EugÃ¨ne de Beauharnais

EugÃ¨ne De Beauharnais

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EugÃ¨ne de Beauharnais

Eugène Rose de Beauharnais, Prince Français, Prince of Venice

Venice

Venice is a city in northern Italy, the capital city of the Italian regions Veneto, a population of 271,251 . Together with Padua, Italy, the city is included in the Padua-Venice Metropolitan Area ....
, Viceroy of the Kingdom of Italy

Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)

The Kingdom of Italy was founded in Northern Italy by Napoleon I of France, and ended with his defeat and fall.The Kingdom of Italy was born on 17 March 1805 when the Italian Republic , whose president was Napoleon, became Kingdom of Italy, with Napoleon as King of Italy and Eug?ne de Beauharnais viceroy....
, Hereditary Grand Duke of Frankfurt

Frankfurt

is the largest city in the German States of Germany of Hesse and the List of cities in Germany with more than 100,000 inhabitants in Germany, with a 2008 population of 670,000....
, 1st Duke of Leuchtenberg

Leuchtenberg

Leuchtenberg is a Municipalities of Germany in the district of Neustadt in Bavaria in Germany, essentially a suburb of nearby Weiden in der Oberpfalz, and a historical region in Holy Roman Empire governed by the Landgrave of Leuchtenberg....
and 1st Prince of Eichstätt

Eichstätt

Eichst?tt is a city in the federal state of Bavaria, Germany, and capital of the Eichst?tt . It is located along the Altm?hl River, at , and had a population of 13,078 in 2002....
ad personam (3 September 1781 - 21 February 1824) was the first child and only son of the future French emperor Napoleon's first wife, Joséphine Tascher de la Pagerie
Joséphine de Beauharnais

Jos?phine de Beauharnais was the first wife of Napoleon I of France, and thus the first First French Empire. Through her daughter, Hortense de Beauharnais, she was the maternal grandmother of Napol?on III....
and Alexandre, Vicomte de Beauharnais
Alexandre, vicomte de Beauharnais

Alexandre Fran?ois Marie de Beauharnais, Vicomte de Beauharnais was a France political figure and general during the French Revolution. He was the first husband of Jos?phine de Beauharnais, who later married Napoleon I of France and became Empress of the First French Empire....
.

He was born in Paris
Paris

Paris is the Capital of France and the country's largest city. It is situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the ?le-de-France Regions of France ....
, France
France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
and became the stepson and adopted child (but not the heir to the imperial throne) of Napoleon.

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Eugène Rose de Beauharnais, Prince Français, Prince of Venice
Venice

Venice is a city in northern Italy, the capital city of the Italian regions Veneto, a population of 271,251 . Together with Padua, Italy, the city is included in the Padua-Venice Metropolitan Area ....
, Viceroy of the Kingdom of Italy
Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)

The Kingdom of Italy was founded in Northern Italy by Napoleon I of France, and ended with his defeat and fall.The Kingdom of Italy was born on 17 March 1805 when the Italian Republic , whose president was Napoleon, became Kingdom of Italy, with Napoleon as King of Italy and Eug?ne de Beauharnais viceroy....
, Hereditary Grand Duke of Frankfurt
Frankfurt

is the largest city in the German States of Germany of Hesse and the List of cities in Germany with more than 100,000 inhabitants in Germany, with a 2008 population of 670,000....
, 1st Duke of Leuchtenberg
Leuchtenberg

Leuchtenberg is a Municipalities of Germany in the district of Neustadt in Bavaria in Germany, essentially a suburb of nearby Weiden in der Oberpfalz, and a historical region in Holy Roman Empire governed by the Landgrave of Leuchtenberg....
and 1st Prince of Eichstätt
Eichstätt

Eichst?tt is a city in the federal state of Bavaria, Germany, and capital of the Eichst?tt . It is located along the Altm?hl River, at , and had a population of 13,078 in 2002....
ad personam (3 September 1781 - 21 February 1824) was the first child and only son of the future French emperor Napoleon's first wife, Joséphine Tascher de la Pagerie
Joséphine de Beauharnais

Jos?phine de Beauharnais was the first wife of Napoleon I of France, and thus the first First French Empire. Through her daughter, Hortense de Beauharnais, she was the maternal grandmother of Napol?on III....
and Alexandre, Vicomte de Beauharnais
Alexandre, vicomte de Beauharnais

Alexandre Fran?ois Marie de Beauharnais, Vicomte de Beauharnais was a France political figure and general during the French Revolution. He was the first husband of Jos?phine de Beauharnais, who later married Napoleon I of France and became Empress of the First French Empire....
.

He was born in Paris
Paris

Paris is the Capital of France and the country's largest city. It is situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the ?le-de-France Regions of France ....
, France
France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
and became the stepson and adopted child (but not the heir to the imperial throne) of Napoleon. His natural father was executed during the revolutionary Reign of Terror
Reign of Terror

The Reign of Terror or simply The Terror was a period of violence that occurred fifteen months after the onset of the French Revolution, incited by conflict between rival political factions, the Girondins and the Jacobin Club, and marked by mass executions of "enemies of the revolution." Estimates vary widely as to how many were kil...
. He commanded the Army of Italy
Army of Italy (France)

The Army of Italy was a Field army of the French Army stationed on the Italian border and used for operations in Italy itself. Though it existed in some form in the 16th century through to the present, it is best known for its role during the French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars....
and was viceroy
Viceroy

A viceroy is a royal official who governs a country or province in the name of and as representative of the monarch. The term derives from the Latin prefix vice-, meaning "in the place of" and the French word roi, meaning king....
of Italy under his stepfather.

Historians have looked upon him as one of the abler of Napoleon's relatives.

Military career
Eugène's first campaign was in the Vendée
Vendée

The Vend?e [] is a departments of France in the Pays-de-la-Loire region in west central France, on the Atlantic Ocean. The name Vend?e is taken from the Vend?e River which runs through the south-eastern part of the department....
, where he fought at Quiberon. However, within a year his mother Joséphine had arranged his return to Paris. In the Italian campaigns of 1796-1797, Eugène served as aide-de-camp
Aide-de-camp

An aide-de-camp is a personal assistant, secretary, or adjutant to a person of high rank, usually a senior military officer or a head of state....
to his stepfather, whom he also accompanied to Egypt
Egypt

Egypt is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Western Asia. Covering an area of about , Egypt borders the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west....
. In Egypt, Eugène was wounded during the Siege of Acre (1799)
Siege of Acre (1799)

The Siege of Acre of 1799 was an unsuccessful French siege of the Ottoman Empire-defended, walled city of Acre, Israel and was the turning point of Napoleon I of France French invasion of Egypt ....
. He returned to France in the autumn of 1799 and helped bring about the reconciliation which then took place between Bonaparte and his mother, torn apart by each other's affairs. When Napoleon became First Consul
First Consul

First Consul was a title used by Napoleon Bonaparte following his seizure of power in France.Originally, three equal Consuls made up the government established by Bonaparte and Emmanuel Joseph Siey?s after the coup of 18 Brumaire , which established the French Consulate in France ....
, Eugène became a captain in the Chasseurs à Cheval of the Consular Guard and with his squadron he took part in the Battle of Marengo.

During the War of the Fifth Coalition, Eugène was put in command of the Army of Italy, with General Étienne-Jacques-Joseph-Alexandre MacDonald
Étienne-Jacques-Joseph-Alexandre MacDonald

Etienne Jacques Joseph Alexandre MacDonald, 1st duc de Taranto was a Marshal of France and a French military leader during the French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars....
as his military advisor. In April 1809 he fought and lost the Battle of Sacile
Battle of Sacile

The Battle of Sacile took place on April 16 1809, between 40,000 Austrian Empire under the Archduke John, and 36,000 First French Empire and Kingdom of Italy under Eug?ne de Beauharnais, Viceroy of Italy....
against the Austrian army of the Archduke John
Archduke Johann of Austria

Archduke John of Austria was the thirteenth child of Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Louisa of Spain. His son from a morganatic marriage was Franz von Meran....
, but Eugène's troops decisively won the rematch at the Battle of Raab
Battle of Raab

The Battle of Raab was fought on 14 June 1809 during the Napoleonic Wars, between Franco-Italian forces and Austrian-Hungarian forces. The battle was fought near Gyor in Hungary and ended in a Franco-Italian victory....
that June. After the Battle of Aspern-Essling
Battle of Aspern-Essling

In the Battle of Aspern-Essling , Napoleon I of France attempted a forced crossing of the Danube near Vienna, but the French and their allies were driven back by the Austrian Empire under Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen....
, Napoleon recalled the Army of Italy and after joining the main army, on the island of Lobau in the Danube, Eugène took part in the Battle of Wagram
Battle of Wagram

In the Battle of Wagram Napoleon I of France's First French Empire forces defeated Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen Austrian Empire army, near Vienna, effectively bringing the War of the Fifth Coalition to an end....
.

During the Russian campaign, Eugène again commanded the Army of Italy (IV Corps
IV Corps (Grande Armée)

The IV Corps of the Grande Arm?e was a military unit during the Napoleonic Wars....
) with which he fought in the Battle of Borodino
Battle of Borodino

The Battle of Borodino , fought on September 7, 1812, was the largest and bloodiest single-day action of the Napoleonic Wars, involving more than 250,000 troops and resulting in at least 70,000 casualties....
and the Battle of Maloyaroslavets
Battle of Maloyaroslavets

The Battle of Maloyaroslavets took place on October 24 1812, between the Russians, under Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov, and part of the corps of Eug?ne de Beauharnais, Napoleon Bonaparte stepson, under General Delzons which numbered about 20,000 strong....
. After Napoleon and then Joachim Murat
Joachim Murat

Joachim-Napol?on Murat , Prince Murat, Grand Duke of Berg and Duchy of Cleves, Marshal of France, was King of the Two Sicilies from 1808 to 1815....
had left the retreating army, Eugène took command of the remnants and led it back to Germany in 1813.

During the campaign of 1813, Eugène fought in the Battle of Lützen
Battle of Lützen (1813)

In the Battle of L?tzen , Napoleon I of France lured a combined Prussian and Russian force into a trap, halting the advances of the War of the Sixth Coalition after his Napoleon's invasion of Russia....
. Napoleon then sent him back to Italy, where he organised the defence against the Austrians, holding out until the abdication in 1814. After the fall of Napoleon in 1814, Eugène retired to Munich
Munich

Munich is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany. Munich is located on the River Isar north of the Northern Limestone Alps. Munich is the third largest city in Germany, after Berlin and Hamburg....
and at the behest of his father-in-law Maximilian I of Bavaria
Maximilian I of Bavaria

Maximilian I was prince-elector of Bavaria from 1799 to 1805, king of Bavaria from 1806 to 1825. He was a member of the House of Palatinate-Birkenfeld, a branch of the House of Wittelsbach....
, did not get involved with Napoleon and France again.

Status and titles

In 1804 he was made an official member of the imperial family as His Imperial Highness, French Prince (Prince français) Eugène de Beauharnais. By a statute of 5 June 1805 the Emperor added Viceroy of Italy
Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)

The Kingdom of Italy was founded in Northern Italy by Napoleon I of France, and ended with his defeat and fall.The Kingdom of Italy was born on 17 March 1805 when the Italian Republic , whose president was Napoleon, became Kingdom of Italy, with Napoleon as King of Italy and Eug?ne de Beauharnais viceroy....
to his titles.

Prince Eugène was adopted by Napoleon on 12 January 1806; while excluded from the French empire's succession, he was given presumptive rights for him and his descendants in the male line to the throne of Italy in the absence of a second son of Napoleon on 16 February 1806, and hence on 20 December 1807 given the title of Prince de Venise ('Prince of Venice'), which had been instituted by article 9 of the decree of 30 March 1806 (when the former Austrian province of Venice was united to Bonaparte's kingdom of Italy) for the Heir Presumptive
Heir Presumptive

An heir presumptive is the person provisionally scheduled to inherit a throne, peerage, or other hereditary honor, but whose position can be displaced by the birth of an heir apparent or of a new heir presumptive with a better claim to the throne....
to Napoleon in Italy.

His stepfather also made him heir to the Grand Duchy of Frankfurt
Grand Duchy of Frankfurt

The Grand Duchy of Frankfurt was a German satellite state of Napoleonic creation. It came into existence in 1810 through the combination of the former Archbishopric of Mainz along with the Imperial city of Free City of Frankfurt itself....
in 1810 and hence he technically succeeded as Grand Duke to Archbishop Karl Theodor Anton Maria von Dalberg
Karl Theodor Anton Maria von Dalberg

Karl Theodor Anton Maria von Dalberg was Archbishopric of Mainz, Prince-Elector#High Offices of the Holy Roman Empire, Principality of Regensburg, primate of the Confederation of the Rhine and Grand Duchy of Frankfurt....
, the Prince-Primate of the Confederation of the Rhine
Confederation of the Rhine

The Confederation of the Rhine or Rhine Confederation was a client state of the First French Empire. It was formed initially from 16 German states by Napoleon I of France after he defeated Austria's Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor and Russia's Alexander I of Russia in the Battle of Austerlitz....
, upon the latter's abdication in 1813. This position, however, was purely theoretical, as Dalberg's abdication was due to his Grand Duchy's imminent conquest by the Allied armies.

A further imperial sinecure was Archichancelier d'Etat de l'Empire de France (Archchancellor of State of the Empire of France).

Family
In 1806 Eugène had married Princess Augusta Amalia Ludovika Georgia of Bavaria (1788-1851), eldest daughter of Maximilian I of Bavaria
Maximilian I of Bavaria

Maximilian I was prince-elector of Bavaria from 1799 to 1805, king of Bavaria from 1806 to 1825. He was a member of the House of Palatinate-Birkenfeld, a branch of the House of Wittelsbach....
, and his royal father-in-law made him Duke of Leuchtenberg
Duke of Leuchtenberg

Duke of Leuchtenberg was a title created by Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria on 14 November, 1817 and awarded to his son-in-law Eug?ne de Beauharnais....
and gave him the administration of the Principality of Eichstätt
Eichstätt

Eichst?tt is a city in the federal state of Bavaria, Germany, and capital of the Eichst?tt . It is located along the Altm?hl River, at , and had a population of 13,078 in 2002....
on 14 November, 1817.

Eugène's and Augusta's children were:
Princess Joséphine Maximiliane Eugénie Napoléonne de Beauharnais
Josephine of Leuchtenberg

Jos?phine of Leuchtenberg was as Swedish and Norwegian queen, the Queen consort of Oscar I of Sweden and Norway. She was known as Queen Josefina....
(1807-1876) became the Queen Consort to King Oscar I of Sweden
Oscar I of Sweden

Oscar I, born Joseph Fran?ois Oscar Bernadotte , was Monarch of Sweden and List of Norwegian monarchs from 1844 to his death. When, in August 1810, his father Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte was elected Crown Prince of Sweden, Oscar and his mother moved from Paris to Stockholm ....
, himself the son of Napoleon's old love, Desirée Clary
Désirée Clary

Bernardine Eug?nie D?sir?e Clary , one-time fianc?e of Napoleon Bonaparte, was the wife of King Charles XIV John of Sweden of Sweden and Norway....
.
Princess Eugénie Hortense Auguste de Beauharnais (1808-1847). Married Friedrich, Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen
Constantine, Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen

Prince Friedrich Wilhelm Konstantin Hermann Thassilo of Hohenzollern-Hechingen was the last Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen. Constantine was the only child of Friedrich Hermann Otto of Hohenzollern-Hechingen and his wife, Princess Pauline, Duchess of Sagan, the daughter of the last Duchy of Courland and Semigallia, Peter von Biron....
.
Prince Auguste Charles Eugène Napoléon de Beauharnais, 2nd Duke of Leuchtenberg, (1810 - 1835) married Queen Mary II of Portugal. There was no issue from this marriage
Princess Amélie Auguste Eugénie Napoléone de Beauharnais, (31 July 1812 - 26 January 1873) was the second wife of Peter I of Brazil
Peter I of Brazil

Pedro I , known as "Don Pedro Primeiro" , proclaimed Brazil independent from Portugal and became Brazil's first Brazilian Empire. He also held the Portuguese monarchs briefly as Pedro IV of Portugal, the Soldier-King , 28th king of Kingdom of Portugal....
(father of Mary II of Portugal) and became Empress of Brazil
Princess Theodelinde Louise Eugénie Auguste Napoléone de Beauharnais (1814-1857). Married Wilhelm, 1st Duke of Urach
Wilhelm, 1st Duke of Urach

Count Friedrich Wilhelm Alexander Ferdinand of W?rttemberg, 1st Duke of Urach , was the son of Duke Wilhelm of W?rttemberg and his morganatic wife, Baroness Wilhelmine von Tunderfeldt-Rhodis ....
.
Princess Carolina Clotilde de Beauharnais (1816)
Prince Maximilian Josèphe Eugène Auguste Napoléon de Beauharnais (1817-1852), married Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaievna of Russia, eldest daughter of Tsar
Tsar

Tsar or czar , occasionally spelled csar or tzar in English language, is a slavs term designating certain monarchs.Originally, the title Czar meant Emperor in the European medieval sense of the term, that is, a ruler who has the same rank as a Ancient Rome or Byzantine emperor due to recognition by another emperor or...
Nicholas I of Russia
Nicholas I of Russia

Nicholas I , , was the Emperor of Russia from 1825 until 1855, known as one of the most reactionary of the List of Russian rulers. On the eve of his death, the Russian Empire reached its historical zenith spanning over 20 million square kilometres....
, and received the title of "Prince Romanovsky", addressed as "His Imperial Highness", in 1852.

Eugène de Beauharnais died on 21 February 1824 in Munich
Munich

Munich is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany. Munich is located on the River Isar north of the Northern Limestone Alps. Munich is the third largest city in Germany, after Berlin and Hamburg....
.
External links