law

Municipal law

Municipal law is the national, domestic, or internal law of a sovereign state defined in opposition to international law. Municipal law includes not only law at the national level, but law at the state, provincial, territorial, regional or local levels...

to prosecute or extradite perpetrators of genocide

Genocide

Genocide is defined as "the deliberate and systematic destruction, in whole or in part, of an ethnic, racial, religious, or national group", though what constitutes enough of a "part" to qualify as genocide has been subject to much debate by legal scholars...

State	Provisions	Notes
Albania	Chap. 1, Crimes Against Humanity, of the Criminal Code	See Genocide Law (Albania, 1995)
Antigua and Barbuda	Genocide Act, Laws, Vol. 4.
Argentina
Armenia	Article 393 of the Criminal code.
Australia	Genocide Convention Act 1949. International Criminal Court (Consequential Amendments) Act 2002
Austria	Paragraph 321 of the Strafgesetzbuch Strafgesetzbuch Strafgesetzbuch is the German name for Penal Code and is abbreviated to StGB.- History :In Germany the Strafgesetzbuch goes back to the Penal Code of the German Empire passed in the year 1871 which was largely identical to the Penal Code of the North German Confederation.This Reichsstrafgesetzbuch ... 1974.	Austrian law classifies all acts intended to annihilate a national, ethnic or religious group partially or in its entirety, create circumstances suitable to cause such events, create sterility in the group or other measures intended to prevent willful procreation, or forcefully abducting children of said group to integrate them into another as genocide, with a statutory sentence of life imprisonment. Conspiracy to commit such acts carries a penalty of one to ten years imprisonment.
Azerbaijan	Article 103 and 104 of the Criminal Code.
Bahrain	Decree No. 4 of 1990 (on genocide).
Bangladesh	International Crimes (Tribunals) Act 1973.
Barbados	Genocide Act, chapter 133A.
Belarus	Article 127 of the Criminal Code.
Belgium	Law on serious violations of international humanitarian law, 10 February 1999.	In 1993 Belgium Belgium Belgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO.Belgium is also a member of, or affiliated to, many... had adopted universal jurisdiction Universal jurisdiction Universal jurisdiction or universality principle is a principle in public international law whereby states claim criminal jurisdiction over persons whose alleged crimes were committed outside the boundaries of the prosecuting state, regardless of nationality, country of residence, or any other... , allowing prosecution of genocide, committed by anybody in the world. The practice was widely applauded by many human rights Human rights Human rights are "commonly understood as inalienable fundamental rights to which a person is inherently entitled simply because she or he is a human being." Human rights are thus conceived as universal and egalitarian . These rights may exist as natural rights or as legal rights, in both national... groups, because it made legal action possible to perpetrators who did not have a direct link with Belgium, and whose victims were not Belgian citizens or residents. Ten years later in 2003, Belgium repealed the law on universal jurisdiction (under pressure from the United States). However, some cases which had already started continued. These included those concerning the Rwandan genocide, and complaints filed against the Chadian ex-President Hissène Habré Hissène Habré Hissène Habré , also spelled Hissen Habré, was the leader of Chad from 1982 until he was deposed in 1990.-Early life:... . In a Belgium court case War Crimes Law (Belgium) Belgium's War Crimes Law invokes the concept of universal jurisdiction to allow anyone to bring war crime charges in Belgian courts, regardless of where the alleged crimes have taken place.... lodged on 18 June 2001 by 23 survivors of the 1982 Sabra and Shatila massacres, the prosecution alleged that Ariel Sharon Ariel Sharon Ariel Sharon is an Israeli statesman and retired general, who served as Israel’s 11th Prime Minister. He has been in a permanent vegetative state since suffering a stroke on 4 January 2006.... , former Israeli defense minister (and Israel's Prime Minister in 2001–2006), as well as other Israelis committed a number of crimes including genocide, because "all the constituent elements of the crime of genocide, as defined in the 1948 Convention and as reproduced in article 6 of the ICC Statute and in article 1§1 of the law of 16 June 1993,29 are present". This allegation was not tested in Belgium court because on 12 February 2003 the Court of Cassation Court of Cassation (Belgium) The Court of Cassation is the main court of last resort in Belgium.It was originally modelled after the French Cour de cassation. Its jurisdiction and powers are similar to those of its French counterpart.... (Belgian Supreme Court) ruled that under international customary law, acting heads of state and government can not become the object of proceedings before criminal tribunals in foreign state (although for the crime of genocide they could be the subject of proceedings of an international tribunal). This ruling was a reiteration of a decision made a year earlier by the International Court of Justice International Court of Justice The International Court of Justice is the primary judicial organ of the United Nations. It is based in the Peace Palace in The Hague, Netherlands... on 14 February 2002. Following these ruling in June 2003 the Belgian Justice Ministry decided to start a procedure to transfer the case to Israel.
Bolivia	Article 138 of the Código Penal.
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Article 141 of the Penal Code.	List of Bosnian genocide prosecutions#The Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Brazil	Law No. 2.889 of 1 October 1956.	The Helmet Massacre Helmet Massacre The Helmet Massacre of the Tikuna people took place in 1988, and was initially treated as homicide. During the massacre four people died, nineteen were wounded, and ten disappeared. Since 1994 it has been treated by the Brazilian courts as a genocide. Thirteen men were convicted of genocide in 2001... of the Tikuna people Ticuna language Tïcuna, or Tïkuna, is a language spoken by approximately 40,000 people in Brazil, Peru, and Colombia. It is the native language of the Tïcuna people. Tïcuna is generally classified as a language isolate, but may be related to the extinct Yuri language... took place in 1988, and was initially treated as homicide. Since 1994 it has been treated by the Brazil Brazil Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people... ian courts as a genocide. Thirteen men were convicted of genocide in 2001. In November 2004 at the appeal before Brazil's federal court, the man initially found guilty of hiring men to carry out the genocide was acquitted, and the other men had their initial sentences of 15–25 years reduced to 12 years. In a news letter published on 7 August 2006 the Indianist Missionary Council reported that: "In a plenary session, the [Brizillian] Supreme Federal Court (STF) reaffirmed that the crime known as the Haximu Massacre Haximu massacre The Haximu Massacre, also known as the Yanomami Massacre, was an armed conflict in Brazil in 1993. The conflict occurred just outside of Haximu, Brazil, near the Venezuela border, beginning in mid-June or July of 1993. Approximately 16 Yanomami people were killed by a group of garimpeiros... [perpetrated on the Yanomami Indians in 1993] was a genocide and that the decision of a federal court to sentence miners to 19 years in prison for genocide in connection with other offenses, such as smuggling and illegal mining, is valid. It was a unanimous decision made during the judgment of Extraordinary Appeal (RE) 351487 today, the 3rd, in the morning by justices of the Supreme Court". Commenting on the case the NGO Survival International Survival International Survival International is a human rights organisation formed in 1969 that campaigns for the rights of indigenous tribal peoples and uncontacted peoples, seeking to help them to determine their own future. Their campaigns generally focus on tribal peoples' fight to keep their ancestral lands,... said "The UN convention on genocide, ratified by Brazil, states that the killing 'with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group' is genocide. The Supreme Court's ruling is highly significant and sends an important warning to those who continue to commit crimes against indigenous peoples in Brazil."
Kingdom of Bulgaria	Article 416 on Genocide, of the Criminal Code.
Burkina Faso	Article 313 of the Code Pénal.
Burundi		In 2003 the transitional parliament in Burundi passed a law, introduced to parliament by the Burundian Foreign Minister Therence Sinunguruzaa, chiefly aimed at preventing genocide.
Cambodia	Law for prosecuting crimes committed from 1975 to 1979.
Canada	Act on genocide and war crimes, Article 318 on Advocating Genocide.	In Canada Canada Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean... the War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity Act makes it an offence under Canadian law to commit genocide, whether inside or outside Canada. A person may be charged under this law if, at the time of the crime, the perpetrator was a Canadian citizen or was employed by Canada, if the victim was a Canadian citizen or a citizen of a country allied to Canada, if the perpetrator was a citizen of, or employed by, a country that Canada was engaged in armed conflict with or if, at any time after committing the crime, the perpetrator enters Canadian territory.
Mainland China	Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong is one of two Special Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China , the other being Macau. A city-state situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is renowned for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour... , Section 9A, Offenses Against Person Ordinance, Cap. 212 - genocide. Macau Macau Macau , also spelled Macao , is, along with Hong Kong, one of the two special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China... , Article 230 (Genocide).
Colombia	Articles 101 & 102 of the Código Penal.
Costa Rica	Article 127 of the Código Penal (14 April 1998).	The law includes political groups or social groups as a protected group.
Côte d'Ivoire	Article 137 of the Code Pénal.
Independent State of Croatia	Article 156 of the Penal Code.
Cuba	Article 361 of the Código Penal.
Cyprus	Uw 59/ 1980.
Czech Republic	Article 259 of the Penal Code.
Denmark	Law Nr. 132 of 29 April 1955.
El Salvador	Article 361 of the Código Penal.
Ethiopia	Article 281 of the Penal Code of 1957.
Estonia	Article 91 of the Karistusseadustik eriosa.
Fiji	Chapter 34 (Genocide) of the Penal Code.
Early Modern France	Article 211-1 of the Code Pénal.	The French law defines "a group determined by any arbitrary criteria" which is far broader than that found in the CPPCG.
Finland	Criminal Code on Genocide and Ethnic Agitation	Genocide has been criminalized as a separate crime in Finland since 1995 and carries a penalty from 4 years to life sentence. Attempted genocide or planning it are punishable. Genocide, as a number of other crimes of international nature is inside Finnish universal jurisdiction, but under Chapter 1, Section 12 of the Criminal Code Criminal Code of Finland The Criminal Code of Finland is the codification of the central legal source concerning criminal law in Finland.-References:*Note: English not being official language in Finland, the English translations of Finnish legislation at finlex.fi are unofficial, though used by the Finnish Ministry of... , incidents of it abroad may not be investigated unless the Prosecutor General gives an order to do this. The group "Falun Dafa in Europe" on their website report that in 2003 "the Finnish human right lawyer Mr. Erkki Kannsto filed a criminal lawsuit against Luo Gan Luo Gan Luo Gan is a former member of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China and former Political and Legislative Affairs Committee secretary of the People's Republic of China.-Biography:... with the National Criminal Prosecutor Office and the Police Department in Helsinki on September 11, 2003, on the charges of "cruel torture" and "genocide." ... The Finnish Office of the Prosecutor General and the Police Department immediately carried out an investigation into the case after accepting the lawsuit". However, no further action was taken by Finnish authorities before Luo Gan returned to China.
Georgia (country)	Article 651 (genocide) of the penal code
Germany	Article 220a of the Strafgesetzbuch Strafgesetzbuch Strafgesetzbuch is the German name for Penal Code and is abbreviated to StGB.- History :In Germany the Strafgesetzbuch goes back to the Penal Code of the German Empire passed in the year 1871 which was largely identical to the Penal Code of the North German Confederation.This Reichsstrafgesetzbuch ... (1954), superseded by article 6 of the Völkerstrafgesetzbuch Völkerstrafgesetzbuch The Völkerstrafgesetzbuch or VStGB is the German law that regulates the crimes against public international law. It was created to bring the German criminal law into accordance with the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. It was announced on 26 June 2002 and became law 30 June 2002... (2002).	Prior to the 2007 ICJ ruling on the Bosnian Genocide Case German courts handed down several convictions for genocide during the Bosnian War Bosnian War The Bosnian War or the War in Bosnia and Herzegovina was an international armed conflict that took place in Bosnia and Herzegovina between April 1992 and December 1995. The war involved several sides... . Novislav Djajić was indicted for participation in genocide, but the Bavaria Bavaria Bavaria, formally the Free State of Bavaria is a state of Germany, located in the southeast of Germany. With an area of , it is the largest state by area, forming almost 20% of the total land area of Germany... n Higher Regional Court failed to find beyond a reasonable doubt Reasonable doubt Proof beyond a reasonable doubt is the standard of evidence required to validate a criminal conviction in most adversarial legal systems . Generally the prosecution bears the burden of proof and is required to prove their version of events to this standard... that he had intended to commit genocide. He was found guilty of 14 cases of murder and one case of attempted murder, receiving a sentence of 5 years imprisonment. At Djajic's appeal on 23 May 1997, the Bavarian Appeals Court found that acts of genocide were committed in June 1992, though confined within the administrative district of Foča Foca Foča is a town and municipality in southeastern Bosnia and Herzegovina on the Drina river, in the Foča Region of the Republika Srpska entity.-Early history:... . The Higher Regional Court (Oberlandesgericht) of Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Düsseldorf is the capital city of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia and centre of the Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region.Düsseldorf is an important international business and financial centre and renowned for its fashion and trade fairs. Located centrally within the European Megalopolis, the... , in September 1997, handed down a genocide conviction against Nikola Jorgić Nikola Jorgic Nikola Jorgic is a Bosnian Serb from the Doboj region who was the leader of a paramilitary group located in the Doboj region. In 1997, Nikola was convicted of genocide in Germany. This was the first conviction won against participants in the Bosnian Genocide... , a Bosnian Serb from the Doboj Doboj Doboj is a city and a municipality in northern Bosnia and Herzegovina, situated in the northern part of the Republika Srpska entity on the river Bosna. Doboj is the largest national railway junction; as such, the seats of the Republika Srpska Railways, and the Railways Corporation of Bosnia and... region who was the leader of a paramilitary group located in the Doboj region. He was sentenced to four terms of life imprisonment Life imprisonment Life imprisonment is a sentence of imprisonment for a serious crime under which the convicted person is to remain in jail for the rest of his or her life... for his involvement in genocidal actions that took place in regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina, other than Srebrenica. On 29 November 1999, the Higher Regional Court (Oberlandesgericht) of Düsseldorf condemned Maksim Sokolović to 9 years in prison for aiding and abetting the crime of genocide and for grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions".
Ghana	Criminal Code (Amendment) Act, 1993 Section 1: Genocide
Guatemala	Article 376 of the Código Penal
Hungary	Article 155 of the Penal Code
Indonesia	Article 26 Tahun – Pasal 8 – genosida
Iraq	statute of the Iraqi Special Tribunal, issued 10 December 2003
Republic of Ireland	Ireland's Genocide Act of 1973
Israel	Israeli Law on the Crime of Genocide, 5710 -1950
Italy	law on Genocide of 9 October 1967, n. 962
Jamaica	Offenses against the person (amendment) 1968, s. 33
Kiribati (Gilbert Islands)	Penal Code Article 52 (Genocide)
Kyrgyzstan	Article 373 of the Criminal Code
Latvia	Article 71 of the Penal Code
Liechtenstein	Article 321 of the Penal Code
Lithuania	Article 99 of the Criminal Code
Luxembourg	Genocide law, 8 August 1985
Mali	Article 30 of the Code Pénal
Mexico	Article 149 of the Código Penal
New Zealand	International Crimes and ICC Act of 6 September 2000.
Netherlands	Act Implementing the Conv. on Genocide, 2 July 1964.	Dutch law restricts prosecutions for genocide to its nationals. On December 23, 2005 a Dutch court ruled in a case brought against Frans van Anraat Frans van Anraat Frans Cornelis Adrianus van Anraat is a Dutch businessman who sold raw materials for the production of chemical weapons to Iraq during the reign of Saddam Hussein.-Business in Iraq:... for supplying chemicals to Iraq, that "[it] thinks and considers legally and convincingly proven that the Kurdish population meets the requirement under the genocide conventions as an ethnic group. The court has no other conclusion: that these attacks were committed with the intent to destroy the Kurdish population of Iraq" and because he supplied the chemicals before 16 March 1988, the date of the Halabja poison gas attack Halabja poison gas attack The Halabja poison gas attack , also known as Halabja massacre or Bloody Friday, was a genocidal massacre against the Kurdish people that took place on March 16, 1988, during the closing days of the Iran–Iraq War, when chemical weapons were used by the Iraqi government forces in the Kurdish town of... , he is guilty of a war crime but not guilty of complicity in genocide.
Nicaragua	Article 549 & 550 of the Código Penal.
Panama	Article 311 of the Código Penal.
Paraguay	Articulo 319 9 of the Código Penal.
Peru	Title XIV (Law # 26926 (Article 129 of the Código Penal)).	The law includes political groups or social groups as a protected group.
Poland	Article 118 of the Kodeks Karny (penal code).
Portugal	Article 239 of the Codigo Penal.	The law includes political groups or social groups as a protected group.
Republic of the Congo	' 'Law No. 8 - 98 of 31 October 1998 on genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity.
Kingdom of Romania	Article 356 of the Penal Code.
Russia	Article 357 of the Federal Criminal Code.
Rwanda	Organic Law No. 08/96 on Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity.
Serbia	Article 370 of the Krivični zakonik (2005).
Seychelles	Genocide Act of 1969.
Solomon Islands	Article 52 (Genocide) of the Penal Code.
Slovakia	Articles 259-265 of the Criminal Code.
Slovenia	Chapter 35, art. 373 and 378 of the Penal Code, 1994.
South Africa	Implementation of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court Act 27 (12 July 2002).
Spain	Article 607 of the Código Penal Ley Orgánica 10/1995, 23 November.	Under Spanish law, judges have the right to try foreigners suspected of genocidal acts that have taken place outside Spain. In June 2003 Spanish Judge Baltasar Garzón Baltasar Garzón Baltasar Garzón Real is a Spanish jurist who served on Spain's central criminal court, the Audiencia Nacional. He was the examining magistrate of the Juzgado Central de Instrucción No... jailed Ricardo Miguel Cavallo, (also known as Miguel Angel Cavallo), a former Argentine Argentina Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires... naval officer, extradited from Mexico to Spain pending his trial on charges of genocide and terrorism relating to the years of Argentina's military dictatorship. On 29 February 2008, the Spanish agreed to extradite Cavallo to Argentina where he is charged with crimes against humanity. He still faces a trial in Spain on genocide charges at some later date. In 1999, Nobel peace prize winner Rigoberta Menchu Rigoberta Menchú Rigoberta Menchú Tum is an indigenous Guatemalan, of the K'iche' ethnic group. Menchú has dedicated her life to publicizing the plight of Guatemala's indigenous peoples during and after the Guatemalan Civil War , and to promoting indigenous rights in the country... brought a case against the military leadership in a Spanish Court. Six officials, among them Efrain Rios Montt Efraín Ríos Montt José Efraín Ríos Montt is a former de facto President of Guatemala, dictator, army general, and former president of Congress. In the 2003 presidential elections, he unsuccessfully ran as the candidate of the ruling Guatemalan Republican Front .Huehuetenango-born Ríos Montt remains one of the most... and Oscar Humberto Mejia, were formally charged on 7 July 2006 to appear in the Spanish National Court after Spain's Constitutional Court ruled in 2005 that Spanish courts can exercise universal jurisdiction Universal jurisdiction Universal jurisdiction or universality principle is a principle in public international law whereby states claim criminal jurisdiction over persons whose alleged crimes were committed outside the boundaries of the prosecuting state, regardless of nationality, country of residence, or any other... over war crimes committed during the Guatemalan Civil War Guatemalan Civil War The Guatemalan Civil War ran from 1960-1996. The thirty-six-year civil war began as a grassroots, popular response to the rightist and military usurpation of civil government , and the President's disrespect for the human and civil rights of the majority of the population... (1960–1996) On 11 January 2006 it was reported that the Spanish High Court would investigate whether seven former Chinese officials, including the former President of China Jiang Zemin Jiang Zemin Jiang Zemin is a former Chinese politician, who served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of China from 1989 to 2002, as President of the People's Republic of China from 1993 to 2003, and as Chairman of the Central Military Commission from 1989 to 2005... and former Prime Minister Li Peng Li Peng Li Peng served as the fourth Premier of the People's Republic of China, between 1987 and 1998, and the Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, China's top legislative body, from 1998 to 2003. For much of the 1990s Li was ranked second in the Communist Party of China ... participated in a genocide in Tibet Tibet Tibet is a plateau region in Asia, north-east of the Himalayas. It is the traditional homeland of the Tibetan people as well as some other ethnic groups such as Monpas, Qiang, and Lhobas, and is now also inhabited by considerable numbers of Han and Hui people... . This investigation followed a Spanish Constitutional Court (26 September 2005) ruling that Spanish courts could try genocide cases even if they did not involve Spanish nationals. The court proceedings in the case brought by the Madrid-based Committee to Support Tibet against several former Chinese officials was opened by the Judge on 6 June 2006, and on the same day China denounced the Spanish court's investigation into claims of genocide in Tibet as an interference in its internal affairs and dismissed the allegations as "sheer fabrication". The case was shelved in 2010, following a law passed in 2009 that restricted High Court investigations to those "involving Spanish victims, suspects who are in Spain, or some other obvious link with Spain". The judicial rules in place in Spain before passed this law had irritated many other countries such as Israel Israel The State of Israel is a parliamentary republic located in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea... , who's officials had faced possible prosecution.
Suriname	Constitution of Suriname of 1987: Chapter IV: International principles:Article 7.4.
Sweden	Article 169 of the' Lagboken (Act of 20 March 1963).	In Sweden genocide was criminalized in 1964. According to the Swedish law any act intended to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial or religious group, as such, and which is punished according to the criminal act is punished as genocide and carries a penalty from 4 years to life sentence. The Swedish legislation simply noticed that any severe common crime which is committed in order to destroy an ethnic group can be considered genocide, no matter what specific crime it is. Also intent, preparation or conspiring to genocide, and also failure to reveal such a crime is punishable as specified in penal code chapter 23, which is applicable to all crimes.
Switzerland	Article 264 of the Penal Code.
Tajikistan	Crimes Against the Peace and Security of Mankind.
Tonga	Genocide Act, 1969.
Trinidad and Tobago	Genocide Act, 1977.
Tuvalu	Article 52 (Genocide) of the Penal Code.
Ukraine	Article 442 on Genocide, of Criminal Code.
United Kingdom	The Genocide Act 1969 Genocide Act 1969 The Genocide Act 1969 was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It gave effect to the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide approved by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 9 December 1948.... , superseded by the International Criminal Court Act 2001 International Criminal Court Act 2001 The International Criminal Court Act is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The Act implements into the law of England, Wales and Northern Ireland the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court.The principal aims of the Act are:... .	The United Kingdom has incorporated the International Criminal Court Act into domestic law. It was not retroactive so it applies only to events after May 2001 and genocide charges can be filed only against British nationals and residents. According to Peter Carter QC Queen's Counsel Queen's Counsel , known as King's Counsel during the reign of a male sovereign, are lawyers appointed by letters patent to be one of Her [or His] Majesty's Counsel learned in the law... , chairman of the Bar's human rights committee "It means that British mercenaries who support regimes that commit war crimes can expect prosecution". The Coroners and Justice Act 2009 Coroners and Justice Act 2009 -External links:, as amended from the National Archives., as originally enacted from the National Archives.* to the Coroners and Justice Act 2009.... , altered the ICC ACT so that prosecutions could be taken against anyone in the UK from January 1991 — The date from which the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia had jurisdiction to try offences under the Tribunal’s Statute adopted by the United Nations Security Council.
United States	Chapter 50A of the United States Code United States Code The Code of Laws of the United States of America is a compilation and codification of the general and permanent federal laws of the United States... .	United States federal law recognizes the crime of genocide where it was committed within the U.S. or by a national of the U.S. . A person found guilty of genocide can face the death penalty Capital punishment Capital punishment, the death penalty, or execution is the sentence of death upon a person by the state as a punishment for an offence. Crimes that can result in a death penalty are known as capital crimes or capital offences. The term capital originates from the Latin capitalis, literally... or life imprisonment. Persons found guilty of genocide may be denied entry or deported from the U.S. .

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