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GAZ (RTS:GAZA) or Gorkovsky Avtomobilny Zavod (Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
, Nizhny Novgorod
Nizhny Novgorod

Nizhny Novgorod , colloquially shortened as Nizhny, is the fourth largest types of inhabited localities in Russia in Russia, ranking after Moscow, Saint Petersburg, and Novosibirsk....
), translated as Gorky Automobile Plant , started in 1929 as NNAZ, a cooperation between Ford
Ford Motor Company

The Ford Motor Company is an United States multinational corporation and the world's List of automobile manufacturers#World Motor Vehicle Production by Manufacturer based on worldwide vehicle sales, following Toyota, General Motors, and Volkswagen Group....
 and the Soviet Union
Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a Constitution of the Soviet Union socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.The name is a translation of the , romanization of Russian Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, abbreviated ????, SSSR....
.

ay 1929 the Soviet Union
Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a Constitution of the Soviet Union socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.The name is a translation of the , romanization of Russian Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, abbreviated ????, SSSR....
 signed an agreement with the Ford Motor Company
Ford Motor Company

The Ford Motor Company is an United States multinational corporation and the world's List of automobile manufacturers#World Motor Vehicle Production by Manufacturer based on worldwide vehicle sales, following Toyota, General Motors, and Volkswagen Group....
. Under its terms, the Soviets agreed to purchase $13 million worth of automobiles and parts, while Ford agreed to give technical assistance until 1938 to construct an integrated automobile-manufacturing plant at Nizhny Novgorod
Nizhny Novgorod

Nizhny Novgorod , colloquially shortened as Nizhny, is the fourth largest types of inhabited localities in Russia in Russia, ranking after Moscow, Saint Petersburg, and Novosibirsk....
.






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GAZ (RTS:GAZA) or Gorkovsky Avtomobilny Zavod (Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
, Nizhny Novgorod
Nizhny Novgorod

Nizhny Novgorod , colloquially shortened as Nizhny, is the fourth largest types of inhabited localities in Russia in Russia, ranking after Moscow, Saint Petersburg, and Novosibirsk....
), translated as Gorky Automobile Plant , started in 1929 as NNAZ, a cooperation between Ford
Ford Motor Company

The Ford Motor Company is an United States multinational corporation and the world's List of automobile manufacturers#World Motor Vehicle Production by Manufacturer based on worldwide vehicle sales, following Toyota, General Motors, and Volkswagen Group....
 and the Soviet Union
Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a Constitution of the Soviet Union socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.The name is a translation of the , romanization of Russian Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, abbreviated ????, SSSR....
.

History

In May 1929 the Soviet Union
Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a Constitution of the Soviet Union socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.The name is a translation of the , romanization of Russian Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, abbreviated ????, SSSR....
 signed an agreement with the Ford Motor Company
Ford Motor Company

The Ford Motor Company is an United States multinational corporation and the world's List of automobile manufacturers#World Motor Vehicle Production by Manufacturer based on worldwide vehicle sales, following Toyota, General Motors, and Volkswagen Group....
. Under its terms, the Soviets agreed to purchase $13 million worth of automobiles and parts, while Ford agreed to give technical assistance until 1938 to construct an integrated automobile-manufacturing plant at Nizhny Novgorod
Nizhny Novgorod

Nizhny Novgorod , colloquially shortened as Nizhny, is the fourth largest types of inhabited localities in Russia in Russia, ranking after Moscow, Saint Petersburg, and Novosibirsk....
. Production started on January 1, 1932, and the factory and marque was titled Gorkovsky Avtomobilny Zavod, or GAZ, but also displayed the "Ford" sign. GAZ's first vehicle was the medium-priced Ford Model A
Ford Model A

The Model A was the designation of two cars made by Ford Motor Company, one in 1903 and one beginning in 1927:* Ford Model A * Ford Model A ...
, sold as the GAZ- A, and a light truck, the Ford Model AA
Ford Model AA

Ford Model AA is a truck from Ford Motor Company. As the Model T and Ford Model TT became obsolete and needed to be replaced, Henry Ford began initial designs on the Model A and Model AA in 1926....
 (GAZ-AA). GAZ-A production commenced in 1932 and lasted until 1936, during which time over 100,000 examples were built.

Many American engineers and skilled auto workers moved to the Soviet Union to work at GAZ. Hundreds of American workers stayed on after the plant's completion in 1932, often with their families. They had to deliver their American passports, and within a few years became victims of Stalin's Great Terror
Great Purge

Great Purge was a series of campaigns of political repression and persecution in the Soviet Union orchestrated by Joseph Stalin in 1936-1938. Also described as a "Soviet holocaust" by several authors, it involved the purge of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, repression of kulaks, Red Army leadership, and the persecution of unaffiliat...
, either shot or exiled to Soviet gulag
Gulag

The Gulag was the government agency that administered the penal labor camps of the Soviet Union. Gulag is the Russian acronym for The Chief Administration of Corrective Labor Camps and Colonies of the NKVD....
s. Attempts of these Americans to their embassy to help them were rebuffed or ignored. A notable survivor of these expatriats was Viktor Herman.

The factory's name changed when the city was renamed after Maxim Gorky
Maxim Gorky

Aleksey Maksimovich Peshkov , better known as Maxim Gorky , was a Russian/Soviet Union author, a founder of the socialist realism literary method and a political activist....
. From 1935 to 1956, the official name was augmented with imeni Molotova (literally, named after Molotov
Vyacheslav Molotov

Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov , Soviet Union politician and diplomacy, was a leading figure in the Government of the Soviet Union from the 1920s, when he rose to power as a prot?g? of Joseph Stalin, to 1957, when he was dismissed from Presidium of the Central Committee by Nikita Khrushchev....
).

The GAZ-A was succeeded by the more modern GAZ M1 (based largely on the Ford V8
Ford Model B (1932)

The Model B was a new Ford automobile produced in model year 1932. It was a much updated version of the Ford Model A and was replaced by the Ford Model 48....
), produced from 1936 to 1942. The M letter stands for Molotovets ('of Molotov's fame'), it was the origin of the car's nickname, M'ka.

Experience with the A and the M1 allowed the GAZ engineers to develop their own car model independently of Ford. Called the GAZ 11, this more upscale model entered production in 1942 and remained in limited wartime production until 1946. The M2's bodyshell entered limited production in 1941, mounted on a four-wheel drive
Four-wheel drive

Four-wheel drive, 4WD, 4x4 , or AWD is a four-wheeled vehicle with a Powertrain that allows all four wheels to receive torque from the engine simultaneously....
 chassis and sold in small quantities as the GAZ-61
GAZ-61

GAZ-61 was a four wheel drive car from USSR manufacturer GAZ first introduced in 1938 GAZ-61 to replace V.A Grachev's too-complex model GAS-M21, but production didn't really start until 1940....
 (quite possibly the world's first all-wheel drive passenger car).

During the war years, GAZ engineers worked to develop an all-new car model to enter production once hostilities ended. Called the GAZ-M20 Pobeda
GAZ-M20 Pobeda

The GAZ-M20 "Pobeda" is a passenger car produced in the Soviet Union by GAZ from 1946 until 1958. It was also licensed to Poland Fabryka Samochod?w Osobowych....
 (Victory), this affordably-priced sedan with streamlined, fastback styling, entered production in 1946 and was produced by GAZ until 1958. (Licensed production under the name Warszawa continued in Polish
Poland

Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe. Poland is bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian Enclave and exclave, to the north....
 FSO until the 1970s). GAZ-72, a four wheel drive
Four Wheel Drive

The Four Wheel Drive Auto Company, more often known as Four Wheel Drive or just FWD, was founded in 1909 in Clintonville, Wisconsin as the Badger Four-Wheel Drive Auto Company by Otto Zachow and William Besserdich....
 version, was produced in low volume.

During the war GAZ also assembled Chevrolet G7107 and G7117 (G7107 with winch) from parts shipped from the USA according to Lend Lease agreement.

GAZ also made GAZ-12 ZIM
GAZ-12 ZIM

GAZ-12 ZIM is a limousine produced at the GAZ from 1950 till 1959. ZIM abbreviation stands for Zavod Imeni Molotova, which reflects the part of factory's official name at the time....
, GAZ-21 and GAZ-24 Volga
Volga (automobile)

Volga is an automobile brand, that originated in Soviet Union to replace the venerated GAZ-M20 Pobeda in 1956. Revolutionary in design, it became a symbol of higher status, in the Soviet nomenklatura....
 and the luxury cars GAZ-13 and GAZ-14 Chaika. GAZ also makes truck
Truck

File:Red truck USA.JPGA truck is a type of motor vehicle commonly used for carrying goods and materials. Some light trucks are relatively small, similar in size to a passenger automobile....
s and 4x4s
Four Wheel Drive

The Four Wheel Drive Auto Company, more often known as Four Wheel Drive or just FWD, was founded in 1909 in Clintonville, Wisconsin as the Badger Four-Wheel Drive Auto Company by Otto Zachow and William Besserdich....
 such as the GAZel
Gazel

Gazel is a form of Turkish music that has almost died out. While in other parts of the Central Asian world, gazel is synonymous with ghazal, in Turkey it denotes an improvised form of solo singing that is sometimes accompanied by the ney, ud, or tanbur....
 and the famous GAZ-69
GAZ-69

GAZ-69 was a four wheel drive light truck of Jeep class, produced by GAZ between 1953 and 1955. From 1954 until 1972 it was produced by UAZ, as UAZ-69, though they were commonly known as GAZ-69s as well....
.

2006 and beyond

As DaimlerChrysler
DaimlerChrysler

Daimler Aktiengesellschaft is a Germany car corporation and automaker as well as the largest truck manufacturer in the world. In addition to automobiles, Daimler manufactures trucks and provides financial services through its Daimler Financial Services arm....
 modernized its Sterling Heights Assembly
Sterling Heights Assembly

Sterling Heights Assembly is a Chrysler automobile factory in Sterling Heights, Michigan. The factory opened in 1953 to produce missiles. Volkswagen converted it for automobile production in 1980 and it was subsequently purchased by Chrysler in 1983....
 plant in 2006, the old Dodge Stratus
Dodge Stratus

The Dodge Stratus was a mid-size 4-door sedan introduced in 1995. It was based on the Chrysler JA platform Cab forward . The Stratus, Breeze, and Cirrus were all on Car and Driver magazine's Car and Driver Ten Best for 1996 and 1997....
 assembly line and tooling was sold to GAZ and will be shipped to Nizhny Novgorod
Nizhny Novgorod

Nizhny Novgorod , colloquially shortened as Nizhny, is the fourth largest types of inhabited localities in Russia in Russia, ranking after Moscow, Saint Petersburg, and Novosibirsk....
 in Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
. GAZ will resume production of the Stratus, and may introduce additional variants in the future, as GAZ has purchased the rights to use the platform in new vehicles., whilst the company originally announced that the Volga
Volga (automobile)

Volga is an automobile brand, that originated in Soviet Union to replace the venerated GAZ-M20 Pobeda in 1956. Revolutionary in design, it became a symbol of higher status, in the Soviet nomenklatura....
 will be phased out completely. However, GAZ has recently reversed course. Volga production, initially scheduled to end in 2007, will continue indefinitely and the car will receive a facelift. GAZ will adopt a new marketing tack, attempting to position the 1960s era design as a "retro" vehicle, while the Stratus-based products may also be sold under the Volga brand.

Also in 2006, GAZ made a move on the LDV
LDV Limited

For other uses see LDVLDV Group Limited, formerly Leyland DAF Vans, is a UK van manufacturer, based in the Ward End area of Birmingham, and is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Russian GAZ group....
 company based in Birmingham
Birmingham

Birmingham is a city status in the United Kingdom and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands of England. Birmingham is the most populous of England's English Core Cities Group, and is the List of United Kingdom cities by population British city after London, with a population of 1,010,200 ....
, England
England

native_name =|conventional_long_name = England|common_name = England|image_flag = Flag of England.svg|image_coat = England COA.svg|symbol_type = Royal Coat of Arms...
, and acquired the van maker from the venture capital group Sun European Partners in July of that year.

GAZ have said that they plan to market the MAXUS (LDV
LDV

LDV can mean:*Light duty vehicle, a type of automobile*LDV Group Limited , a United Kingdom manufacturer of panel vans, pick-ups and mini buses...
's new Panel-van, that was released in January 2005) into the rest of Europe (it is currently only on sale in Britain and limited areas of Europe) and Asia. GAZ Propose to increase production in the LDV plant in England, while also commencing production of the MAXUS in a new plant in Russia.

Models

  • GAZ-A passenger car (1932-1936)
  • GAZ-AA truck (1932-1938)
  • GAZ-03-30 bus (1933-1950)
  • GAZ-AAA truck 6x4 (1934-1943)
  • GAZ-410 dump truck (1934-1947)
  • BA-6 middle armoured car (1936-1938)
  • GAZ-M1 passenger car (1936-1942)
  • GAZ-?415 pickup truck (1937-1941)
  • GAZ-MM truck (1938-1950)
  • BA-10
    BA-10

    The BA-10 was an Armored car developed in the Soviet Union in the 1930s. The BA-10 was developed from the very similar BA-3 and BA-6 heavy armored cars....
     middle armoured car (1939-1941)
  • GAZ-11-73 (6-I) passenger car (1940-1941, 1945-1948)
  • GAZ-61
    GAZ-61

    GAZ-61 was a four wheel drive car from USSR manufacturer GAZ first introduced in 1938 GAZ-61 to replace V.A Grachev's too-complex model GAS-M21, but production didn't really start until 1940....
     4x4 passenger car
    Four Wheel Drive

    The Four Wheel Drive Auto Company, more often known as Four Wheel Drive or just FWD, was founded in 1909 in Clintonville, Wisconsin as the Badger Four-Wheel Drive Auto Company by Otto Zachow and William Besserdich....
     (1941-1945)
  • GAZ-64
    GAZ-64

    GAZ-64 was a Four wheel drive vehicle made by GAZ, succeeding the earlier GAZ-61 which was totally reconstructed in a very short period under the leadership of Vitaliy Grachev and was named GAZ 64....
     4x4 jeep (1941-1943)
  • T-60 light tank (1941-1942)
  • T-70
    T-70

    The T-70 light tank was used by the Red Army during World War II, replacing both the T-60 scout tank for reconnaissance and the T-50 tank light infantry tank for infantry support....
     light tank (1942-1943)
  • BA-64
    BA-64

    The BA-64 was a 4?4 light Armored car , employed by the Soviet Army from 1942 into the early 1960s for reconnaissance and liaison tasks.The BA-64B was nicknamed 'Bobik' by its crews....
     light armoured car (1942-1943)
  • GAZ-67
    GAZ-67

    The GAZ-67 and the subsequent GAZ-67B were general purpose four wheel drive Soviet military vehicles built by GAZ starting in 1943.The GAZ-67 was a further development of the earlier GAZ-64....
     4x4 jeep (1943-1944)
  • BA-64B light armoured car (1943-1946)
  • GAZ-67B - 4x4 jeep (1944-1953)
  • GAZ-51
    GAZ-51

    GAZ-51 was the best known, most popular, and longest produced Soviet Union truck. Its first prototypes were produced before the end of World War II, and mass production started in 1946....
     - truck (1946-1975)
  • GAZ-M20 - Pobeda passenger car (1946-1948, 1949-1955)
  • GAZ-63
    GAZ-63

    The GAZ-63 is a Russian 4x4 2 ton truck produced from 1948 to 1968 at the Gorky Automobile Plant. It was a development of the earlier GAZ-51 truck and is very similar in appearance....
     - 4x4 truck (1947-1968)
  • GAZ-40 - BTR-40
    BTR-40

    The BTR-40 is a Soviet Union non-amphibious wheeled armored personnel carrier and reconnaissance vehicle It is often referred to as Sorokovka in Soviet service....
     armored personnel carrier (1950-1960)
  • GAZ-12 ZIM
    GAZ-12 ZIM

    GAZ-12 ZIM is a limousine produced at the GAZ from 1950 till 1959. ZIM abbreviation stands for Zavod Imeni Molotova, which reflects the part of factory's official name at the time....
     - big sedan (1950-1960)
  • GAZ 46 MAV
    GAZ 46

    The GAZ 46 MAV is a Russian-made light four-wheel drive amphibious military vehicle, that entered service in the 1950s and has been used by many Eastern Bloc allied forces since....
     - light 4x4 amphibian (1952-??)
  • GAZ-69
    GAZ-69

    GAZ-69 was a four wheel drive light truck of Jeep class, produced by GAZ between 1953 and 1955. From 1954 until 1972 it was produced by UAZ, as UAZ-69, though they were commonly known as GAZ-69s as well....
     - 4x4 jeep (1952-1972)
  • GAZ-69A - 4x4 jeep (1953-1972)
  • GAZ-M20V - Pobeda passenger car (1955-1958)
  • GAZ-?72 - Pobeda 4x4 passenger car (1955-1958)
  • GAZ-21 - Volga
    Volga (automobile)

    Volga is an automobile brand, that originated in Soviet Union to replace the venerated GAZ-M20 Pobeda in 1956. Revolutionary in design, it became a symbol of higher status, in the Soviet nomenklatura....
     sedan (1956-1970)
  • GAZ-62 - 4x4 military truck (1958-1962)
  • GAZ-13 - Chaika limousine (1959-1981)
  • GAZ-49 - BTR-60
    BTR-60

    The BTR-60 is the first vehicle in a series of Soviet eight-wheeled armoured personnel carriers. It was developed in the late 1950s as a replacement for BTR-152 and was seen first time in public in 1961....
     armored personnel carrier (1960-1976)
  • GAZ-52 - truck (1961-1997)
  • GAZ-53
    GAZ-53

    GAZ-53 is a 3.5 ton 4x2 truck from GAZ, introduced first as GAZ-53F in 1961. Powered by old 6-cylinder engine from the GAZ-51 it was joined in 1962 by the virtually identical 2.5 ton GAZ-52, produced until 1997....
     - truck (1961-1993)
  • GAZ-22 - Volga station wagon (1962-1970)
  • GAZ-23 - Volga V8 KGB sedan (1962-1971)
  • GAZ-66
    GAZ-66

    The GAZ-66 is a Russia four wheel drive all-road military truck produced by GAZ. It was the main transport vehicle for motorized infantry of the Soviet Army and is still employed in former Soviet Union countries....
     - 4x4 military truck (1964-1999)
  • GAZ-24 - Volga sedan (1968-1985)
  • GAZ-24-24 - Volga V8 KGB sedan (1971-1986)
  • GAZ-24-02 - Volga station wagon (1972-1986)
  • GAZ-4905 - BTR-70
    BTR-70

    The BTR-70 is an eight-wheeled armored personnel carrier , originally developed during the late 1960s under the industrial designator GAZ-4905....
     armored personnel carrier (1976-86)
  • GAZ-14 - Chaika limousine (1977-1988)
  • GAZ-3102 - Volga luxury sedan (from 1982)
  • GAZ-3101 - Volga V8 KGB luxury sedan (1984-1991)
  • GAZ-24-10 - Volga sedan (1984-1993)
  • GAZ-24-34 - Volga V8 KGB sedan (1986-1991)
  • GAZ-5903 - BTR-80
    BTR-80

    BTR-80 is an 8x8 wheeled armoured personnel carrier designed in the Soviet Union. Production started in 1986 and replaced the previous versions, BTR-60 and BTR-70 in the Soviet army....
     armored personnel carrier (from 1986)
  • GAZ-31029 - Volga sedan (1992-1997)
  • GAZ-3302 - GAZelle
    GAZelle

    A GAZelle is a series of mid-sized trucks, vans and buses made by Russian car manufacturer GAZ. GAZelles are similar to the later launched GAZ Sobol and GAZ Valdai line of vans and light trucks....
     light truck (from 1994)
  • GAZ-2705 - GAZelle cargo van (from 1995)
  • GAZ-3221 - GAZelle passenger van (from 1996)
  • GAZ-33023 - GAZelle "Farmer" light truck double cab (from 1996)
  • GAZ-33027 - GAZelle 4x4 light truck (from 1996)
  • GAZ-3937
    GAZ-3937

    GAZ-3937 "Vodnik" is a Russian high-mobility multipurpose amphibious vehicle manufactured by GAZ. It is a modification of civil GAZ-2330 "Tigr" and has a water-displacing hermetic hull which provides improved fording performance....
     - Vodnik amphibious
    Amphibious vehicle

    An amphibious vehicle , is a vehicle or craft , that is a means of transport, viable on land as well as on water - just like an amphibian.This definition applies equally to any land and water transport, small or large, powered or unpowered, ranging from amphibious bicycles, ATVs, cars, buses, trucks, RVs, and military vehicles, all the way...
     4x4 amphibian (from 1997)
  • GAZ-2752 - Sobol cargo van (from 1998)
  • GAZ-22171 - Sobol passenger van (from 1998)
  • GAZ-2217 - Barguzin passenger van (from 1999)
  • GAZ-2310 - Sobol pick-up truck (from 1999)
  • GAZ-3110 - Volga sedan (1997-2004)
  • GAZ-310221 - Volga station wagon (from 1997)
  • GAZ-3111 - Volga luxury sedan (2003-2005)
  • GAZ-31105 - Volga sedan (from 2004)
  • GAZ-2330 - Tiger heavy army jeep (from 2002)
  • GAZ-5923 - Rostok BTR-90
    BTR-90

    BTR-90 is an 8?8 wheeled infantry fighting vehicle developed in Russia, designed in 1993 and first shown publicly in 1994. It is a larger version of the BTR-80 vehicle, fitted with a BMP-2 turret....
     armored personnel carrier (from 2004)
  • Volga Siber
    Volga Siber

    Volga Siber ? is a Russian automobile sedan, introduced by the Russian firm "GAZ" at the "?????????-2007" show in Moscow on August 29 2007. The Volga Siber is built off a licensed platform from the prior-generation Chrysler Sebring and Dodge Stratus....
     - mid-class sedan based on Chrysler Sebring platform (from 2008)


Car gallery



See also

  • Automobile model numbering system in USSR and Russia
    Automobile model numbering system in USSR and Russia

    A standardized automobile model numbering system has been used in the USSR and Russia. Using the modern version of the system it is possible to determine a vehicle's type and engine capacity....
  • Automotive industry
  • History of Ford Motor Company
    History of Ford Motor Company

    This article is about the History of the Ford Motor Company. For more general information about the company, see Ford Motor CompanyFord Motor Company is an United States multinational corporation and the world's List of automobile manufacturers#World Motor Vehicle Production by Manufacturer based on worldwide vehicle sales....


External links

  • (in Russian)
  • (in English)
  • (in Turkish)